• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.228-235
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• 1992

연구배경 : 다형핵구는 폐조직세포들을 방어하는데도 중요한 역할을 하지만, 방어기전을 수행하는 과정에서 오히려 폐조직세포들의 손상을 초래하기도 한다. 그러나 다형핵구에 의한 폐조직세포 손상이, 폐조직세포들에 대한 다형핵구의 직접적인 세포득성작용에 의한 것인지, 혹은 다형핵구로부터 유리되는 어떤 세포독성 매개물질에 의한 것인치에 대해서는 아직 불확실하다. 한편 histamine은 알레르기성 질환 및 일부 호흡기질환의 병인에 중요한 매개물질로 작용하기도 하지만, 다형핵구의 여러 기능들을 조절하는 작용도 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 저자를온 다형핵구에 의한 폐조직세포의 손상기전을 보다 명확히 이해하고, 이에 대한 히스타민의 영향을 연구하기 위해 본 연구를 시작하였다. 방법 : $^{51}Cr$을 부착시킨 A549 폐포세포와 4명의 건강한 비흡연자들의 말초 정맥혈로부터 분리한 다형핵구 혹은 다형핵구 상충액을 함께 배양하여 발생되는 폐포세포 손상정도를 $^{51}Cr$-release assay로 측정하여 비교하는 한편, 각각의 경우에 다형핵구를 histamine으로 전처치함으로써 나타나는 변화를 관찰하였다. 결과 : 1) 세포자극제의 종류와 농도 및 전처치한 히스타민의 농도에 따라 다소 차이는 있었지만, 전반적으로 다형핵구 자체에 의한 폐포세포 손상 정도보다는, 다형핵구상충액에 의한 폐포세포 손상 정도가 더 심한 경향을 보였다. 2) Histamine으로 전처치한 다형핵구 자체에 의한 폐포세포 손상 정도는, HBSS만으로 전처치한 다형핵 자체에 의한 폐포세포 손상 정도에 비해, 전처치한 histamine의 농도와 다형핵구 자극제의 종류 및 농도에 따라 억제 혹은 증강되는 일정치 않은 양상을 나타냈다. 3) Histamine으로 전처치한 다형핵구의 상층액에 의한 폐포세포 손상 정도는, HBSS만으로 전처치한 다형핵구의 상층액에 의한 폐포세포 손상 정도에 비해, 전반적으로 억제되는 경향이 있었다. 결론 : 이상의 연구결과 다형핵구에 의한 폐세포 손상은, 다형핵구의 폐포세포에 대한 직접적인 세포독성 작용보다는 활성화된 다형핵구로부터 분비되는 어떤 세포독성 물질들에 의해 매개되는 것으로 생각되며, histamine은 정상적으로는 다형핵구의 세포독성작용을 억제하나, 다형핵구와 폐포세포간의 상호작용시에는 주위의 미세환경에 따라 다르게 작용할 수도 있을 것으로 추측된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제36권2호통권141호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2005

This research was performed to investigate the protective effect of Chungpesagan-tang (CST) from hypoxia/reperfusion induced-PC12 cell damage. To elucidate the mechanism of the protective effect of CST, cell viability, changes in activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, caspase 3 and the production of malondialdehyde were observed after treating PC12 cells with CST which was metabolized by rat liver homogenate. Pretreatment of CST with liver homogenate appeared to increase its protective effect against hypoxia/reperfusion insult. The result showed that CST exhibited the highest protective effect against hypoxia/reperfusion at the dose of $1\;{\mu}g/ml$ in PC12 cells, probably by recovering the redox enzyme activities and MDA to control level.

• 약학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2005

The protective effect of Yangguksanwha-tang (YST) against hypoxia-reperfusion insult was investigated in PC12 cells. To elucidate the mechanism of the protective effect of YST, cell viability, the changes in activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, caspase 3 and the production of malondialdehyde were observed after treating PC12 cells with YST which was metabolized by rat liver homogenate. Pretreatment of YST with liver homogenate appeared to increase its protective effect against hypoxia-reperfusion insult. The result showed that YST had the highest protective effect against hypoxia/reperfusion at the dose of $2\;{\mu}g/ml$ in PC12 cells, probably by recovering the redox enzyme activities and MDA to control level.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.94.1-94.1
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• 2003

This research was performed to investigate the protective effect of Chungpesagan-tang (CPS) against ischemic damage in PC12 cells. To elucidate the mechanism of the protective effect of CPS on ischemic insult, cell viability and changes in activities of Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione Peroxidase, Catalase, Caspase 3 and the production of Malondialdehyde were observed after treating PC12 cells with CPS which was metabolized by rat liver homogenate. Pretreatment of CPS with liver homogenate increased its protective effect against ischemic insult by reducing the harmful effect of CPS itself. (omitted)

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.730-736
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• 1998

To elucidate whether or not innervation of purinergic nerve and functional action of $P_{2X}$-, $P_{2Y}$-purinoceptor, the neurogenic effects of perivascular nerve stimulation were investigated using by physiograph recording system in isolated coronary artery of pig. 1. The contractile responses induced by perivascular nerve stimulation (20V, 0.5msec, 20sec) were the frequency (2~64Hz) dependent manner. 2. The neurogenic contractile responses induced by perivascular nerve stimulation were inhibited by the pretreatment with either ATP or adenosine ($10^{-7}{\sim}10^{-4}M$). 3. The neurogenic contractile responses induced by perivascular nerve stimulation (20V, 16Hz, 0.5msec, 20sec) were increased by the pretreatment with reactive blue 2, but were not affected by the pretreatment with 8-phenyltheopylline ($10^{-5}M$). 4. The neurogenic contractile responses induced by perivascular nerve stimulation (20V, 16Hz, 0.5msec, 20sec) were inhibited by the desensitization of the P2X-purinoceptor using by treatment of $10^{-5}M$, -methylene ATP as 3 times over again. The accomplished present study on isolated coronary artery of pig suggest that purinergic nerve is innervated and that the neurogenic contractile response was mediated by activation of $P_{2X}$-purinoceptor and the neurogenic relaxative response was mediated by activation of both $P_1$ and $P_{2Y}$-purinoceptor.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.95-111
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• 2012

Objective : The water extract of Danguiyonghoihwan (DGYHW) has been traditionally used in treatment of tinnitus in Oriental Medicine. However, little is known about the mechanism by which DGYHW rescues auditory neuronal cells from injury damages. Therefore, in this study I effort to elucidate the mechanism of the cytoprotective effect of the DGYHW extract on glutamate-induced auditory sensorineuronal cell death. Methods : I determined the elevated cell viability by DGYHW extract on glutamate-induced auditory sensorineuronal cell death. Glutamate induced neuronal damage in oranotypic explant culture also, glutamate decreased cell viability on VOT-33 cells but pretreatment with DGYHW inhibited cell death. Results : One of the main mediator of glutamate-induced cytotoxicity was known to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pretreatment with DGYHW inhibited this ROS generation from glutamated-stimulated VOT-33 cells. Also, I identified that the ROS-induced DCF-DA green fluorescence is reduced by DGYHW pretreatment. The critical markers of apoptotic cell death were cleavages of procaspase-3 protease protein. So I checked the expression level and cleavage of procaspase-3 protease protein. Glutamate-treated VOT-33 cells were shown to have cleavage of procaspase-3 protease proteins and following reduction of expression of these proteins. But I found that pre-treatment with DGYHW protects glutamate-induced changes of biochemical marker protein, caspase-3. Conclusion : These findings indicated that DGYHW may prevent cell death from glutamate induced VOT-33 cell death by inhibiting the ROS generation and modulation of protein expressions in procaspase-3, catalase and Bcl-2.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.193-199
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• 1998

To elucidate the mechanism involved in the cerebral vascular spasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), the effects of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from the SAH patients on the resting tension and its influence on the contractile responses to various vasoactive agents and to hypoxia were investigated in isolated porcine cerebral arteries. All the CSFs containing hemoglobin (Hb) produced contraction and some Hb-free CSFs also elicited contraction. When the Hb-free CSF was separated by microfilter, the filtrate of ＜30,000 MW did not produce contraction, while the fraction above 30,000 MW elicited more marked contractile responses than the unfractionated CSF. The CSF contraction was significantly attenuated in the presence of indomethacin or nimodipine, whereas the contractions induced by KCl, prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ ($PGF_{2{\alpha}}$), or endothelin-1 (ET-1) were not affected by the CSF pretreatment. However, the contractile responses induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and phenylephrine (PE) were markedly potentiated by the pretreatment. Hypoxia-induced vasoconstriction was significantly potentiated by the pretreatment with either unfractionated CSF or the CSF fraction of above 30,000 MW. These results suggest that unknown vasocontractile substance(s) exists in the Hb-free CSF and that the substance, with its MW above 30,000, is activated by hypoxia and acts synergistically with 5-HT and PE, and that extracellular calcium influx and cyclooxygenase are also involved in the cerebral vasoconstrictory effect of Hb-free CSF.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.239-244
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• 2003

Recently, we reported (J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr, 31(3): 516-520, 2002) that Semisulcospira libertina (Marsh Snail) pretreatment has a hepatoprotective effect on $CCl_4$-induced liver damage in rats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible mechanisms of hepatoprotection by S. libertina (SL) on liver injury induced by acetaminophen (AA). Male ICR mice were pretreated with dehydrated powder of SL once daily for three consecutive days, given a single toxic dose of AA (450 mg/kg) and liver function determined 24 h later. Liver damage was assessed by quantifying serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activities, and by measuring hepatic lipid peroxidation. To confirm possible mechanism(s), the content of hepatic glutathione (GSH) and gene expression of tumor necrosis factor a (TNF $\alpha$) mRNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) were also measured. Pretreatment with SL dramatically lowered AA-elevated ALT, AST and SDH activities. SL pretreatment decreased AA-produced lipid peroxidation by 11% and restored the AA-depleted hepatic GSH by 27%. Furthermore, SL markedly suppressed the expression of TNF $\alpha$ mRNA induced by AA. Our findings revealed that the possible hepatoprotective mechanisms of SL could be attributed, at least in part, to the glutathione-mediated detoxification as well as the regulation of TNF $\alpha$ mRNA expression.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.395-400
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• 2001

동결건조묵을 인스탄트화 하기 위하여 당용액으로 전처리한 것과 무처리 한 것을 동결건조하여 건조물의 재수화특성과 품질특성을 비교해 보았다. 당용액(sucrose)에 침지하여 전처리한 묵의 재수화 효율은 무처리가 가장 높았고 당침지의 경우는 60%, 40%, 20% 순으로 낮아졌으며 온도의 영향은 당용액의 농도와는 관계없이 $90^{\circ}C$에서 가장 우수하였다. 수분흡수속도상수 또한 온도가 증가할수록 높은 값을 보였으며 무처리가 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 당용액으로 전처리한 묵의 표면색도는 전처리에 따라 큰 차이가 없었으나 조직특성은 재수화온도가 높을수록 낮은 값을 보였으며 당용액에 전처리했을 경우 60%처리구가 시판묵과 비슷한 품질 특성을 보여 품질손상을 억제하였다. 관능검사결과도 60%처리구와 무처리구가 높게 평가되었으나 재수화 효율면에서는 무처리가 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.209-225
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• 2001

Recently many efforts were focused to understand the mechanical insights of melanogenesis to develop the agents for hyper-pigmentation and hypo-pigmentation. In the melanin biosynthetic pathway, tyrosinase is the rate limiting enzyme, and ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone(MSH) or cAMP-elevating agents stimulate melanogenesis and enhance the melanin synthesis and the tyrosinase activity. The author has analyzed the effects of Radix Trichosanthis on the basal melanogenic activities of B16/F10 mouse melanoma cells, and on the ${\alpha}$-MSH or forskolin-induced melanogenesis. Radix Trichosanthis alone markedly suppressed melanin content and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment of the cells with Radix Trichosanthis also suppressed the increase of ${\alpha}$-MSH (10 nM) or forskolin (20${\mu}M$)-induced melanin content and tyrosinase activity. The decrease in the tyrosinase activity was paralled by a decrease in the abundance of tyrosinase protein and tyrosinase promoter activity. Pretreatment of the cells with Radix Trichosanthis also inhibited the increase of forskolin($20{\mu}M$) induced the amount of tyrosinase protein and tyrosinase promoter activity. The results of DOPA staining revealed that pretreatment of the cells with Radix Trichosanthis showed less intensity than B16 melanoma cells stimulated with ${\alpha}$- MSH or forskolin. These results suggest that Radix Trichosanthis inhibits melanogenesis and abrogates ${\alpha}-MSH and cAMP-induced melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells.