• Clean Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.263-272
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• 2019

Air pollutants have a high impact on everyday life as well as on human health; therefore, new technologies such as low-emission vehicles and add-on systems for air pollutant reduction are needed for our society. However, the environmental benefits and costs of those technologies are not taken into account in existing economic feasibility assessments, which is a barrier that needs to be overcome for green technology to achieve wide dissemination and fast penetration in the market. Thus, this study develops a methodology to assess the economic feasibility of an air pollutant reduction technology by taking into account the social costs from air pollutants and carries out a case study to validate the methodology. Because the social unit costs for air pollutants have not been evaluated yet in South Korea, the methodology uses the social unit costs evaluated for the European Union that are then converted to those for South Korea based on the measuring criteria for vehicle emission gases, parity purchasing price, foreign currency exchange rate, and customer price index. The social unit costs for South Korea are used to assess economic feasibility. A case study was performed to assess the economic feasibility of a dual fuel system using diesel and compressed natural gas by taking into account social costs from air pollutants as well as economic costs. This study could contribute to assessing the true economic feasibility of green technology, projects, and policy related with air pollutant reduction.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.363-379
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• 2014

In an effort to cope with recent high oil price and global warming, developments of air lubricated ships have been pursued to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to save fuel costs by reducing the frictional resistance. In this study, reduction in the frictional resistance by air lubrication with air layers generated on the lower surface of a flat plate was investigated experimentally in the large water tunnel of SSMB. The generated air layers were observed, and changes in the local frictional drag were measured at various flow rates of injected air. The results indicated that air lubrication with air layers might be useful in reducing the frictional resistance at specific conditions of air injection. Accordingly, resistance and self-propulsion tests for a 66K DWT bulk carrier were carried out in the towing tank of SSMB to estimate the expected net power savings.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.609-617
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• 2014

Lately there are many approaches for decreasing the retail prices for mobile telecommunication in response to higher demand of the consumer welfare. Related on this perspective, there have been many disputes how the MTR (mobile termination rate)s from the whole market has influences on the consumer prices at the retail market. Therefore, we need a timely review about the possibility of the reduction of retail prices with MTR policies. The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between MTR and retail prices. For this purpose, we can identify three kinds of arguments by reviewing the previous literatures. We empirically analyze the relationship with latest European data and Korean annual data. Furthermore, we also examine whether the relationship would depend on the competition structure. The results imply that decreasing MTR would result in reduction of the retail prices but the effect would be enhanced by improvement of market concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 1994

This study was carried out to get agronomic information about the tobacco culture in paddy soil where incidence of grey tobacco leaves used to appearly uptake of iron, manganese and chlorine due to soil acidity and high water level. Application of lime to paddy soil(pH5.4-5.6) reduced content of iron, manganese known as proceeding materials giving rise to variegated grey tobacco after curing, compared with non-treatment. Grey leaves were found mainly at lower and middle stalk positions, and incidence of grey tobacco was lowered by application of lime in the well drained field but was not affected by level of fertilizer application. Amendment of soil acidity by lime tended to decrease chlorine and manganese content in leaves. Nicotine and mangenese content of leaves were lowered by reduction of one-quarter fertilizer level. In case of lime treatment, increase of yield reached to 4-6% comparing with those of non-treatment but price per kg was not affected. Reduction of N fertilizer level to three-quarters had the equal yield but high quality of leaf comparing with standard fertilization in paddy field.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.169-188
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze willingness to pay (WTP) for organic agricultural products. To accomplish the objective of the study, a consumer survey was conducted. Based on the pilot survey results, parametric survival model was used to analyze the WTP for organic products. The estimation results showed that the WTP for organic agricultural products is 1.4-fold when compared with the conventional products, which is lower than the current price by about 30 percent. The analytical results also showed that such variables as gender, recognitions for organic agricultural products, and consumers' income have very significant effects on the WTP, and that there are no differences among WTPs by consumption goals. Based on major findings, the most effective countermeasure was suggested for expanding of organic food consumption through the premium reduction of organic products. Reducing the costs of production and distribution, supporting farmers' income by direct payment system were presented. Furthermore, it is needed to allocate more budget for promoting the consumption and distribution of organic agricultural products, and for enhancing conservation of agricultural environment.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.350-358
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• 2017

Recently, owing to increased interest in low-carbon energy supplies, renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics and wind turbines in distribution networks have received considerable attention for generating clean and unlimited energy. The presence of energy storage systems (ESSs) in the promising field of active distribution networks (ADNs) would have direct impact on power system problems such as encountered in probabilistic distributed generation (DG) model studies. Hence, the optimal procedure is offered herein, in which the simultaneous placement of an ESS, photovoltaic-based DG, and wind turbine-based DG in an ADN is taken into account. The main goal of this paper is to maximize the net present value of the loss reduction benefit by considering the price of electricity for each load state. The proposed framework consists of a scenario tree method for covering the existing uncertainties in the distribution network's load demand as well as DG. The collected results verify the considerable effect of concurrent installation of probabilistic DG models and an ESS in defining the optimum site of DG and the ESS and they demonstrate that the optimum operation of an ESS in the ADN is consequently related to the highest value of the loss reduction benefit in long-term planning as well. The results obtained are encouraging.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.187-190
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• 2009

Recently, automotive companies have invested in vehicle weight reduction and clean car development because of oil price rises and environmental problems. In particular, USA car makers have developed the vehicle spending 1 liter per 34km complying with PNGV(Partnership for a new generation of vehicle) and Europe car makers have developed the vehicle spending 3 liters per 100km. The USA government announced "The green car policy" in order to boost production of more fuel effective cars in 2009. According to the policy, it will be restricted to sell the car which spends more than 1 liter per 14.9km by 2020. To satisfy the current situations on automotive market, hydroforming technology has widely adapted vehicle structures such as engine cradle, chassis frame, A pillar, radiator support, etc. However, automotive companies have to consider formability and performance to improve and maximize the benefit from this technology in advance of detail design. The paper deals with one of the vehicle weight reduction methods using tube hydroforming technology and platform commonality in front suspension. FEA simulation is also introduced to evaluate hydro-formability and NVH performance at the beginning of design stage which is the best way to reduce the failure cost.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.135-159
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• 2001

This study analyses the energy consumption increase by using a physical production index (PPI) based decomposition method. The energy efficiency of the Korean industry deteriorated to a large extent in the 1992 to 1997 period. This outcome, however, does not contradict the result of a previous study that the physical energy intensities (measured by energy use per production unit) decreased in four Korean energy intensive industries such as steel, cement, petrochemical and pulp and paper in the same period. Although the physical energy intensities in four industries considered decreased significantly, the energy efficiency of the Korean industry deteriorated because the increase in the value-added production was smaller than that in the physical production except for the steel industry. This outcome suggests that the reduction in the physical energy intensity alone will not result in reducing the economic energy intensity, thereby reducing the increase in the energy consumption of the Korean industry. Therefore, it necessitates to restructure the Korean industry towards a higher value-added production and to strengthen energy efficiency improvement efforts in the Korean industry. As the overinvestment in the energy intensive industries caused a deep price fall of Korean products and a reduction of the value added of the Korean industry and with it an increase in the economic energy intensity, a decrease in this intensity will highly depend on reducing the overcapacity in the energy intensive industries which was partly responsible for the currency and economic crisis of 1997.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 2014

The production type of foundry industry is a small quantity batch production methods that require the highly skilled technology in the global competition in the variety of customer needs and directly under the influence of fluctuations characteristic. Therefore suitability for small quantity batch production and flexible production capacity and price competitiveness is needed more than anything. To do this, we need transcription and comprehensive innovation activities to maximize the revenue structure of the organization and field survival foundation should be developed the TPI(Total Profit Innovation) process in all aspects of the organization and all employees are involved in order to create a cost, quality, time, and service part of the overall aim how to achieve those effects within a short period of time. We applied the TPI process for S company in the foundry business innovation and productivity through cost reduction. We will expect the productivity improvement and financial performance improvement and then continually accumulate and review the results.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.373-389
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• 2009

The aims of this study are to examine urgent problems for reorganization into future-proof large purse seine fisheries in order to positively cope with rapidly changing domestic and foreign fisheries circumstances. First, this paper provides current situations of the large purse seine fisheries. The current situations of it are composed of fisheries influence such as vessel number, vessel power, and fisher number, use of resource and fishing places, and changes in products and sales of species caught by the large purse seine. Secondly, this paper reviews current problems of the large purse seine fisheries including cost reduction and increase of value added. Thirdly, this paper suggests basic development direction and countermeasures for strengthening competitiveness of the large purse seine fisheries. In conclusion, urgent problems of the larger purse seine fisheries can be summarized as inefficiency of distribution structures and retarded landing system and facilities as well as the worse of profitability according to shrink of fishing places, reduction of products, lack of workers, and increase in oil price. To solve the urgent problems, the large purse seine fisheries should be changed into an industry with low cost and high efficiency, and also need to introduce of new production system, strengthen autonomous management of natural resource, and increase in value added to products.