• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.664-667
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• 2001

Segregation of binary particle systems in a horizontally gyrated bed has been experimentally studied to recover the heavy metals from municipal waste incineration (MWI) ash. Differences in density and size had less effect on segregation. Effective segregation took place under the centrifugal effect of 1 or less for any particle size ratio. Zn, Cu and Pb were concentrated in the upper side of bed by the horizontal vibration. However, there was less change in concentration for other metals such as Mg, Al and Fe etc. The separation system with the horizontal gyrating separator proved to be an effective method for the pretreatment of recovering Zn, Cu and Pb from incineration residues.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2007

Squid viscera oil was investigated by pretreatment method for enhancing the commercial value. Transeterification was performed to reduce rancidity of the oil, off-flavor was removed by using activated carbon adsorption. Analysis using ATD (Automatic Thermal Desorber) and GC/MG shows the efficacy of off-flavor removement. The rates of Transesterification employing inorganic catalyst and biocatalyst were tested, respectively. With stepwise addition of ethanol, the most efficiency of the reaction was achieved by inorganic catalyst. The efficiency of the reaction was estimated by acid value corresponding to rancidity of reaction product.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.619-624
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• 1998

A simple and reproducible pretreatment method was developed for the determination of dioxins in milk sample. Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) was used for the initial extraction of the analyte from milk. For the elimination of interferences coextracted from milk, acid treatment followed by multilayer silica gel, and then alumina column clean-up were performed. The clean extract could be obtained without carbon column or high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) clean-up procedure. Polychlorinated biphenyles (PCBS) and dioxins were separated on neutral alumina activated at 180 ℃ for 12 hours. The final extract was analyzed by HPLC and high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). The recovery of dioxins spiked in milk at 75-300 ppt level was 83.3-98.9% and their relative standard deviation was 4.1-14%.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.90-94
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• 2020

Interest in aspects of industrialization relating to human health has increased. Accordingly, the use of labels such as 'natural foods' and 'organic ingredients' has become more widespread, and greater emphasis is being placed on improving quality of life. Water is an essential element for human life, and water quality has a significant impact on human health. However, technology that can precisely determine the substances present in water is still lacking. This study was conducted to establish a complete mass spectrometry process, from pretreatment to analysis, to measure and characterize natural organic matter (NOM) in Korean spring water samples. Salts and other matrices were removed from the samples using solid-phase extraction (SPE) with two different columns (PPL and C18). After establishing an accurate analysis method, the experimental results were evaluated based on Van Krevelen diagrams and analysis of molar O/C and H/C ratios. The method for characterizing NOM introduced herein should facilitate evaluation of water quality.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.204-208
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• 2001

A technique for detection of Bacillus in soil and waste water treatment system was developed. Mixed col- tured solutions of 22 Bacillus strains were applied for selection of probe and pretreatment method for FISHAmong the three probes known as useful tool for FISH method,S-G-Bacill-0597-a-A-22 was best for detec-tion of Bacillus. Ninety five percent of DAPl count was observed with FISH method with S-G-Bacill-0597-a-A-22 probe. For increasing the permeability to Bacillus cell walls, pretreatment with lysozyme was betterthan that with lysozyme and SDS/DTT (dithiothreitol). Bacillus spore was not detected with FISH. So, Bacil-lus detection in ecosystem requires FISH with pretreatment of lysozyme and spore staining.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.731-735
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• 2000

The acid digestion bomb pretreatment method for the determination of antimony in a commercial fire retardant material sample (DBDPE-$Sb_2O_3$) was studied. DBDPE-$Sb_2O_3$ sample was digested with $H_2SO_4:HCl$(1:2) mixture in digestion bomb at $220^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs. and antimony was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Recovery of 99.6-99.8% and C.V. of 0.94-1.07% for Sb was obtained for spiked real samples. In the present method, the analytical results obtained for antimony were 40.3 and 36.3% (w/w), respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.902-907
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• 2000

Protamine-strong basic protein was prepared from salmon(chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta) sperm by several pretreatment method. And there were determined yield, amino acid composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of protamine on each pretreatment condition. The yield of protamine was different according to pretreatment, and ultrasonicating, homogenizing and microwaving pretreatment were about 16.0%, 15.5% and 10%, respectively. The main amino acid of P60(microwaving pretreatment for 10 min at $80^{\circ}C$) and UU6(ultrasonicating pretreatment for 60 min at $20^{\circ}C$) were arginine, proline and tryptophan, and arginine content of P60 and UU6 were 61%, 53%, respectively. On the other hand, main amino acid of M(homogenizing pretreatment by mixer) were methionine, proline and arginine, the content were 34%, 28% and 11%, respectively. Also MC(homogenizing pretreatment with $H_{2}SO_{4}$ soln. by mixer) was very different with P60, UU6 and M, the content of MC were proline 44.8% and arginine 39.7%. Prepared protamines showed antimicrobial activity to several gram(+) and gram(-) strain. In particular, the UU6 and P60 protamine has strong antimicrobial activity to Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, and the activity was increased with concentration increasing. Regardless of pretreatment method, all protamine showed antioxidant activity and the $EDA_{50}$ of P60, UU6, M and MC were $101\;{\mu}g/mL$, $410\;{\mu}g/mL$, $523\;{\mu}g/mL$ and $490\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively.

• Journal of Information Display
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2001

We suggested new PDP packaging technology using the direct joint method, which does not need an exhausting hole and tube. The advantages of this method are simple process, short process time and time panel package. To packaging, we drew the seal line of glass frit by dispenser followed by forming the lump, which provide pumping-out path during the packaging process. And, we have performed a pretreatment of glass frit to reduce the out-gases. After which, both front and rear glass plates were aligned and loaded into vacuum packaging chamber. The 4-inch monochrome AC-PDP was successfully packaged and fully emitted with brightness of 1000 $cd/m^2$. Also, glass frit properties for pretreatment condition was investigated by AES and SEM analyses.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2011

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of producing bioethanol from yellow poplar ($Liriodendron$ $tulipifera$) wood chips by oxalic acid pretreatment and to examine the pretreatment conditions by response surface methodology (RSM). Based on $2^3$ factorial design, adjusted variables were reaction temperature ($^{\circ}C$), residence time (min), and acid loading (g/g), and a series of distinct 15 experimental conditions was organized with duplication at central point (total 16 performances). After pretreatment, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was subjected on solid fraction with yeast strain $Pichia$ $stipitis$. Maximum ethanol yields of the most samples were measured at 72 hours and applied to RSM as a dependent variable. 9.7 g/${\ell}$ of ethanol was produced from the solid pretreated at $180^{\circ}C$ for 40 min with 0.013 g/g of oxalic acid loading. According to the response surface methodology, it was determined that the temperature is the most governing factor via statistic analysis.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.593-598
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• 2009

In this study, the qualitative and quantitative analytical method for petroleum marker(Unimark 1494DB) in common diesel involved kerosene and byproduct fuel was developed using SPE pretreatment and high performance liquid chromatography. In SPE pretreatment process, the highest concentrated marker was obtained 15 minutes after addition of petroleum sample. The petroleum marker was detected with $1626.92mV{\cdot}sec$ intensity at 9.8 minutes retention time in 1 mg/L content in petrodiesel after pretreatment. Also petroleum marker was selectively identified in an acidic petroleum product which was previously difficult to be analyzed by UV-Vis Spectroscopy.