• Applied Microscopy
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.143-156
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• 2001

본 연구는 황소개구리의 정소내 생식세포분화 단계와 정자변태과정중의 정자의 형태적 특징을 알아보기 위하여 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 황소개구리의 정자형성과정 중 생식세포는 제1정원세포, 제2정원세포, 제1정모세포, 제2정모세포 및 정자세포로 구성되어져 있으며, 이들 생식세포의 분화단계는 세포의 형태적 특정을 기초로 하여 총 8단계로 구분되어졌다. 제1정원세포를 제외한 정모세포발생 단계에서부터 이탈 전까지의 정자세포는 정낭내에 존재하고 있었다. 정자변태과정은 3단계로 구분되어졌다. 성숙기의 정자의 첨체는 낭상이고, 두부의 모양은 양끝이 가는 원통형이었으며, 꼬리는 단지 축사로만 구성되어져 있었다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 1999

Purpose: We studied magnetic resonance imaging of acromion morphology and superior displacement of the humeral head in the patients with diagnosis of rotator cuff impingement syndrome, and also documented the relationship of type Ⅲ acromion to the rotator cuff tear. Materials and Methods: We reviewed retrospectively 40 patients(40 shoulders) who had arthroscopic treatment for the diagnosis of stage II impingement or rotator cuff partial tear and did not have other risk lesions except acromion factor. The mean age was 48.7 years at operation. 21 men(2l shoulders), mean age of 26 years, were used as controls. Acromial type, tilt, and superior displacement of humeral head in sagittal plane, and acromial lateral angulation in coronal plane were measured. Four parameters of the patients were compared with those of control group. And then, the data were subdivided and analyzed with respect to acromial type and patient age in the impingement group. Student t test and multi-way ANOVA were used. Results: In impingement group, Farley's type I acromion, 33%, type Ⅱ, 38%, type Ⅲ, 27% and type Ⅳ, 2%. Superior displacement of humeral head( 4.8mm) were characteristic in the impingement group compared with the control group(1.3mm)(p<0.05). But acromial tilt and lateral angulation were not statistically different. In the analysis of the impingement group, the change of 4 parameters was not significant with respect to age(p>0.05), but lateral angulation in type I acromion(18 degree) and superior displacement of humeral head in type Ⅲ acromion(6.3mm) were significantly increased(p<0.05). All 4 parameters were not different between two subdivided types of type Ⅲ acromion. Conclusion: All types of acromian and large lateral angulatian cauld develop impingement syndrame, but acromial tilt was nat risk factar. Appearance of type Ⅲ acromian and increased superiar displacement of humeral head were characteristic findings in the impingement syndrame. Superiar displacement of humeral head as a result of degenerative change of rotatar cuff was probably primary cause far impingement. The type Ⅲ acromian might be an acquired farm, which cauld be expected to accelerate the tear of rotatar cuff as a cansequence.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2011

Backgrounds : Head and neck cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world. It tends to remain localized at the primary site and regional lymph nodes, but if distant metastasis occurs, it has a poor prognosis. This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of distant metastasis and to determine the risk factor in locally advanced head and neck cancer after induction chemotherapy followed locoregional control therapy. Methods : A retrospective review was performed in 420 patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer who treated with induction chemotherapy followed locoregional control therapy from January 2001 to December 2010. Among them, 31 patients who had distant metastasis as first relapse within 2 years after termination of therapy were analyzed for clinical features and the risk factors of distant metastasis. Results : The overall incidence of distant metastasis was 7.3%. The bone, lung, and liver were the most frequent metastatic organs. In univariate analysis, nodal stage, nasopharyngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer, G3/G4 neutropenia during induction chemotherapy, and concurrent chemoradiotherapy were the influencing factors for distant metastasis. In multivariate analysis, advanced N stage and nasopharynx were the risk factors of distant metastasis, and grade 3/4 neutropenia during induction chemotherapy was considered to decrease distant metastasis. Conclusion : This study suggests that the advanced N stage is the risk factor of distant metastasis and Grade 3/4 neutropenia during induction chemotherapy can be beneficial against distant metastasis in locally advanced head and neck cancer patients treated with induction chemotherapy followed locoregional control therapy.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.130-137
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• 1999

Background and Objectives : Provox, a recently developed tracheoesophageal prosthesis, had been widely used for voice rehabilitation after total laryngectomy for its low resistance and easiness of speech ability. But, long-term use of Provox resulted in many complications and resulted in cessation of Provox as a primary method of vocal rehabilitation. The aim of this study is to report Provox-related problems and the long-term results of Provox voice prosthesis. Materials and Methods : Medical records from patients who had undergone total laryngectomy with Provox insertion at seoul National University Hospital between January 1993 and December 1998 were reviewed retrospectively. Results : 36 patients had used 79 Provox voice prostheses during the observed period. The most common complication causing prosthesis change or removal was leakage and/or aspiration, followed by granulation formation, crusting and/or obstruction, and non-function. Median in situ lifetime of Provox was 274 days and 1-year-in situ rate was 31.0% Among 36 patients, 17 patients had undergone tracheoesophageal shunt closure at the last follow-up visit. 10 patients had complications but got along without further treatments, and 1 patient changed to Blom-Singer voice prosthesis. Only 8 patients experienced no complication, and 5 out of whom had several times of Provox change. Conclusion : long-term use of Provox resulted in discontinuation of its use due to complications in many cases. A better voice prosthesis with lower complication rate and longer in situ lifetime is needed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.813-818
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• 2014

Aims: To describe our institutional experience with high dose rate (HDR) interstitial brachytherapy (IBT) compared with previously reported results on the low dose rate (LDR) practice for head and neck cancer. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four patients with oral cavity (n=70) or oropharyngeal cancer (n=14) were treated with 192Ir HDR-IBT. Seventy-eight patients had stage I or II tumour. The patients treated with IBT alone (n=42) received 39-42 Gy/10-14 fractions (median=40 Gy/10 fractions). With respect to the combination therapy group (n=42), prescription dose comprised of 12-18 Gy/3-6 fractions (median=15 Gy/5 fractions) for IBT and 40-50 Gy/20-25 fractions (median=50 Gy/25 fractions) for external radiotherapy. Brachytherapy was given as 2 fractions per day 6 hours apart with 4 Gy per fraction for monotherapy and 3 Gy per fraction for combination therapy. Results: Four patients were not evaluable in the analysis of outcome. The primary site relapse rates were 23.8% (10/42) and 68.4% (26/38) in patients treated with IBT alone and combination therapy, respectively (p<0.001). Salvage surgery was performed in 19 patients. The 5-year local control rate was estimated at 62% and the disease-free survival (DFS) rate at 52% for all patients. Local control with respect to T1 and T2 tumours was 84% and 42%, respectively. Conclusions: Our present series on HDR-IBT and the previous report on LDR-IBT for head and neck cancer demonstrated similar DFS rates at 5 years (52%). The rate of regional failure in node-negative patients was <20% in both of our series. HDR-IBT offers similar results to LDR-IBT for head and neck cancer.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.164-168
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• 1998

레이저를 이용한 내시경하 상후두부분절제술은 술전에 정확한 병기판정으로 초기 국소병변의 선택을 신중하게 하고 경부 림프절전이의 치료를 효율적으로 시행하는 경우 기존의 수술법과 유사한 생존율을 얻을 수 있었다. 환자의 상태에 따라서 충분한 수술시야를 확보하는데 어려움이 있으며, 병변의 위치에 따라서 술중 절제연의 확인이 힘들다는 제한점을 고려해야 하며, 술 후 발생할 수 있는 출혈, 부종, 오연 등의 합병증에 대비하기 위하여 술 전 기관절개술이 유용할 것으로 생각된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.318-324
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• 2019

두경부암은 전세계에서 발병률이 여섯 번째로 높은 암으로 그동안 수술적 치료를 선호하였으나 광범위한 절제에 따른 기능적 장애로 인해 항암치료에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 두경부암에서 cisplatin이 가장 많이 사용되는 항암제이나 cisplatin 내성이 문제가 되고 있다. 따라서 부작용은 줄이고, 약제내성 기전에 대해 이해하여 암세포의 사멸은 증대시키는 새로운 항암제의 개발이 필요하다. Survivin은 inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) family 중 하나로 두경부암에서 과발현되어 있다. YM155는 survivin을 억제하는 분자로 본 연구를 통해 YM155의 처리 후 두경부 암세포의 세포자멸사가 유도되며, 뇌암 세포와 신장암 세포에서도 세포자멸사가 유도됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 반면에 정상세포인 mesangial cells에는 YM155가 세포자멸사에 영향을 주지 않았다. YM155는 caspase의 활성화를 통해 세포자멸사를 촉진하며, anti-apoptotic protein인 c-FLIP, Mcl-1, survivin의 발현을 저해하는 것으로 확인되었다. YM155는 두경부 뿐만 아니라 다른 장기의 악성종양 치료법의 개발에 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2017

Schwannomas are benign nerve sheath tumors that are typically located in soft tissue. Occasionally, schwannomas involve osseous structures. These intraosseous schwannomas are generally benign neoplasms that account for less than 0.2% of primary bone tumors. Schwannomas are very rarely observed in long bones. We present a case of a schwannoma affecting the proximal femur with a coincident subchondral fracture of the femoral head. A 38-year-old-male presented with left hip pain without deteriorating locomotor function. Plain film radiographs displayed a lobulating contoured lesion within the intertrochanteric portion of the femur. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans showed a tumor occupying the intertrochanteric region. Diffuse bone marrow edema, especially in the subchondral and head portions of the femur that was possibly due to the subchondral insufficiency fracture was also noted. The lesion was surgically excised and bone grafting was performed. Histologically, there was diffuse infiltrative growth of the elongated, wavy, and tapered cells with collagen fibers, which are findings that are characteristic of intraosseous schwannoma. Although very rare, intraosseous schwannoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of radiographically benign-appearing, non-aggressive lesions arising in the femur. The concomitant subchondral fracture of the femoral head confounded the correct diagnosis of intraosseous schwannoma in this case.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.13-19
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• 1995

준소조사면을 대상으로 한 측정자료로부터 콜리메이터에의한 산란영향과 웨지(wedge) 사용에 따른 부가적 효과를 알아보았다. 6MV 의료용 선형가속기에서 발생된 방사선속의 중심축에서 공기중과 폴리스틸렌 팬톰, 물에대해 점리함 및 반도체검출기를 이용한 측정으로 헤드산란(위ㆍ아래 콜리메이터)의 방사선 기원과 그 크기를 결정하였다. 편평화 필터에서 형성된 산란이 대부분 윗 콜라메이터 조절에 의한 영향이 가장 크게 미침을 알수 있었다. 준소조사면에서 웨지인자(wedge factor)의 깊이에대한 영향은 웨지 각이 클수록 많은 경향을 보였고 조사변에대한 영향은 0.28%였다. 임상적으로 10 $\times$10$\textrm{cm}^2$ 이하의 준소조사면과 wedge가 부가적으로 사용되는 10cm 깊이 이하의 조사면 변화에대한 관심으로 헤드산란 및 워지에의한 영향을 확인함으로서보다 적합한 선량계산을 도모하고자 하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.276-282
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• 2006

The anterolateral thigh(ALT) flap has been known as a very versatile and reliable flap. We report our experiences with the anterolateral thigh flap for the postoncologic reconstruction of head and neck region from April 2002 to March 2005. A total of 38 subjects (M: F=30:8, mean age:53.8 years) were taken. We reviewed primary site of tumors, size and thickness of flaps, location and number of perforators, course of perforators, length of pedicle, and postoperative complications. The mean flap size, thickness and pedicle length were $11.8{\times}6.4cm$, 1.1 cm and 12.2 cm, respectively. We classified the pedicles based on the authors' criteria. Type I, pedicle with short intramuscular course, was with 29 cases(72.5%), type II, pedicle with long intramuscular course, with 6 cases(15%), type III, pedicle with septocutaneous course, with 3 cases(7.5%), and type IV, clinically unavailable pedicle, with 2 cases (5%). We experienced 1 case of partial and 1 case of total flap loss. There was 1 case of donor site wound dehiscence, which was treated by debridement and closure. According to the defect, efficient adjustment of the size and thickness of flap was possible, and favorable functional and aesthetic results have been obtained in our study. Our experience confirmed the versatility and usefulness of the anterolateral thigh flap for various reconstructions in head and neck region.