• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.369-380
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• 2019

When a extreme loading such as blast is applied to prestressed concrete (PSC) structures and infrastructures for an instantaneous time, serious property damages and human casualties occur. However, a existing design procedure for PSC structures such as prestressed containment vessel (PCCV) and gas storage tank do not consider a protective design for extreme internal blast scenario. Particularly, an internal blast is much more dangerous than that of external blast. Therefore, verification of the internal blast loading is required. In this paper, the internal blast resistance capacity of PSC member is evaluated by performing internal blast tests on RC and bi-directional PSC scaled down specimens. The applied internal blast loads were 22.68, 27.22, and 31.75 kg (50, 60, and 70 lbs) ANFO explosive charge at 1,000 mm standoff distance. The data acquisitions include blast pressure, deflection, strain, crack patterns, and prestressing force. The test results showed that it is possible to predict the damage area to the structure when internal blast loading occurs in PCCV structures.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.168-174
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• 2019

In order to investigate Propeller Open Water (POW) characteristics for the high-speed propeller in Large Cavitation Tunnel (LCT), the high-capacity inclined-shaft dynamometer was designed and manufactured. Its measuring capacities of thrust and torque are ${\pm}2200N$ and ${\pm}120N-m$, respectively. The driving motor is directly connected to the propeller shaft. Inclined angle of the propeller shaft can be adjusted up to ${\pm}10^{\circ}$. As the pressure inside LCT can be adjusted in the range of 0.1~3.0bar, we can carry out the POW test at high Reynolds number (above $1.0{\times}10^6$) without propeller cavitation and the cavitation test in uniform flow. After the new dynamometer setup in LCT, the Reynolds number variation test and propeller open-water test were conducted at the inclined angle of $0^{\circ}$ and $6^{\circ}$. The present POW results of the new dynamometer are compared with those of the existing high-capacity dynamometer in LCT and of the dynamometer in the towing-tank. Through systematic model tests and comparison with their results, the performance of the new inclined-shaft dynamometer was verified. It is thought the POW test for the high-speed propeller should be better conducted at high Reynolds number.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.53-61
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• 2022

Accidents are steadily occurring due to machine defects and carelessness during LNG storage operations. In previous studies, an environmental sensor module capable of measuring pressure, temperature, gas concentration, and flow to detect danger in advance was developed and the response speed according to the amount of leaked gas was measured. This paper proposes the development of a wired and wireless communication module that transmits data measured by the environmental sensor module to embedded devices connected to wired and wireless networks of SPI, UART, and LTE. First, a data communication module capable of interworking with an environmental sensor is designed. Design a protocol between devices in the Local Control Part and wired and wireless protocols in the Local Control Part and Remote Control Part. Ethernet, WiFi, and LTE communication modules were designed, and UART and SPI channels that can be linked with embedded controllers were designed. As a result, it was confirmed through a UI (User Interface) that each embedded device transmits data measured by the environmental sensor module while simultaneously communicating on a wired and wireless basis.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.761-768
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• 2022

In the hope of realizing carbon neutrality, Korea has established the goal of expanding the supply of hydrogen electric vehicles through a roadmap to revitalize the hydrogen economy. A prerequisite for successful supply expansion is securing the safety of hydrogen electric vehicles. Certain parts, such as the hydrogen transport pipe and tank, in hydrogen electric vehicles are exposed to high-pressure hydrogen gas over long periods of time, so the hydrogen enters the grain boundary of material, resulting in a degradation of the parts referred to as hydrogen embrittlement. In addition, since the safety of parts utilizing hydrogen varies depending on the type of material used and its environmental characteristics, the necessity for the enactment of a hydrogen embrittlement regulation has emerged and is still being discussed as a Global Technical Regulation (GTR). In this paper, we analyze a hydrogen compatibility material evaluation method discussed in GTR and present a direction for the development of Korean-type hydrogen compatibility material evaluation methods.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.117-123
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• 2024

Bubbles generated in water receive an upward buoyant force due to the density and pressure difference of the surrounding fluid. Additionally, the behavior, shape, and heat exchange process of bubbles vary depending on the viscosity, surface tension, rising speed, and size difference with the surrounding fluid. In this study, we modeled speed, and heat transfer of a high-temperature single bubble rising in a cylindrical water tank. For this purpose, velocity, and temperature of the bubbles were calculated using theoretical equations, to be compared with numerical simulation results. The numerical analysis was performed using a commercial software, and the stability of the numerical analysis with mesh size was confirmed through calculation of the grid convergence index. The numerical analysis of the rising speed and temperature of a single bubble showed the values to converge when the minimum cell size was 1/160 of the bubble diameter, and the temperature decrease was confirmed to be the same as that of the surrounding fluid within 0.05 seconds.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.141-154
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• 2004

The solar powered water pump is very ideal equipment because solar power is more intensive when the water is more needed in summer and it is very helpful in the rural area, in which the electrical power is not available. The average so]ar radiation energy is 3.488 kWh/($m^2{\cdot}day$) in Korea. In this study, the automatic control logic and system of the water pump driven by the radiation energy were studied, designed, assembled, tested and analyzed for realizing the solar powered water pump. The experimental system was operated automatically and the cycle was continued. The average quantity of the water pumped per cycle was about 5,320 cc. The cycle time was about 4.9 minutes. The thermal efficiency of the system was about $0.030\%$. The pressure level of the n-pentane vapour in flash tank was 150$\%$450 hPa(gauge) which was set by the computer program for the control of the vapour supply. The pressure in the condenser and air tank during cycles was maintained as about 600 hPa and 1,200 hPa respectively. The water could be pumped by the amount of 128kg/($m^2{\cdot}day$) with the efficiency of $0.1\%$ and the pumping head of 10 m for the average solar energy in Korea.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.250-256
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• 2013

Gasoline generates organic acid and polymer (gum) by hydrocarbon oxidation depending on the storage environment such as temperature and exposure to sunlight, which can cause metal corrosion, rubber and resin degradation and vehicle malfunction caused by accumulation in fuel supply system. The gasoline which has not been used for a long time in bi-fuel (LPG-Gasoline) vehicle causes problems, and low octane number gasoline have evaporated into the field, but the exact cause has not been studied yet. In this study, we suggest a plan of quality management by investigating the gasoline oxidation behavior. In order to investigate the oxidation behavior of gasoline, changes of gasoline properties were analyzed at various storage conditions such as storage time, storage vessel type (vehicle fuel tank, PE vessel and Fe vessel) and storage circumstances (sunlight exposure and open system, etc.). Currently distributing gasoline and bioethanol blended fuel (blended 10%) were stored for 18 weeks in summer season. The sample stored in PE vessel was out of quality standard (octane number, vapor pressure, etc.) due to the evaporation of the high octane number and low boiling point components through the vessel cap and surface. Especially, the sunlight exposure sample stored in PE vessel showed rapid decrease of vapor pressure and increase of gum. Bioethanol blended fuel showed similar results as gasoline.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.458-463
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• 2005

[ $H_2$ ] from CO and water was continuously produced in a trickle bed reactor(TBR) using Citrobacter amalonaticus Y19. When the strain C. was cultivated in a stirred-tank reactor under a chemoheterotrophic and aerobic condition, the high final cell concentration of 13 g/L was obtained at 10 hr. When the culture was switched to an anaerobic condition with the continuous supply of gaseous CO, CO-dependent hydrogenase was fully induced and its hydrogen production activity approached 16 mmol/g cell/hr in 60 hr. The fully induced C. amalonaticus Y19 cells were circulated through a TBR packed with polyurethane foam, and the TBR was operated for more than 20 days for $H_2$ production. As gas retention time decreased or inlet CO partial pressure increased, $H_2$ production rate increased but the conversion from CO to $H_2$ decreased. The maximum $H_2$ production rate obtained was 16 mmol/L/hr at the gas retention time of 25 min and the CO inlet partial pressure of 0.4 atm. The high $H_2$ production rate was attributed to the high cell density in the liquid phase circulating the TBR as well as the high surface area of polyurethane foam used as packing material of the TBR.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.675-680
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• 2017

Considering that most sewage treatment facilities have a water head of less than 2.0 m and a constant flow rate, the development of a small hydro power generation device capable of maintaining stable power generation and efficiency is urgently needed. In this study, a numerical analysis using the CFD code was carried out to develop a drag force type vertical axis hydro turbine for the improvement of the production efficiency of small-scale hydro energy underlow flow velocity conditions. The blade pressure changes and internal flows were analyzed in the presence or absence of hydro turbine blade holes at a flow velocity of less than 2.0 m/s. The pressure distribution of the hydro turbine blades with holes was found to be about 5.1 % lower than that of the hydro turbine blades without holes. The analysis of the internal flow around the water tank and hydro turbine blade revealed that the flow velocity varied with the vector distribution and that the flow velocity of the hydro turbine blades with holes was 5.6 % less than that of the hydro turbine blades without holes. It is believed that forming a hole in the blade may be helpful for its structural safety.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.439-446
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• 2009

This study was performed to evaluate SND(simultaneous nitrification and denitrification)efficiency, nitrogen removal efficiency and filtration function of non-woven fabric by using submerging MBR packed with granular sulfur covered with non-woven fabric filter. Synthetic wastewater was used as influent wastewater. Concentration of $NH_4{^+}-N$ in influent was maintained about 40 mg/L and the experiment was performed in four phases according to the flow rate. Nitrogen loading rate divided four phases ranging from $0.04 kg\;NH_4{^+}-N/m^3-day$ to $0.16 kg\;NH_4{^+}-N/m^3-day$. As a result, the maximum $NH_4{^+}-N$ removal rate was accomplished at $0.142 kg\;NH_4{^+}-N/m^3-day$ in nitrogen loading of $0.147 kg\;NH_4{^+}-N/m^3-day$. Nitrification efficiency was higher than 95% in all phases. $NO_3{^-}-N$ loading rate was adjusted ranging from $0.22 kg\;NO_3{^-}-N/m^3-day$ to $0.89 kg\;NO_3{^-}-N/m^3-day$. The maximum $NO_3{^-}-N$ removal rate was accomplished up to $0.71 kg\;NO_3{^-}-N/m^3-day$ in $NO_3{^-}-N$ loading of $0.89 kg\;NO_3{^-}-N/m^3-day$. The maximum $NO_3{^-}-N$ removal efficiency was 95% in $NO_3{^-}-N$ loading of $0.22 kg\;NO_3{^-}-N/m^3-day$. T-N removal rate was 90% and concentration of T-N in effluent was 3.7 mg/L in T-N loading rate of $0.039 kg\;NO_3{^-}-N/m^3-day$. In this study, TMP in reactor with and without non-woven fabric filter were observed to define fouling of hollow-fiber membrane module. Reaching time to standard washing pressure(22 cm Hg) of two reactors were 29 days with non-woven fabric But the reactor without non-woven fabric reached standard washing pressure only after 4 days. Accordingly, non-woven fabric was demonstrated the superiority as a filtration ability. With high nitrogen removal rate and decreasing of fouling of membrane, MBR packed with granular sulfur covered with non-woven fabric filter submerging in activated sludge aeration tank can be used as an advanced treatment process.