• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5849-5855
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• 2012

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine pretreatment effects of moderate-term endurance training before the various dosages (10 and $20{_{mg.kg}}^{-1}$) of DOX on a heat shock protein ($HSP_{70kda}$) and cardiotoxicity in heart tissue. Methods: Forty-eight male rats were randomly assigned to nontraining (NT) and training (T) groups and three subgroups; $DOX{_{10mg.kg}}^{-1}$ and $DOX{_{20mg.kg}}^{-1}$ and saline treatment. The training program included treadmill running between 25-39 min/day and 15-17 m/min, 5 days/wk for 3 wk. Result: DOX administration, in particularly with $20{_{mg.kg}}^{-1}$, caused up-regulation of oxidants and cardiac damage (MDA, CK, CPK-MB and CK/CPK-MB) and down-regulation of cardioprotection ($HSP_{70}$, SOD) markers, as compared to NT+saline group. Pretreatment effect of treadmill running endurance exercise in the presence of DOX with $10{_{mg.kg}}^{-1}$ caused a significant increase in $HSP_{70}$, SOD and a significant decrease in MDA and insignificant decrease in CK, CPK-MB and CK/CPK-MB, in comparison $T+DOX_{10}$ with $NT+DOX_{10}$ group. However, there was no significant difference between $T+DOX{_{10mg.kg}}^{-1}$ and $T+DOX{_{20mg.kg}}^{-1}$ in the aforesaid markers. Conclusion: Dox-induced cardiotoxicity is related to oxidative stress. Our study suggests that pretreatment with endurance exercise may be considered as a potentially useful strategy to improve myocardial tolerance against single dose DOX-induced oxidative damage.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.301-306
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• 1992

The influence of phenobarbital (PB) pretreatment (75 mg/kg/day, i.p. for 4 days) on the metabolite kinetics of diltiazem (DTZ) was studied in rats in order to elucidate the effect of esterase induced by PB on the formation of DTZ to desacetyldiltiazem (DAD), DAD was injected via portal vein (3 mg/kg) to the control and PB-pretreated rats, The intrinsic hepatic clearance of DAD was significantly increased by PB pretreatment and the absolute bioavailability of DAD was significantly decreased in the PB-pretreated rats. According to the hepatic biotransformation model of DTZ, the fraction of systemic clearance of DTZ which forms DAD $(G_{mi})$ was different from that of DTZ which furnishes the available DAD to the systemic circulation $(F_{mi})$ in control rats. This result shows that DTZ was suspected of the sequential hepatic first-pass metabolism. On the other hand, PB pretreatment enhanced the $G_{mi}$ value of DTZ by 44%. It may be concluded that the deacetylation of DTZ to DAD in rats is increased by the esterase induced by PB but the transfer rate of DAD immediately formed from DTZ into systemic circulation is not affected by PB due to the 27% decreased absolute bioavailability of DAD resulting from PB pretreatment.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1993.09a
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• pp.84-93
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• 1993

It has been reported that ginseng is effective in the central nervous system, immune system, and the strong inflammatory responses. However, there has been no research report yet about the effect of ginseng on allergic hypersensitivity reactivity. To confirm the ginseng effects on the release of mediators(histamine. leukotrienes etc.) which cause the hypersensitivity reactivity and inflammatory response, we used actively sensitized guinea pig airway tissues by utilizing the superfusion technique. In this procedure. the contractile response and mediators released after antigen stimulation of sensitized tissues, and IgG and IgE antibody products were measured in sera of immunized animals. Then the results of the controll group were compared to those of ginseng pretreatment groups. In the total saponin(TS) and panaxatriol(PT) pretreatment, histamine release decreased by $20\%$ in the tracheal tissues after active sensitization by ovalbumin(OVA, 10mg/kg), but in the lung parenchyma, histamine release decreased by $40\%.$ Panaxadiol(PD) significantly decreased histamine release by $40\%$ in the both tissues after active sensitization. TS, PT and PD of ginseng poorly blocked leukotrienes (LTs) and prostagrandin $D_2(PGD_2)$ release(less than $10\%$). Ginseng TS and PT had no effect on the serum IgG antibody production by ovalbumin, whereas PD significantly increased serum IgG antibody contents(approximately by 2 times). However, $IgG_1$ antibody products in the serum of guinea pig actively sensitized with ovalbumin after PD pretreatment were decreased, compared to that with ovalbumin alone. IgE antibody production by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA) titer in the TS pretreatment increased 3 times more than in the absence of TS(PCA titer by PT was not detected). These studies show that some ginseng saponins can in part act to inhibit mediator release in antigen - induced airway smooth muscle by inducing the IgG antibody production which has been changed in the specificity.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.168-173
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• 2006

To investigate the effect of grapefruit seed extract pretreatment and packaging materials on the quality of dried persimmon, dried persimmons were stored for $60{\sim}100$ days at room temperature $(15^{\circ}C)$ after dipping in grapefruit seed extract and then packing with LDPE (low density polyethylene) film and Nylon/LDPE film pouch $(30{\times}30cm^2)$. Weight loss of dried persimmon packaged with Nylon/LDPE film was not exceeded 86% of control. 60% mold occurrence and 50% browness were observed compared to control. There were no significant differences in the firmness, soluble solid content and color between grapefruit seed extract pretreatment and control. Grapefruit seed extracts pretreatment had an effect on the inhibition of color change in Hunters value.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.6-14
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• 2010

Pretreatment of cellulosic biomass is necessary before enzymatic saccharification and fermentation. Extrusion is a well established process in food industries and it can be used as a physicochemical treatment method for cellulosic biomass. Aqueous ammonia soaking treatment at mild temperatures ranging from 60 to $80^{\circ}C$ for longer reaction times has been used to preserve most of the cellulose and hemicellulose in the biomass. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of extrusion treatment on aqueous ammonia soaking method. Extrusion was performed with miscanthus sample conditioned to 2mm of particle size and 20% of moisture content at $200^{\circ}C$ of barrel temperature and 175rpm of screw speed. And then aqueous ammonia soaking was performed with 15%(w/w) ammonia solution at $60^{\circ}C$ for 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 hours on the extruded and raw miscanthus samples respectively. In the combined extrusion-soaking treatment, most compositions removal occurred within 1~2 hours and on a basis of 1 hour soaking treatment values, cellulose was recovered about 85% and other compositions, including hemicellulose, are removed about 50% from extruded miscanthus sample. The combined extrusion-soaking treated and soaking only treated samples were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase and ${\beta}$-glucosidase. The enzymatic digestibility value of combined extrusion-2 hours soaking treated sample was comparable to 12 hours soaking only treated sample. It means that extrusion treatment can shorten the conventional long reaction time of aqueous ammonia soaking. The findings suggest that the combination of extrusion and soaking is a promising pretreatment method to solve both problems for no lignin removal of extrusion and long reaction time of aqueous ammonia soaking.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.121-130
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• 1999

Oriental medicine prescription has been used for the treatment of various clinical symptoms associated with cerebral apoplexy. However, single herb drug does not used cerebral apoplexy and there mechanisms of action have not been defined, and it is not yet known what effects they have on the hemodynamics of cerebral circulation. The study was aimed to investigate the effect batryticatus bombycis(BB) on the vascular systems including changes in blood pressure (BP), and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and of male Sprague-Dawely rats. The changes in rCBF were determinated by laser-Doppler flowmetry. 1. Blood pressure was not affected by BB in rats. 2. rCBF was increased by BB in a dose-dependent manner. 3. Pretreatment with methylene blue(1mg/kg), and propranolol(1mg/kg) did not inhibited BB induced increased in rCBF. 4. Pretreatment with propranolol(1mg/kg) was increased by BB in a dose-dependent manner in blood perssure. 5. Pretreatment with ODQ($10{\mu}g/kg$) and L-NNA(1mg/kg) were inhibited BB induced increased in rCBF. 6. Pretreatment with L-NNA(1mg/kg) was increased rCBF in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that BB causes a diverse response of blood pressure and regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF). The increased in rCBF is also mediated by nitric oxide synthease and guanylate cyclase.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.753-761
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• 1998

Preconditioning of a heart with small doses of catecholamines induces a tolerance against the subsequent lethal ischemia. The present study was performed to find a specific receptor pathway involved with the catecholamine preconditioning and to test if adenosine plays a role in this cardioprotective effect. Isolated rat hearts, pretreated with small doses of ${\alpha}-\;or\;{\beta}-adrenergic$ agonists/antagonists, were subjected to 20 minutes ischemia and 20 minutes reperfusion by Langendorff perfusion method. Cardiac mechanical functions, lactate dehydrogenase and adenosine release from the hearts were measured before and after the drug treatments and ischemia. In another series of experiments, adenosine $A_1\;or\;A_2$ receptor blockers were treated prior to administration of adrenergic agonists. Pretreatments of a ${\beta}-agonist,\;isoproterenol(10^{-9}{\sim}10^{-7}\;M)$ markedly improved the post-ischemic mechanical function and reduced the lactate dehydrogenase release. Similar cardioprotective effect was observed with an ?-agonist, phenylephrine pretreatment, but much higher $concentration(10^{-4}\;M)$ was needed to achieve the same degree of cardioprotection. The cardioprotective effects of isoproterenol and phenylephrine pretreatments were blocked by a ${\beta}_1-adrenergic$ receptor antagonist, atenolol, but not by an ${\alpha}_1-antagonist,$ prazosin. Adenosine release from the heart was increased by isoproterenol, and the increase was also blocked by atenolol, but not by prazosin. A selective $A_1-adenosine$ receptor antagonist, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentyl xanthine (DPCPX) blocked the cardioprotection by isoproterenol pretreatment. These results suggest that catecholamine pretreatment protects rat myocardium against ischemia and reperfusion injury by mediation of ${\beta}_1-adrenergic$ receptor pathway, and that adenosine is involved in this cardioprotective effect.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 1985

The present study was undertaken to investigate the possible effect of ginseng butanol fraction on the hepatic acetaldehyde metabolism. Experimental animals were used for the subject of the study. When, in case of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (Ald DH), ginseng butanol fraction was added, enzyme activity was increased in a small dose, while, in a large dose, it showed inhibitory effect. In terms of kinetic aspect, ginseng butanol fraction has the effect to decrease the Km values of Ald DH. In vivo studies, the activity of Aid DH increased by induction of acute intoxication of ethanol was further increased through pretreatment with ginseng butanol fraction. When ginseng butanol fraction was given to mice fed with 5% ethanol instead of water for 60 days, the activity of Ald DH in mitochondrial fraction decreased to about 35% in chronic alcoholism, but after pretreatment of ginseng butanol fraction the activity was restored to the control level. By the pretreatment with disulfiram, the Ald DH activity was inhibited in normal and alcohol-treated groups, but after the treatment with ginseng butanol fraction the activity was restored to the control level. The results suggest that ginseng butanol fraction enhance the Ald DH activity inhibited by the treatment of disulfiram with no relation to NAD. It was observed that ginseng butanol fraction markedly decrease the acetaldehyde levels in plasma and liver. All these observations suggested that reduction of acetaldehyde in blood and liver should be dependent upon increased activity of mitochonclrial Ald DH. It is concluded that the recovery from alcohol intoxication should be prompted by treatment with ginseng.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.225-230
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• 2001

Background: Opioids such as morphine are widely used in the treatment for pain, but chronic treatment with morphine can be complicated by the development of tolerance. The mechnisms of tolerance were still not completely understood, but recently it has been reported that NOS inhibitors can prevent development of morphine tolerance in animals. The present study accessed the possible role of supraspinal NO on antinociceptive effect of morphine in morphine tolerance using a highly specific inhibitor of the neuronal isoform of NOS, 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl) imidazole (TRIM). Methods: Thirty two male SD rats (300 g) were prepared with intracerebroventricular (icv) and IV cannulae. We administrated IV morphine, 3 mg/kg, daily for 4 days, resulting in tolerance. On the fifth day, a challenge dose of morphine, 3 mg/kg, was administered following pretreatment with icv TRIM, $10{\mu}g$. We also evaluated the antinociceptive effect of icv TRIM alone and the effect on a single dose of morphine (3 mg/kg) in morphine nave rats. Antinociception from morphine was determined by response to intraplantar injection of 5% formalin $100{\mu}l$ was qualified as the number of flinches in the first 0-10 min (first phase), 10-40 min Phase IIa, and 40-60 min (Phase IIb). Results: Pretreatment with icv TRIM significantly enhanced the antinociceptive effects of systemically administered morphine in morphine tolerant rats. The antinociceptive effect of morphine in opioid nave rats was also significantly increased by pretreatment with icv TRIM. Conclusions: Our results further support the hypothesis that supraspinal NO modulates morphine-sensitive nociceptive process in morphine tolerance due to chronic intravenous administration.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.4885-4890
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• 2015

Background: Helicobacter pylori plays an important role in gastric cancer and typical eradication regimens are no longer effective in many countries, including Thailand. The aim of our study was to compare the effect of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Streptococcus thermophillus on tailored triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Materials and Methods: This prospective single-center study was conducted in Thailand. Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis patients were randomized to 2 groups: group 1 (n=100) was tailored triple therapy with placebo (esomeprazole 20 mg bid, clarithromycin 500 mg bid or metronidazole 400 mg tid if clarithromycin resistance and amoxicillin 1000 mg bid), and group 2 was tailored triple therapy plus pretreatment with probiotic containing yogurt. Successful eradication was defined as both negative histology and negative rapid urease test at four weeks after treatment. Results: A total of 200 infected patients were enrolled. PP analysis involved 194 patients: 96 in the tailored triple therapy with placebo group (group 1) and 98 the in tailored triple therapy plus pretreatment with probiotic containing yogurt group (group 2). Successful eradication was observed in 170 (87.6%) patients; by PP analysis, the eradication rate was significantly higher in group 2 (P = 0.04, 95%CI; 0.02-0.13) than in group 1. ITT analysis also showed that the value was significantly higher in the tailored triple threapy plus pretreatment with probiotic containing yogurt group (group 2) (89/100; 89%) than in the tailored triple therapy with placebo group (group 1) (P= 0.01, 95%CI; 0.04-0.15). In terms of adverse events, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: Pretreatment with probiotic containing yogurt can improve Helicobacter pylori eradication rates with tailored triple therapy. Adding probiotics does not reduce adverse effects of the medication.