• 설비공학논문집
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.835-845
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• 1999

The objective of the present study was to investigate heat and mass transfer characteristics in a vertical falling film type absorber using LiBr-$H_2O$ solution with 6owt%. The experimental apparatus consisted of an absorber with inner diameter of 17.2 mm and length of 1150mm, a generator, an evaporator/condenser, a solution tank, a sampling trap etc. The parameters were solution temperature of 45 and $50^{\circ}C$, coolant temperature of 30 and $35^{\circ}C$, and film Reynolds numbers from 50 to 150. Pressure drop in the absorber increased as solution and coolant temperatures decreased. Pressure drop in the absorber increased up to the film Reynolds number of 90, and then decreased at the further increase of the Reynolds number above 90. The maximum absorption mass flux observed at the film Reynolds number of 90. Absorption mass flukes increased as coolant temperature decreased. Absorption mass fluxes and heat transfer coefficients under subcooled condition were larger than those under superheated condition. Heat transfer coefficients were affected by solution temperature more than coolant temperature. The maximum absorption effectiveness under the subcooled condition was 23% for coolant temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ and 31% for coolant temperature of $35^{\circ}C$ under the present experimental conditions.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.841-848
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• 2009

A simple model to analyze non-linear density-wave instability in a sodium-cooled helically coiled steam generator is developed. The model is formulated with three regions with moving boundaries. The homogeneous equilibrium flow model is used for the two-phase region and the shell-side energy conservation is also considered for the heat flux variation in each region. The proposed model is applied to the analysis of two-phase instability in a JAEA (Japan Atomic Energy Agency) 50MWt No.2 steam generator. The steady state results show that the proposed model accurately predicts the six cases of operating temperatures on the primary and secondary sides. The sizes of three regions, the secondary side pressure drop according to the flow rate, and the temperature variation in the vertical direction are also predicted well. The temporal variations of the inlet flow rate according to the throttling coefficient, the boiling and superheating boundaries and the pressure drop in the two-phase and superheating regions are obtained from the unsteady analysis.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.265-274
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• 2024

The current research focuses on the development of a numerical approach to forecast strongly subcooled flow boiling of FC-72 as the refrigerant in various vertical minichannel shapes for high-heat-flux cooling applications. The simulations are carried out using the Volume of Fluid method with the Lee phase change model, which revealed some inherent flaws in multiphase flows that are primarily due to an insufficient interpretation of shearlift force on bubbles and conjugate heat transfer against the walls. A user-defined function (UDF) is used to provide specific information about this noticeable effect. The influence of shape and the inlet mass fluxes on the flow patterns, heat transfer, and pressure drop characteristics are discussed. The computational results are validated with experimental measurements, where excellent agreements are found that prove the efficiency of the present numerical model. The findings demonstrate that the heat transfer coefficient decreases as the mass flux increases and that the constriction design improves the thermal performance by 24.68% and 10.45% compared to the straight and expansion shapes, respectively. The periodic constriction sections ensure good mixing between the core and near-wall layers. In addition, a slight pressure drop penalty versus the thermal transfer benefits for the two configurations proposed is reported.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2013

본 연구는 타원형 핀-튜브 열교환기에 대해 AR, 피치, 와류발생기의 위치, 튜브 표면의 돌기형상에 따른 열전달계수 및 압력강하 특성을 수치해석으로 분석하였다. CFD해석시 경계조건으로는 튜브표면의 온도는 348 K이고, 입구공기속도는 1~5 m/s 범위로 가정하였고, 수치해석시 사용된 모델로는 민감도를 고려하여 RSM 7차 난류모델을 하였다. 해석결과로는 AR 및 세로피치가 작을수록 열전달률이 향상되는 것으로 나타났으며 가로피치에 대한 영향은 근소한 차이를 나타냈으며, 와류발생기의 설치는 튜브 전방에 위치할수록 열전달특성상 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 튜브표면의 돌기형상은 톱니형보다 원형이 압력강하나 열전달특성이 유리한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.938-944
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• 2000

Recently, micro fin tube is widely used to heat exchanger for high performance. And, as the alternative refrigerants for R-22, hydrocarbons such as R-290, R-600 and R-600a are very promising because of their low GWP and ODP. Thus, R-290 was used as working fluid in this study. Most design of heat exchanger had been based on heat transfer characteristics of pure refrigerant although refrigerant oil exists in the refrigeration cycles. So, the influence of oil on heat transfer characteristics have to be considered for investigating exact evaporation heat transfer characteristics. But, this is an unresolved problem of refrigeration heat transfer. Therefore the influence of the refrigeration oil to the evaporation heat transfer characteristics of R-290 were conducted in a horizontal micro tin tube. The mineral oil was used as refrigeration oil. The experimental apparatus consisted of a basic refrigeration cycle and a system for oil concentration measurement. Test conditions are as the follows; evaporation temperature $5^{\circ}C$, mass velocity 100 $kg/m^2s$, heat flux 10 $kW/m^2$, oil concentration 0, 1.3, 3.3, 5.7 wt.%, and quality $0.07{\sim}1.0$. When refrigeration oil was entered, oil foaming was observed at the low quality region. And, very small bubbles were observed as quality was increased. Pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient increased as the concentration of refrigeration oil increased to 5 wt.%.. The performance index of heat exchanger was the highest near 3.3 wt.%.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2014

판형열교환기의 증발과정에서 오일에 위한 영향을 알아보기 위해 마이크로 기어 펌프를 이용한 냉매-R134a 순환 성능실험 장치를 구성하여, 증발열전달 실험을 수행하였다. POE 오일을 펌프를 이용하여 냉매 질량 유량에 비례하도록 0~5%를 첨가하여, 오일순환량에 따른 열전달계수 변화를 측정하였다. 오일순환율이 증가할수록 R134a 증발 열전달계수는 감소하며, 압력손실은 증가한다. 질량유량 80 g/s, 증발 온도 $30^{\circ}C$ 일 때, 오일 순환율 2%조건에서 무오일 대비 약 10%의 열전달계수가 감소하였고, 압력손실은 약 10% 증가하였다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2021

This study aims to determine the flow characteristics of a one-inch small ball valve and glove valve used in industrial plants. The flow was changed through an experimental equipment, and the internal flow characteristics of the valves were compared. Considering the pressure drop, the decrease in the slope of the ball valve based on the degree of the valve opening was relatively greater than that of the glove valve; further, the slope of the glove valve was gentle while the pressure drop was high. The flow velocity of the ball valve remains consistent after the valve was opened by 70%, whereas the flow velocity of the glove valve constantly increased. The valve loss factor of the ball valve was relatively low compared with that of the glove valve. When the valve was opened by 20%, which is the beginning stage of the valve opening, the valve loss factor of the ball valve was high and gradually became low. This is a structural problem of the ball valve, and the loss factor is significant because the flow path installed at the ball valve has a considerably small area. However, the overall loss factor of glove valve is high because it has a complicated structure of flow path.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.183-193
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• 1986

실제 발전소규모의 HDR 격납용기 실험에서 기존의 격납용기 해석모델에 많은 문제점들이 있다는 것이 밝혀졌는데, 그 중의 하나가 단기 (0∼2초) 압력 차이 계산이다. 격납용기의 각 구분방 사이의 압력차이는 질량 흐름율, 유체밀도, 마찰상실계수, 흐름면적비 등에 의존하는데, 각 요소가 압력 차이의 실험값과 계산값의 불일치에 어느 정도의 영향을 주는가는 정확하게 알려져 있지 않다 본 연구에서는 기존의 해석모델을 개선하기 위해 지금까지 상수로 간주되어 온 마찰상실계수를 압력과 압력차이 등의 함수로 제시되었다. COMPARE 코드로 수정된 모델을 사용하여 HDR 실험에 대한 압력과 압력차이가 계산되었는데 V.42 실험값에서는 측정치와 잘 맞고, V.43의 측정치 보다는 높게, V.44 실험값보다는 조금 낮은 결과를 보였다.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2006년 창립20주년기념 정기학술대회 및 국제워크샵
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• pp.392-395
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• 2006

This paper presents the experimental results at slamming phenomenon. The air pressure cylinder was used to ensure repeatability of the impact. The results showed that the adopted experimental technique was very excellent in terms of repeatability when is compared to that of the free drop tests. The pressure time histories, magnitude of peak pressure and the behavior of jet spray were obtained. The flat specimen was tested for various incident angles. To estimate the incident speed of the specimen high speed camera was used. The high speed camera was also useful tool in understanding the behavior.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2007

주어진 연료전지면적에서 반응면적이 넓을수록 성능이 향상되는 연료전지는 좁은 폭의 채널을 여러 개 존재하게 하는 구조를 선호하지만 채널 폭이 좁아질수록 압력이 커지는 문제가 고려되어져야 한다. 그러나 현재 채널 구조에 따른 압력에 대한 연구는 많이 진행되어져 왔지만 대부분 반응을 고려하지 않았으며, 반응을 고려한 경우에 어떤 경향을 나타내는지 알아보는 것이 연료전지 유로설계에 있어 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서 화학반응을 고려한 평행류, 90도 밴드형, serpentine 세가지 종류의 유로채널를 가진 연료전지를 수치 해석하여 반응을 고려하지 않은 경우와 마찰계수(fRe), 속도, 압력강하를 비교하여 본 결과 parallel과 bend 형태의 채널은 반응을 고려한 경우 반응에 의한 밀도의 감소에 따라 근소하게 감소한 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 serpentine채널은 다공성매체인 확산층을 통해 인접한 채널로 가스가 이동하는 bypass flow 영향에 의하여 상대적으로 낮은 압력강하를 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다.