• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.255-262
• /
• 2009

The present study analyzed the association between postural control and electrical stimulation by measuring body sway when use the electrical stimulations were applied to different stimulation zones in lower limbs. The subjects were 14 young adults and were, tested for two different visual condition: eyes open and eyes closed. The experiments were also performed in two different stance case: one legged stance and two legged stance while electrical stimulations were applied concurrently or individually to tibialis anterior and triceps surae. Postural responses were assessed by analyzing COP sway path, sum of COP sway measured by a forceplate. The results showed that the direction of the COP shift changed in accordance with the direction of stimulation and showed sensory adaptation as the experiment progressed for two legged stance case. For one legged stance case, concurrent electrical stimulation both sides of muscles was found to be effective for enhancement of postural balance control.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2011

Objectives : Cupping therapy has been used as various treatment methods in oriental medicine clinic for a long time. Specially, Cupping stimulation caused skin hyperpigmentation which has been used as diagnosis method for extravasated blood & inner organs functional disease. But it was difficult to quantitatively measure and analyze the interrelation between extravasated blood and skin hyperpigmentation. The aim of this study is to measure the acupoint's RGB and melanin change pattern by stimulating under fixed 80kPa negative pressure and to evaluate the extravasated blood. Methods : To evaluate extravasated blood, 10 acupoints (left/right BL13, BL15, BL18, BL20, BL23) were stimulated by treatment 80kPa negative pressure for 1 minute. And then we measured the acupoints' skin color change patterns using the color meter, followed by RGB analysis and melanin change pattern. Results and Conclusions : We could observe the correlation of the acupoints' skin color condition related with RGB change pattern. All acupoints' color change degree were different. Regardless of acupoints' color degree due to extravasated blood, we observed in common the fact that RGB values decreased after stimulation and steadily increased according to time. We observed that melanin index increased after stimulation and recovered before stimulation-condition after the lapse of time. In other words, we confirmed the correlation between raised color change degree and $L^*a^*$ index change pattern. Therefore we observed the possibility of charting the $L^*a^*$ index following extravasated blood.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2010.11a
• /
• pp.645-646
• /
• 2010

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.66-72
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study was to determine a more effective method for shoulder pain reduction. Forty-five normal subjects were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups a control group, an acupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(ALTENS) group, and a silver spike point(SSP) group. Each person in the ALTENS and SSP groups was measured for pressure pain threshold before and after a 20 minute treatment. The control group was also checked for pressure pain threshold before and after a 20 minute period but no "treatment" was given. The major findings were as follows ; 1)The ALTENS and SSP groups showed significant differences before and after treatment but the control group showed no significant difference. 2)When the three groups were compared, the only significant difference was between the SSP group and the control group. As mentioned above, it may be concluded that both ALTENS and SSP therapy were effective in reducing shoulder pain when measured directly after treatment. However, SSP did not show any superior effect. Further study should be done to determine the effective the maintained pain reduction with post-treatment time lapse.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.224-228
• /
• 2003

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture at some acupoint combinations on the cardiovascular system, especially on blood pressure. Electroacupuncture at acupoint combinations of CV2O(+)/GV-16(-),4(+)/GV16(-), KI1(+)/GV20(-), and HT9(+)/GV16(-) did not changed heart rates and blood pressure, but stimulation of HT1(+)/HT7(-) Increased systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure significantly in dogs anesthetized with tiletamine/zolazepam.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.29 no.7
• /
• pp.711-716
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the modulation method affects the effectiveness of eliciting tactile sensations by electrical stimulation. Two methods were employed and the results were compared and analyzed; pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) and pulse width modulation (PWM). Thirty-five healthy subjects participated in the experiments to measure the stimulation intensity that began to elicit a tactile sensation - activation threshold (AT). Constant-current monophasic rectangular pulse trains were employed, and the stimulation intensity was varied from zero until the subject felt any uncomfortable sensation. The step size of the stimulation intensity was 100nC/pulse. After each experiment, the subject described the sensation both quantitatively and qualitatively. The two modulation methods did not make a significant difference as far as the AT values were concerned, but most of the subjects showed 'intra-individual' consistency. Also, it was confirmed that our range of the stimulation parameters enabled us to obtain three major tactile sensations; tickling, pressure and vibration. The results suggested that the stimulation parameters and the modulation type should be selected for each individual and that selective electrical stimulation of the mechanoreceptors needs more diversified researches on the electrode design, multi-channel stimulation protocol, waveforms of the pulse train, etc.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 1998.11a
• /
• pp.73-76
• /
• 1998

We give pressure stimulation into organic thin films and detect the induced displacement current. then manufacture a device under the accumulation condition that the state surface pressure is 15[mN/m]. In processing of a device manufacture. We can see the process is good from the change of a surface pressure for organic thin films and transfer ratio of area per molecule. The structure of manufactured device is Au/organic thin films(polyimide)/Au, the number of accumulated layers are 31,35, and 41. I-V characteristic of the device is measured from 0[V] to +5[V]. The maximum value of measured current is increased as the number of accumulated layers are decreased. The resistance for the number of accumulated layers, the energy density for an input voltage show desired results, and the insulation of a thin film is better as the interval between electrodes is larger.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.657-665
• /
• 1999

The effects of application of mustard oil (MO), a small-fiber excitant and inflammatory irritant into the rat maxillary molar tooth pulp on arterial blood pressure and heat race, and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the jaw muscles were assessed in the anesthetized rats. In addition, Evans blue extravasation following pulpal MO application was measured. Application of MO into the tooth pulp produced a significant increase in mean arterial pressure and heat rate which gradually returned to baseline level. Application of MO into the tooth pulp induced a significant and short-lasting increase in EMG activity of digastric masseter and tongue muscle. Application of MO into the tooth pulp significantly increased the plasma extravasation of Evans blue dye. However, Application of mineral oil into the tooth pulp did not produce any significant changes in EMG activity of the digastric, masseter and tongue muscles, mean arterial pressure and heart rate, and plasma extravasation of Evans blue dye. These findings indicate that changes in arterial blood pressure, heart rate, jaw muscle activity and plasma extravasation accompanying noxious tooth pulp stimulation call be utilized as indirect measure of orofacial pain and inflammation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 1973

The effects of ethanol extacts of aconite root (Aconitum koreanum) on mean arterial pressure, heart rate, pulse pressure, and respiration were investigated and also studied the effect on electrical activation of the hypothalamus in cats. From the present experiment the following results were obtained. 1) On administering 5 mg or 10 mg aconite extracts per kg of body weight, the mean arterial blood pressure declined markedly possibly as the result of negative inotropic and chronotropic effects of aconite. 2) From the enhanced pressor responses to intravenously injected epinephrine, the existance of vasodilatory effect of the aconite was suggested. 3) After administration of aconite extract, no significant differences were observed in the presser responses to carotid occlusion and to electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus. It is, therefore, concluded that the aconite extract exerts no significant effect on the excitability of hypothalamus as well as medullary cardiovascular center of cats. 4) After administration of $5{\sim}10$ mg/kg aconite extracts, respiratory rate was increased while depth of respiration decreased. On the otherhand, respiratory rate was markedly decreased by injection of 20 mg/kg aconite into animal.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.77-80
• /
• 2006

Background: Painful experiences during procedures such as prolotherapy and intramuscular stimulation are stressful to patients and can affect the treatment outcome. We present a method for relieving pain and increasing the level of patient comfort during the procedure. Methods: Twenty six patients who requested sedation anesthesia during the procedure were examined. All patients were injected with 500 ml of 0.9% normal saline and were monitored by electrocardiography, blood pressure and pulse oximetry. The patients were supplied with oxygen (3 L/min) through a nasal cannula. Midazolam (0.02 mg/kg) and alfentanil ($8{\mu}g/kg$) was injected before the procedure and a bolus injection was administered during the procedure if patients felt any pain. The duration of the procedure, the total amount of drugs, the changes in the systolic blood pressure, heart rate, pulse oxygen saturation, sedation and pain level during procedure, satisfaction scale after the procedure, complications and the incidence of amnesia were evaluated. Results: Twenty one patients had a moderate level of sedation, 15 patients did not feel any pain during the procedure, 17 patients had high level of satisfaction (8-10). No patient experienced complications after the procedure, or unstable vital signs, and 6 patients could not remember the procedure. Conclusions: Sedation anesthesia is a safe method for relieving pain during the procedure, and most patients had a high level of satisfaction.