• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.5
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• pp.1246-1257
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• 2021

Purpose To assess the predictive factors and describe the imaging features of mediastinal lymph node (MLN) metastases in patients with head and neck cancer. Materials and Methods We compared the clinical features and disease characteristics (sex, age, site of primary tumor, histologic type, history of prior treatments, TNM stages, and metastasis in cervical LNs) of patients with head and neck cancers between the MLN metastasis and no MLN metastasis groups. We also evaluated the chest CT (distribution and maximum dimension of the largest LN) and PET/CT (maximum standardized uptake value) features of MLN metastases based on the MLN classification. Results Of the 470 patients with head and neck cancer, 55 (11.7%) had MLN metastasis, involving 150 mediastinal stations. Hypopharynx cancer, recurrent tumor, T4 stage, N2/N3 stages, and M1 stage were found to be significant predicting factors for MLN metastasis. The most common location of MLN metastasis was ipsilateral station 2 (upper paratracheal LNs, 36.4%), followed by ipsilateral station 11 (interlobar LNs, 27.3%) and ipsilateral station 10 (hilar LNs, 25.5%). Conclusion Metastasis to MLNs should be considered in patients with head and neck cancer, especially in cases that are associated with a hypopharyngeal cancer, recurrent tumor, and high TNM stages.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.33-36
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• 2020

Cutaneous horn is the clinical entity, which is circumscribed, conical, markedly hyperkeratotic lesion in which the height of the keratotic mass amounts to at least half of its largest diameter. It may be associated with many different pathological lesions. It is a relatively rare and a kind of epidermal tumor that generally appears as a conical projection. Here, we report rare case of congenital cutaneous horn. A 39-month-old female Korean patient presented at our clinic with a mass at the tip of her nose present since birth. Under general anesthesia, cutaneous horn of nasal tip was completely excised without any complications. The operation site was small enough to perform a primary closure, without any nasal deformity. Histopathologically, it was reported as a fibroepithelial polyps. After operation, there is no evidence of recurrence at 16 months of follow-up.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.82-86
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• 2019

In the field of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery, botulinum toxins are widely used for the treatment of spasmodic dysphonia and vocal tremors. Recently, the applications of botulinum toxin have gradually expanded with time, to include vocal fold granuloma, mutational falsetto, bilateral vocal cord paralysis, and chemical reduction for arytenoid dislocation as an adjunctive modality. According to a nation-wide multicenter study conducted by the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics for treatment modality of contact granuloma, among the various treatment modalities, botulinum toxin injection showed the highest response rate and lowest recurrence rate in both primary and refractory cases. Therefore, botulinum toxin could be reserved as a second-line treatment for contact granuloma in which the first treatment was not effective, but also could be used as a first-line treatment depending on the patient's and institution's situation. For recalcitrant nodules, injection of botulinum toxin into the bilateral thyroarytenoid muscle will reduce glottal contact force and result in a forceful chemical voice rest. In special situations, botulinum toxin injection could be one of the alternative treatment options for recalcitrant vocal nodules.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.92-99
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• 1996

The primary treatment of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma is at this time, mainly based on radiotherapy. In most studies for patient treated with radiotherapy, overall 5-year survival rate is in the range of 35 to 55%. Obviously, these therapeutic results may be influenced by various factors such as clinical stages, histopathological types and radiation techniques, etc. Though the radiotherapy had a good therapeutic result, there is a limitation to apply the radiotherapy only in cases of the advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Anatomical complexity of the skull base and difficulties in complete surgical intervention were the trouble of the surgery but in the case of radiation failure, there is no adequate choice of other curative modalities. So it is appropriate to investigate whether surgical resection may improve the outcome of treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The purpose of this papaer is to report our surgical experience of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma, then to take into consideration of the new model of treatment strategy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.2139-2152
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• 2007

Ruthenium complex-catalyzed reactions often require highly qualified tuning of reaction conditions with substrates to attain high yield and selectivity of the products. In this review, our strategies for achieving characteristic ruthenium complex-catalyzed co-oligomerization of different alkenes are disclosed: 1) The codimerization of 2-norbornenes with acrylic compounds by new ruthenium catalyst systems of RuCl3(tpy)/Zn [tpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine] or [RuCl2(η6-C6H6)]2/Zn in alcohols, 2) A novel synthesis of 2-alkylidenetetrahydrofurans from dihydrofurans and acrylates by zerovalent ruthenium catalysts, such as Ru(η4-cod)(η6-cot) [cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene, cot = 1,3,5-cyclooctatriene] and Ru(η6-cot)(η2-dmfm)2 [dmfm = dimethyl fumarate], 3) Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of enamides by Ru(η6-cot)(η2-dmfm)2-catalyzed codimerization of N-vinylamides with alkenes, and 4) Unusual head-to-head dimerization of styrenes and linear codimerization of styrenes with ethylene by Ru(η6-cot)(η2-dmfm)2 catalyst in the presence of primary alcohols.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.654-659
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• 2003

PVAP (Pressure Vessel Analysis Program V1.0) was developed by adopting the finite element analysis program ANSYS V6.0, and Microsoft Visual Basic V6.0 was also utilized for the interfacing and handling of input and output data during the analysis. PVAP offers the end user the ability to design and analyze vessels in strict accordance with ASME Section VIII, Division 2. More importantly, the user is not required to make any design decisions during the input of the vessel. PVAP consists of three analysis modules for the finite element analysis of the primary components of pressure vessel such as head, shell, nozzle, and skirt. In each module, finite element analysis can be performed automatically only if the end user gives the dimension of the vessel. Furthermore, the calculated results are compared and evaluated in accordance with the criteria given in ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 2. In particular, heat transfer analysis and consecutive thermal stress analysis for the junction between skirt and head can be carried out automatically in the skirt-tohead module. Finally, report including the above results is created automatically in Microsoft Word format.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.200-209
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• 1993

The primary treatment of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma is, at this time, mainly based on radiotherapy. In most studies for patient treated with radiotherapy, overall 5-year survival rate is in the range of 35 to 55%. Obviously, these therapeutic results may be influenced by various factors such as clinical stages, histopathological types and radiation techniques, etc. Though the radiotherapy had a good therapeutic result, there is a limitation to apply the radiotherapy only in cases of the advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Anatomical complexity of the skull base and difficulties in complete surgical intervention were the trouble of the surgery but in the case of radiation failure, there is no adequate cholice of other curative modalities. So it is appropriate to investigate whether surgical resection may improve the results of treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The purpose of this paper is to report the surgical experience with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, then to take into consideration of the new model of treatment strategy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2009.01a
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• pp.808-811
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• 2009

Robovie-R2 [1], developed by ATR, is a 110cm high, 60kg weight, two wheel drive, human like robot. It has two arms with dynamic fingers. It also has a position sensitive detector sensor and two cameras as eyes on his head for recognizing his surrounding environment. Recent years, we have carried out a project to integrate new functions into Robovie-R2 so as to make it possible to be used in a dining room in healthcare center for helping serving meal for elderly. As a new function, we have developed software system for adaptive movement control of Robovie-R2 that is primary important since a robot that cannot autonomously control its movement would be a dangerous object to the people in dining room. We used the cameras on Robovie-R2's head to catch environment images, applied our original algorithm for recognizing obstacles such as furniture or people, so as to control Roboie-R2's movement. In this paper, we will focus our algorithm and its results.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.143-149
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• 2007

This study describes spermatogenesis and sperm ultrastructure of the granular ark, Tegillarca granosa using light and electron microscopy. In the active spermatogenic season, the testis comprises many spermatogenic follicles that contain germ cells in different developmental stages. Primary spermatocytes in the pachytene stage are characterized by synaptonemal complexes. The early spermatids are characterized by the appearance of several Golgi bodies, increased karyoplasmic electron density, and tubular mitochondria. The mass of proacrosomal granules consists of numerous heterogeneous granules with high electron density that are about 20 nm in diameter. From the midstage of spermiogenesis, the well-developed mitochondria in the cytoplasm aggregate posterior to the nucleus and surround the proximal and distal centrioles. The proacrosomal granules condense and form a single acrosome with a thin envelope. During late spermiogenesis, the acrosome begins to elongate becoming conical. The sperm is approximately $35.0{\mu}m$ long and consists of a head, midpiece, and tail. The head comprises a round nucleus and a conical acrosome. A micro fibrous axial rod is observed between the nucleus and acrosome. The midpiece has a calyx-like structure with five mitochondria, and the tail, which has the typical "9+2" microtubular system, originates from the distal centriole.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.454-458
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• 2007

Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is a serious problem causing the degradation of soil and water quality. Concentrated overland flow is the primary transport mechanism for a large amount of NPS pollutants from hillslope areas to downslope areas in a watershed. In this study, a soil erosion model, nLS model, to identify transitional overland flow regions (i.e., ephemeral gully head areas) was developed using the kinematic wave overland flow theory. Spatial data, including digital elevation models (DEMs), soil, and landcover, were used in the GIS-based model algorithm. The model was calibrated and validated using gully head locations in a large agricultural watershed, which were identified using 1-m aerial photography. The model performance was better than two previous approaches; the overall accuracy of the nLS model was 72 % to 87 % in one calibration subwatershed and the mean overall accuracy was 75 to 89 % in four validation subwatersheds, showing that the model well predicted potential transitional erosion areas at different watersheds. However, the user accuracy in calibration and validation was still low. To improve the user accuracy and study the effects of DEM resolution, finer resolution DEMs may be preferred because DEM grid is strongly sensitive to estimating model parameters. Information gained from this study can improve assessing soil erosion process due to concentrated overland flow as well as analyze the effect of microtopographic landscapes, such as riparian buffer areas, in NPS control.