• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.969-977
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• 2016

Climate change affects the growth of crops which were planted especially in fields, and it becomes more important to use climate data to predict the yields of the major vagetables. The variation of the crop products caused by climate change is one of the significant factors for the discrepancy of the demand and supply, and leads to the price instability. In this paper, using a panel regression model, we predicted the garlic yields with the weather conditions of different regions. More specifically we used the panel data of the several climate variables for 15 main garlic production areas from 2006 to 2015. Seven variables (average temperature, average maximum temperature, average minimum temperature, average surface temperature, cumulative precipitation, average relative humidity, cumulative duration time of sunshine) for each month were considered, and most significant 7 variables were selected from the total 84 variables by the stepwise regression. The random effects model was chosen by the Hausman test. The average maximum temperature (January), the cumulative precipitation (March, October), the cumulative duration time of sunshine (April, October) were chosen among the variables as the significant climate variables of the model

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.338-344
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• 2011

This study aimed to identify the changes in the list of drugs covered by national health insurance(NHI) after the introduction of positive list system (PLS) in Korea in December, 2006. Six-year (pre-policy:2004-2006, post-policy:2007-2009) lists of the NHI reimbursable drugs filed from Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) were analyzed. The total number of listed drugs as well as drug ingredients, and the average number of listed drugs per manufacturer decreased annually after the introduction of PLS. More than 8,000 drugs were delisted in the year 2007 right after the policy change. Prescription-only drugs occupied more than 85% of NHI listed drugs. The percentage of oral type of listed drugs has been increased to more than 60% after the policy change. Korean pharmaceutical manufacturers occupied more than 90% of listed drugs than multinational firms. The gap between Korean and foreign manufacturer in terms of the average number of newly listed drugs per manufacturer in each year has decreased two years after the PLS (Korean 7.7 vs. foreign 6.3 in 2009) as the price negotiation power of foreign firms has increased. The total number of listed drugs is expected to decrease in the future as the Korean government makes an effort to delist the unnecessary drugs that do not show cost-effectiveness.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.36 no.1 s.67
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• pp.103-120
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• 2005

This study aims to examine the change of fish market(魚物市場) and inland brokers(客主, kaegju) on Gunsan(群山), (1899-1919). The increasement of productive capacity in the agriculture and the development of exchange economy in the late period of Chosun Dynasty activated the distribution of fishery products. As a result, the inland brokers who participated in the production and distribution of fishes grew largely. They made the basement of fishery modernization by providing the funds for the fisheries and making the national distribution network. But Japanese fishermen began to hold the domestic market as the Japan government supported legislatively and economically after the opening ports of Korea. On the contrary, the distribution of fishery products had the characteristics different from the production of some. The case of Gunsan which opened in 1899 showed these characteristics as Gunsan is a short distance from Kangkyung(江景), one of three biggest markets and was a base of fishery, That is to say, though the fishery merchants from Japan set up 'a fish market'(魚市場), they didn't hold the sales network on Gunsan, Because the inland brokers on Gunsan had a sales network and began the socio-economic movement. It goes without saying that the instability of price, the difficulties of charge and the racial taste difference in fish made the fish sales from Japan confronted with the difficulties. After Japanese Imperialism enforced the Company Law, the Market Regulation, the Chamber of Commerce Law before or after 1910, Korean inland brokers were disprited and Japanese 'fish market' began to grow largely. These phenomena appeared on Gunsan, too. Especially, the opening of a railway was the main factor which strengthened Japanese 'fish market'. After 1915, Japanese 'fish market' on Gunsan defeated the distribution network of inland brokers.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.19-36
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• 1992

The purpose of this paper is to analyze empirically the tendency of household consumption expenditure according to the change of social and economical condition, and the factor which influences consumption expenditure of urban household. The data used in analysis are time-series. The data are statistic form Urban Household Economy Survey published by the Economic Planning Board, dating form the first quarter of 1970 to the fourth quarter of 1989. The income of household and consumption expenditure materials were deflated as consumer price index to exclude the influence of prices and the influence of household composition are considered to deflated as the size of the household under assumption of homogeneity. The consumption expenditure items were categorized to 12 relatively large range items. The time-series data were analyzed by using the Two Stage Least Squares and the Ordinary Least Squares. The following is the result of analysis. 1) Rather than the income increase of previous years. the average income increase for two years influences more significantly on consumption expenditure of household. In the case of influence on consumption expenditure for each item by increase in disposable income, such categories as furniture and utensils. clothing and footwear, housing, medical care, culture and recreation, and transportation and communication have significant influence. 2) Among consumption expenditure categories, the increasing factors were furniture and utensils, and clothing and footwear. And the decreasing factors were housing, medical care, culture and recreation ,and transportation and communication. The relative prices, however, had significant influence on categories such as housing, furniture and utensils, medical care , culture and recreation, and transportation and communication and all of them were the decreation factors. 3) Among with changes of social and economical conditions, miscellaneous showed the highest increase in marginal propensity to consume and foods was the lowest. Also culture and recreation and housing brought up a great change of the income elasticity of demand.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.761-796
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to derive fuel mix of electricity generating system with the lowest cost considering energy security and climate change mitigations as the target of energy policy. Energy Security Price Index(ESPI), based on the measure of market concentration in fossil fuel market and political risk of exporting countries, is chosen to assess the level of energy security. The methodology of Energy Conservation Supply Curve(CSC) is applied to fuel mix to meet the carbon emission mitigation through increasing the alternatives participation and introduction of new technologies. These also represent an improvement on the level of energy security, having the complementarity between two objectives. The alternative measure for improving energy security is exploration and production(E&P) of fossil fuel for energy sufficiency. Fuel mix of electricity generating system to achieve certain objectives in 2020 can be derived with the lowest cost considering energy security and carbon emission mitigations.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.245-254
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• 2013

Korea government promote renewable energy as the core of their energy matrix to break the dependence and reduce greenhouse effects. This study analyzes the economic assessment of Solid Refuse Fuel project in urban area, considering the marginal external costs of air pollution in this area. Assessment index defined as costs (i.e., construction cost, operation cost) and benefit (margin, external cost) data which is located in Sudokwon landfill site. The result indicates that cost-benefit analysis of SRF is calculated as 1.0. In addition, SRF project is very sensitive about electric power selling price, operating cost and labor cost according to inflation rates. This study shows that the sustainability of SRF project is required the government financial support like investment funds as well as policy support. Variability analysis of SRF economic assessment due to renewable energy can be used for making policies in various fields such as waste and public energy field.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.271-280
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• 2012

The study aims to analyze economic viability of Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle, an innovative technology to utilize clean coal effectively and efficiently in the era of energy crisis. The study is conducted to evaluate business value of 300 MW IGCC demonstration plant technology development based on binomial option, in consideration of uncertainty of fuel price. Binomial option is one of the real option valuation methods, which is ideally suited to irreversible decision making under uncertainty. With this analysis, it shows that investment value is higher compared with economic evaluation based on discounted cash flow, since this method can measure quantity. As a result, this study is proved to be economically feasible, which have a positive impact on the next generation of IGCC and the connection with Carbon Capture and Storage.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.743-748
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• 2021

Amid the global population growth and climate change, high-tech smart farm technology that combines agriculture and ICT is actively being researched in Korea to solve sustainable crises such as declining population of agricultural and livestock industries. Existing smart farms are growing mainly on crops with low price competitiveness. Food consumption structures are becoming more sophisticated and diverse, and as agricultural consumption patterns change, the smart farm system also needs to be optimized for growing high-value special crops. To this end, an integrated ICT management system was designed and implemented by establishing a containerized smart farm environment specialized in growing sprout ginseng. Through this, it is possible to implement high-tech agricultural production and lead new future convergence industries through the convergence of ICT, agriculture, and the latest technologies and farming.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.419-427
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• 2021

Due to the effects of climate change and the reduction of the labor force due to COVID-19, the crop yield, harvest time, and cultivated area are rapidly changing every year. In order to respond flexibly to this situation, attempts to apply smart farm technology based on ICT (Information and Communication Technology) to individual farms are increasing. On the other hand, various stakeholders are trying to predict the yield of crops using artificial intelligence and IoT technology, but accurate prediction is difficult due to the lack of learning data. In this study, in order to overcome the data collection problem limited to a specific institution, a smart farmer service technology based on community mapping was developed in which farmers directly participate, input and share accurate data to predict production. In the process, analysis was performed on napa cabbage, which is a vegetable with a large price change compared to production.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.1D
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• pp.105-113
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• 2006

Construction cost index is generally used to estimate the new project cost based on past construction data and to adjust the contract cost when the price change of various articles and items of expenditure composing the contract occurs. In Korea, it is mostly used for modulation of construction contract cost due to fluctuation of prices. However the method for making cost index had some problems in calculating cost index of each expenditure item that could not properly reflect the change of construction cost. To supplement these problems, the research of developing construction cost index has been executed. Through the precedent research, these problems were partially resolved but still remain. Therefore this research proposes the method for making cost index that utilizes representative items of labor, material, equipment by analyzing bill of quantity of road construction, through analysis and comparison of precedent studies. By using this method, it is expected to solve the problems which were not reflected in preceeding studies.