• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.625-638
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to observe the relationship of dietary factors to blood pressure in 5th and 6th grade school children. Salt threshold, salt preference and nutrition knowlege about blood pressure were tested. Twenty-four hour urines were collected for the measurements of the volume and concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, creatinine and urea nitrogen. 1) Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of elementary school children were 106.8/67.6mmHg in males and 108.7/69.5mmHg in females. Seven children(4%) of total subjects were found to be hypertensive. Their mean blood pressure was 130.0/86.4mmHg. 2) Urinary excretions of creatinine and urea nitrogen during twenty-four hours were 621.1mg and 1524mg, respectively. The mean daily urinary sodium excretion was 2940mg, which is equivalent to 7.37g NaCl. 3) The daily urinary excretions of other minerals were as follows; potassium was 1301mg, chloride, 4991mg, calcium, 55.7mg and phosphorus, 700.03mg. 4) Salt preference of hypertensive children90.473$\pm$0.275) was significantly higher than those of normotensive children(0.473$\pm$0.213%), but salt threshold was lower in hypertensives(0.105$\pm$0.04%) than normotensives(0.081$\pm$0.022%) (p<0.05). INdices for assessing obesity, such as body weight, triceps skinfold, weight for heigth and body surface area, were high in hypertensive children than normotensive children(p<0.05). But there was no significant difference in energy and nutrient intakes between two groups. 5) Various anthropometric measurements had positive correlations with blood pressure, but body muscle mass(%) had a negative correlation with blood pressure. And daily energy and nutrient intakes were not related to blood pressure. 6) Blood pressures-both systolic and diastolic-were significantly correlated with urinary excretions of potassium and chloride. Daily sodium excretion was related to systolic blood pressure, but no related to diastolci blood pressure. There was no relationship of salt threshold to salt preference, and neither threshold nor preference was related to blood pressure. Results of this study suggest that nutrition education program for children including the information about desirable food habits for the prevention of hypertension should be developed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was designed to estimate the effects of Spiral Taping theraphy on low back pain or neck pain patients by using pressure pain threshold, visual analogue scale(VAS), and range of motion(ROM). Methods : The patients were allocated into two groups by randomisation. Spiral Taping theraphy group consisted of 11 patients and acupuncture theraphy group consisted of 10 patients. The degree of improvement of neck pain was evaluated by pressure pain threshold, VAS, and ROM before treatment and after treatment. The patients were commonly treated with acupuncture theraphy. After acupuncture Spiral Taping theraphy was peformed in Spiral Taping theraphy group. Results : Pressure pain threshold and VAS were significantly different between two groups. In Spiral Taping theraphy group the pressure pain threshold of the all points was significantly increased and VAS was significantly decreased than control group. But there was no significant difference between the two groups in ROM. Conclusion : The effectiveness of Spiral Taping theraphy on low back pain and neck pain patients was shown through pressure algometer and VAS. These imply that Spiral Taping theraphy may be useful for on low back pain or neck pain. Further study is needed about Spiral Taping theraphy.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.339-347
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• 2000

To elucidate pressure pain threshold of pericranial muscle due to involuntary. the effect of 30 min or forward head position(FHP) was studied in 20 patients with episodic tension-type headache and in 20 control without headache. Pressure pain thresholds were recorded before and after the FHP. and evaluated by pressure algometry. Thresholds increased in the patients and control after FHP. Relation between thresholds in patients anf control before FHP were not significant differences, but thresholds increased in patients after FHP. So, involutary muscle contraction due to FHP may be effect pressure pain threshold or pericranial muscle.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.254-259
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• 2020

The medical bed developed in this study is an electrically driven segmental keyboard. First describe the instrument of the segmental bed specially designed for pressure ulcer prevention, then the motor control system and pressure ulcer prevention operation of the bed. The main factor of pressure ulcer generation is displayed as body pressure x time, and when the keyboard falls, the body pressure becomes zero, and the pressure becomes higher than the threshold even if the body pressure is above the threshold, the pressure control algorithm has been developed. Therefore, using the proposed pressure control method, it has no particular ulcer occurred theoretically.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1-10
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• 2001

Objective : This study was performed to confirm the effects of acupuncture on myofascial pain syndrome(MPS) through the change of visual analogue scale(VAS) and pain pressure threshold(PPT) and the usefulness of pressure algometer on the evaluation of pain. Methods : We perfomed this study with 20 outpatients complaining of upper back pain. Before acupuncture therapy(AT), immediately after AT and 2-3 days after AT, we respectively checked visual analogue scale(VAS) and pain pressure threshold(PPT) through pressure algometer, with patients seated and relaxed. The PPT was checked at major trigger point of upper trapezius, levator scapulae, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, rhomboideus minor. and the patients were needled at the same points and maintained for 15 minutes. Results : VAS of immediately after AT was mild higher than that of before AT, but not significantly different. and VAS of 2-3 days after AT was significantly lower than before AT and immediately after AT. PPT of immediately after AT was lower than before PT, but not significantly different. PPT of 2-3 days after AT was significantly higher than that of before AT and immediately after AT. Also PPT was significantly correlated with VAS. Conclusion : PPT of omen was signicantly lower than that of men. and there was no significant difference by age. PPT was increased according to pain duration. Effectiveness of acupuncture on myofascial pain syndrome through PPT and VAS is showed at 2-3 days after AT rather than immediatly after AT. and pressure algometer is useful for the evaluation of Acupuncture therapy on myofascial pain syndrome.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 1999

This study was designed to evaluate anxiety & depression symptoms and pressure pain threshold in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder(n=23) and to find out the relationship between the affective symptoms and the pressure pain threshold scores. And this was compared with healthy control subjects(n=18). The scores of pressure pain threshold were checked with algometer. The results were as follows : PTSD patients showed higher scores of anxiety & depression symptoms than that of the control group. In contrast with our hypothesis, pressure pain threshold in PTSD patients presented statistically significant higher scores than that of the control group. These results may be derived from following factors. First, chronic depression has influenced the pain perception of patients with PTSD rather than anxiety symptoms, second, abnormal state of the opiate system in PTSD patients, third, the sick role of the PTSD patients, fourth, the socio-environmental factor of the PTSD patients. In conclusion, affective symptoms, especially depression, were related to the chronic pain in patients with PTSD, however, the causality of elevated pressure pain threshold was uncertain in this study. To understand more clearly the relation between affective symptoms and chronic pain, it will be necessary to control the other specific factors.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.61-65
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to objectively evaluate sensory disturbance in cervical spondylosis using grip force and investigate the relationship between the grip force and upper extremity function. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Eleven cervical spondylosis patients with paresthesia conducted grip and lift tasks using a precision grip with the tips of the thumb and index finger on either side. The sum of the grip force used during the first four seconds was calculated and defined as the total grip force. The cutaneous pressure threshold of the fingers, the pinch power, the grip power and three subtests of the Simple Test for Evaluating Hand Function (STEF) were also assessed. Correlations between the total grip force and cutaneous pressure threshold, pinch power, grip power, and STEF subtest times were evaluated. Results: We found that the total grip force correlated with the cutaneous pressure threshold (p<0.05). Moreover, the total grip force of the dominant thumb correlated with the results of the three STEF subtests (p<0.05). There were no significant correlations between the total grip force and pinch/grip powers. Conclusions: We found that the total grip force correlated with cutaneous pressure threshold and upper extremity function. The results suggest that the total grip force could serve as an objective index for evaluating paresthesia in cervical spondylosis patients, and that the impaired ability of the upper extremity function is related to grip force coordination.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1879-1888
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• 2019

Background: The treatment of pain in the iliotibial band friction syndrome has been difficult to determine, according to studies to date. However, recent studies have suggested that flexibility in the subacute stage of pain in the iliotibial band friction syndrome may help reduce pain. Objective: To investigate the immediate effect on pressure pain threshold and flexibility of the tensor fascia latae and iliotibial band by applying static and dynamic myofascial release foam rolling and self-stretching to adults with shortening iliotibial band. Design: Randomized controlled trial Methods: In this study, 50 subjects who were selected in advance as a randomized controlled trial were randomly allocated using a R Studio program. The included subjects were randomly allocated to three intervention groups. The static self-myofascial release 18 people, dynamic self-myofascial release group 16 people separated the self-stretching group 16 people and conducted a homogeneity check in advance. Before the start of the experiment, after of the experiment, 5 minutes after the end of the experiment, the pressure pain threshold and flexibility change for each part were measured. Results: The results of this study showed that the static self-myofascial release showed a significant difference in the pressure pain threshold in the tensor fascia latae and middle, lower part of the iliotibial band, compared with the other intervention groups (p<.05). In change of flexibility, the static self-myofascial release was significantly different than the other intervention groups (p<.05). Conclusion: The result of this study suggest that static self-myofascial release using foam roller may help to improve the pain and flexibility of the iliotibial band and to apply it as a more discerning intervention.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.51-59
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• 2022

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of mobilization with movement (MWM) applied to the ankle joint, on the craniovertebral angle (CVA), pressure pain threshold, and neck disability index (NDI) in asymptomatic adults with a forward head posture (FHP). Methods: A total of 32 subjects with FHP were assigned to either the MWM group (N=16) or the cranio-cervical flexion exercise (CCFE) group (n=16). The CVA, pressure pain threshold and NDI were measured before and 4 weeks after the intervention. Results: A significant improvement in the CVA was observed in the MWM group (p<.05), whereas no significant changes (p>.05) were observed in the CCFE group. Both groups showed significant differences in the pressure pain threshold and NDI before and after the intervention (p<.05). Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that MWM applied to the ankle joint can effectively improve the CVA, pressure pain threshold, and NDI of adults with a forward head posture. Based on this study, the ankle MWM technique for dorsiflexion can be used as an objective research method for additional studies targeting FHP patients in the future.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.311-319
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• 2021

Objective: To investigate the effect of emphasized initial contact by using a wearable air-pressure insole to provide auditory-feedback with variations of maximum peak pressure (MPP) of the affected side on spatiotemporal gait parameters and gait symmetry of stroke patients Design: A cross-sectional study Methods: Eighteen stroke patients participated in this study. All subjects walked five trials using an air-pressure insole that provides auditory feedback with different thresholds set on the insole. First, subjects walked without any auditory feedback. Then, the MPP threshold on the affected side was set from 70% and increase threshold by 10% after each trial until 100%. They walked three times or more on the gait analyzer for each trial, and the average values were measured. Before starting the experiment, subjects measured body weight, initial gait abilities and affected side MPP without auditory feedback. Results: Temporal and spatial variables were significantly increased in trials with auditory feedback from air-pressure insole except for non-paralyzed single support time and spatial gait symmetry compared to trials without auditory feedback(p<0.05). Among the four different thresholds, the walking speed, unaffected side single support time, affected and unaffected side stride, and affected side step length were greatest at 80% threshold of maximum peak, while affected single support time, temporal gait symmetry, and unaffected step length were greatest at the maximum peak of 100% threshold. Conclusions: These results indicate that auditory feedback gait using air-pressure insoles can be an effective way to improve walking speed, single support time, step length, stride, and temporal gait symmetry in stroke patients.