• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.503-514
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• 2002

During the past two decades, primary pollutants in the ambient air have been substantially reduced in Korea by aggressive government efforts such as the switchover to clean fuels and equipment of automobiles with a three-way catalytic converter. However, visibility impairment in Seoul and major metropolitan areas has been a stubborn problem. It is apparent that both directly emitted fine particles mainly from vehicles and secondary fine particles from photochemical reactions could contribute to this visibility impairment. In addition, Korea is located downwind of the prevailing westerlies from China and is influenced by the emissions of air pollutants in China. In order to assess this complicated problem of visibility impairment, the visibility trends for the past 17 years observed at more than 60 stations throughout the country were analyzed. The results showed that visibilities were generally the lowest in the winter morning in comparison with those in the summer afternoon as well as the annual average values. It was believed that primary pollution was principally responsible for visibility impairment in most areas. The visibility in the summer afternoon was lower in clean coastal areas along with a high level of relative humidity due to the inflow of moist air accompanied by sea breeze. Although contributions of secondary particles from photochemical reactions and long-range transport of fine particles to the visibility impairment were probable, their certain evidences were not found.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.714-724
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• 1985

본 논문에서는 입자가 부상된 2상유동의 해석에서 여러유동조건의 유동을 공 통적으로 해석할 수 있고 또 유동의 난류구조를 규명할 수 있도록 하기 위해서 2-방정 식 난류모델을 적용하였고 또 지배방정식들 속에 나타나는 1유체와 2유체의 2차 상관 관계들을 모형화 할 때 Taweel and Landau의 스펙트럼 이론을 확장발전시켜 적용하였 다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권5호
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• pp.939-944
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• 2010

A high voltage air-cored helical strip/wire type pulse transformer has been fabricated for charging of a high voltage pulse forming line. As a primary coil, copper strip of 25mm width was wound helically around a MC nylon cylinder. For a secondary coil, copper enameled wire of 1mm diameter was wound around conical cylinder in order to provide insulation between two windings. The coupling coefficient of 0.53 was obtained when two coils were combined coaxially in the insulation oil filled chamber. Voltage gain and energy transfer efficiency were investigated by varying the parameters of primary and secondary circuit. Test results shows that the voltage gain increases up to 17 with increasing the primary capacitance up to 200nF. And highest energy transfer efficiency of 44% was obtained when the dual resonant operation condition was nearly satisfied. The pulse transformer developed in this study can be used for charging the middle conductor of a Blumlein pulse forming line.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2003

Staged combustion, such as air- and fuel-staging, is a relatively well-known technique fur reduction of NOx emission and used in combination with other techniques nowadays. However, the design variables are still selected depending upon operating conditions. There are many variables tested to investigate the NOx emission characteristics fur changing of fuel or air velocity, swirl intensity, and staging ratio of air and fuel in multi-staged burner. In air-staging case, the fuel-rich condition of the primary combustion zone is very helpful to reduce NOx emission and its range is known to be restricted by the increase of carbon monoxide. However, in many cases carbon monoxide level is not too high to be restricted operating condition. So we tried to expand the equivalence ratio range to the richer condition in the primary combustion zone and certificate the function of each burner component and its contribution to the overall NOx production.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2020

A key component of aviation safety is to eliminate the errors in commercial aircraft air data systems to ensure stable aviation operation. Although the technical aspects such as the maintenance and inspection play a pertinent role, human errors are expected to have a similar or even larger influence on the aviation safety. Aviation maintenance and inspection tasks are often performed by a complex organization, in which individuals perform a variety of tasks in an environment involving time pressure, sparse feedback, and complex conditions. These situational characteristics, combined with the general tendency of human error, may lead to various types of errors, which may have critical consequences such as accidents and loss of life. For instance, if an amber message "IAS DISAGREE" is displayed on the primary flight display while the aircraft is rolling on the runway to takeoff, the crew immediately performs a rejected takeoff operation and troubleshoots the air data system. This paper proposes alternative approaches to address the occurrence of defects due to the human factors involved in the practical processes of the air data system of commercial aircraft.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2015

본 논문은 수직 오리피스 이젝터의 혼합유동 및 산소전달 특성에 대한 실험적 연구를 목적으로 한다. 실험장치는 전동 모터-펌프, 오리피스 이젝터, 순환 수조, 공기압축기, 고속 카메라 시스템 그리고 제어 및 측정기기로 구성하였다. 측정된 구동유체 및 유입공기의 유량을 이용하여 유량비를 도출하였다. 이적터에서 분출된 혼합유동의 가시화를 통해 정성적 거동을 고찰하였으며, 용존산소 농도를 측정하여 총괄 산소전달계수를 도출하였다. 구동유체의 유량이 일정하고 압축기의 공기압이 높아지면 유량비와 산소전달계수는 증가하며, 압축기의 공기압이 일정하고 구동유체의 유량이 증가하면 유량비는 감소하지만 산소전달계수는 증가하였다. 기포의 크기에 따른 체류시간 및 확산도와 수직 혼합유동의 도달거리는 2 상의 접촉면적과 시간에 크게 영향을 미치기 때문에 산소전달율의 중요한 변수임을 유추할 수 있다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the effective volume of the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science free air chamber (KRISS FAC) L1 used for the primary standard device of the low-energy X-ray air kerma. Methods: The mechanical dimensions were measured using a 3-dimensional coordinate measuring machine (3-d CMM, Model UMM 500, Carl Zeiss). The diameter of the diaphragm was measured by a ring gauge calibrator (Model KRISS-DM1, KRISS). The elongation of the collector length due to electric field distortion was determined from the capacitance measurement of the KRISS FAC considering the result of the finite element method (FEM) analysis using the code QuickField v6.4. Results: The measured length of the collector was 15.8003±0.0014 mm with a 68% confidence level (k=1). The aperture diameter of the diaphragm was 10.0021±0.0002 mm (k=1). The mechanical measurement volume of the KRISS FAC L1 was 1.2415±0.0006 cm³ (k=1). The elongated length of the collector due to the electric field distortion was 0.170±0.021 mm. Considering the elongated length, the effective measurement volume of the KRISS FAC L1 was 1.2548±0.0019 cm³(k=1). Conclusions: The effective volume of the KRISS FAC L1 was determined from the mechanically measured value by adding the elongated volume due to the electric field distortion in the FAC. The effective volume will replace the existing mechanically determined volume in establishing and maintaining the primary standard of the low-energy X-ray.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.374-378
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• 2016

The transformer used in an inverter type arc welding machine is designed to use high frequency in order to reduce its size and cost. Also, selecting core materials that fit frequency is important because core loss increases in a high frequency band. An inrush current can occur in the primary coil of transformer during arc welding and this inrush current can cause IGBT, the switching element, to burn out. The transformer design was carried out in $A_P$ method and amorphous core was used to reduce the size of transformer. In addition, sheet coil was used for primary winding and secondary winding coil considering the skin effect. This paper designed the transformer core with an air gap to prevent IGBT burnout due to the inrush current during welding and proposed the optimum air gap length.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2008

In the transformer that is used for the contactless power transmission system, the primary and secondary sides are separated structurally unlike general transformers. When the contactless transformer is built, it forms relatively bigger air gap than the general transformer. Thus it is difficult to transfer energy from the primary side input to the secondary side output with high power efficiently because of low coupling coefficient. This paper proposes a contactless transformer using the rectangular type core that maintains high coupling coefficient even when it has relatively large air gap. The performance characteristics of the proposed transformer are compared with the transformer using general EE core to the air gap variation. The proposed contactless system using rectangular type core and dc-dc full bridge converter, and the system using EE core type and dc-dc full bridge converter are respectively implemented and their performance characteristics are verified by the simulation and experiment.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.316-320
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• 2008

A light rail transit, using a linear induction motor, is generally composed with reaction plates along railroad track and the three phase primary on the vehicle. This linear induction motor is driven to keep clearance between the primary and the secondary of the ground for preventing any contact. Therefore efficiency and power factor is very low. In addition, the reaction plate installed on the ground throughout entire railway is impossible to keep uniform gap and it may cause system deterioration. In this paper, A rotary-type small-scale model of a linear induction motor for various characteristic analysis is designed. Thrust force, normal force and input current of the model by air-gap variation have been analyzed by using a Finite Element Method (FEM). The effects of air-gap variation on system performance have been considered by analysis results.