• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.19 no.10
• /
• pp.198-205
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify whether cutaneous sensory (CS) changes induced by mechanical intervention(MI) increases the trigger point threshold and muscle tone of the same spinal segment to neck disc patients. Thirty persons with Neck disc patients were recruited in this experiment. The subjects consisted of 10 men and 20 women. The mechanical stimulus group induced CS changes for 5 minutes using the Graston instrument and the control group received no action. The CS changes were estimated by using the Von Frey Filament, PPT changes were measured by using the pressure threshold meter and msucle tone changes were measured by using Myotone pro. CS threshold increased significantly when MI was applied (p<0.05). On the same spinal segment, increases in the right infraspinatus PPT and muscle tone was observed (p<0.05) and decreases in the right trapezius PPT was observed(p<0.05). However, the PPT and muscle tone changes in other muscles were not significantly different. Furthermore, the control group CS, PPT and muscle tone were not significantly different. As a result, CS changes induced by MI make to change PPT and muscle tone on the same spinal segment. Therefore, application of MI to the same spinal segment may be of clinical significance as a new rehabilitation method for increasing pain threshold, muscle tone and pain control in neck disc patients.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.14 no.7
• /
• pp.539-548
• /
• 2020

TTH(tension-type headache) is the most common primary headache among adults. Long-term headaches cause chronic headaches and have a better impact on daily life. The purpose of this study is to compare the contributions to TTH through AVE(audio-visual entertainment) and STM(soft tissue mobilization) suitable for management of pathogenic and psychogenic factors of TTH. The participants of this study were from 30 people who complained of intermittent or persistent headaches for more than 6 months, and 10 participants each in the AVE group, STM group, and AVE plus STM group. In the assigned group, a total of 12 sessions were performed three times a week for 4 weeks after the baseline, followed by post-test. Outcome measures measured PPTs(pressure pain thresholds), psychophysiological parameters, and EEG(electroencephalogram). The measured results were analyzed for interaction between time and group through a two way rmANOVA(repeated measurement variance analysis). As a result of the PPTs, interaction was found in the results of the right trapezius (p<.05), and the more improvement was observed in the AVE group. Therefore, through AVE based on psychological factors rather than direct access to the muscles of pathogenic factors, a positive impact on the PPTs was shown, but the average value of the psychophysiological parameters and brain waves that were not statistically significant. The amount of change was observed. Through this, it is suggested that audio-visual stimulation could be considered in the management of TTH.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 1989

The effect of guanabenz on volume-induced micturition reflex contraction (VIMRC) in urethane-anethetized female rats was examined under adrenalectomy, chemical-sympathectomy, ganglionectomy, alpha-1, or alpha-2 blockade. Intracerbroventricular administration of guanalberz had little effect on VIMRC, but topical application suppressed amplitude and frequency of VIMRC. Guanabenz intravenous injection dose-dependently suppressed amplitude and frequency of VIMRC, with complete inhibition at dose of $100\;{\mu}g/kg$, but phenylephrine had no effect on VIMRC. Intravesicular peak pressure and amplitude of VIMRC were increased by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) treatment when compared with control value, but yohimbine-, prazosin-hexamethonium-treatment and adrenalectomy did not show changes in VIMRC. Dose-response curve of guanabenz on amplitude and frequency of VIMRC shifted significantly to the right by treatment of yohimbine and 6-OHDA, and adrenalectomy. Median inhibitory dose $({\mu}g/kg)$ of guanabenz to amplitude of VIMRC showed 27.3 in control group, 381.6 in yohimbine, 294.1 in 6-OHDA and 54.1 in hexamethonium, and 38.8 in prazosin. Those of guanabenz to frequency of VIMRC showed 41.7 in control group, 571.1 in yohimbine, 410.8 in 6-OHDA, 141.4 in adrenalectomy, 59.6 in hexamethoinum and 31.4 in prazosin. These results suggest that guanabenz inhibits VIMRC through alpha-2 receptor stimulation rather than alpha-1 receptor stimulation and that catecholiamines released from sympathetic nerve ending and adrenal gland play a role in the inhibition.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.215-229
• /
• 2007

Objectives : Placebo phenomena have been considered as a confounding factor of clinical trial. Expectancy and belief of acupuncture have not been evaluated quantitatively. The present study was performed to analyze the emotional and cognitive factor .of acupuncture and investigate whether the expectancy of acupuncture treatment is associated with the cognition of acupuncture. Methods : The expectancy and the perception of bodily sensation (PBS) of 22 participants were assessed using self-reported questionnaire. The subjects used the self assessment manikin (SAM) to rate each of the standard affective image of the international affective picture system (lAPS) and other acupuncture-related image. Based on the degree of expectancy, the high expectant (HE) and the low expectant (LE) group were classified. The thermal and pressure pain threshold was objectively evaluated using radiant-heat device and algometer. The degree of expected pain of acupuncture and the actual pain of painful stimulation was subjectively evaluated using facial pain scales (FPS). Results : Using SAlVI analysis, we identified the negative correlation between hedonic valence and arousal dimension on acupuncture-related visual cue. The degree of the PBS and general pain threshold did not show any significant difference between the HE and the LE group. The HE group rated the acupuncture images as more pleasant, more arousing, than the LE group. In addition, we also found that the higher expectancy marked the lower FPS of the expected pain of acupuncture, but not of the actual pain of painful stimulation. Conclusions : Our preliminary study identified the psychological dimensions of acupuncture-related visual cue. These findings indicate that the expectancy of acupuncture could affect the cognition of acupuncture.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.49-60
• /
• 1992

This study was designed to evaluate the responses of cardiovascular system to endothelin (ET) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in 12 week-old SHR treated with or without enalapril (ENP) for 6 weeks. The diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were lower in ENP-treated SHR than in control. The pressor response to intravenous, but not intracerebroventricular, ET or NPY was attenuated by ENP treatment. The chronotropic action induced by electrical stimulation was attenuated by ENP or ET. The negative chronotropic action of ET was blocked by yohimbine. The increase in aortic tension induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) was depressed in ENP-treated group as compared with non-treated group, and enhanced by ET, but not NPY, in the non-treated group. The ET-induced increase in tension was enhanced by removal of endothelium in the control group but not in ENP-treated group. The plasma concentration of norepinephrine and ET-induced increase in concentration of norepinephrine and epinephrine in plasma were decreased in ENP-treated group. These results suggest that preventive effect of enalapril on the development of hypertension may result from depressing vasoactive action of endothelin and neuropeptide Y, and sympathetic neurotransmission at peripheral nervous system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.787-797
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study was to confirm the reduction of pain and symptom relief of Parkinson's disease by vertically stimulating the spine through the application of a mechanical bed capable of thermal and massage stimulation. For this purpose, after confirming the segmental motion of the spine due to the use of a medical combination stimulation bed for Parkinson's disease patients, VAS, ODI, gait ability, and spiral drawing tests were performed, and the relationship between the variables was identified. In the 10-day visual analog scale and evaluation of low back pain dysfunction, the average trend of decreasing after bed use was confirmed. For walking ability, a decrease in the moving time and an increase in the moving distance were observed. In the spiral drawing test, the mean test time after using bed was significantly lower than before. As a result, it suggested the possibility of using it as an auxiliary method for recovery and pain relief of Parkinson's disease patients due to spinal segmental movement with mechanical heating and massage. However, this study is a preliminary study, and there is a small number of subjects, so additional research is needed that considers the number and condition of future subjects in detail.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.53-59
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The non-receptor-type protein tyrosine kinase Syk (636 amino acids, 72 kDa) is ubiquitously expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and has been widely studied as a regulator and effector of B cell receptor signaling that occurs in processes such as differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. However, the mechanism relating Syk and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK) by endothelin-1 (ET-1, 21 amino acids) stimulation in muscle cells, especially in the volume-dependent hypertensive state, remains unclear. Methods: In this study, we investigated the relationship between Syk and p38MAPK for isometric contraction and enzymatic activity by ET-1 from rat aortic smooth muscle cells and aldosterone-analogue deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) hypertensive state rats (ADHR). Results: The systolic blood pressure was significantly increased in ADHR than in a control group of animals. ET-1 induced isometric contraction and phosphorylation of p38MAPK, which was increased in muscle strips from ADHR. Increased vasoconstriction and phosphorylation of p38MAPK induced by treatment with 30 nM ET-1 were inhibited by the use of 10${\mu}M$ SB203580, an inhibitor of p38MAPK from ADHR. Furthermore, ET-1 induced isometric contraction and phosphorylation of Syk and p38MAPK, which were increased in the aortic smooth muscle cells. Increased tension and phosphorylation of Syk and p38MAPK induced by ET-1 were inhibited by SB203580 from rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Conclusion: These results, suggest that the Syk activity affects ET-1-induced contraction through p38MAPK in smooth muscle cells and that the same pathway directly or indirectly is associated with volume dependent hypertension. The findings suggest the need to develop cardiovascular disease-specialized physical therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.522-528
• /
• 2011

Artificial basilar membranes made of PVDF(polyvinylidene fluoride) are manufactured using microfabrication processes. The mechanical behavior of PVDF artificial basilar membrane was measured to evaluate its performance as a mechanical frequency analyzer using scanning LDV(laser Doppler vibrometer). The experimental setup consists of the microfabricated artificial basilar membrane, a loud speaker connected to an amplifier for generating acoustic pressure of specific spectral pattern, and a scanning LDV with controlling unit for measuring the displacement of the membrane on the incoming acoustic stimulation. The microfabricated artificial basilar membrane was attached tightly upon a package containing a chamber which can be filled with silicone oil before placed on the experimental setup stage. The experiment results showed that the microfabricated artificial basilar membrane has a property as a mechanical frequency analyzer.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.26-31
• /
• 2005

The present study examined effects of a water-soluble fraction from mulberry leaves (ML water fraction) on the circulatory and autonomic nervous systems, which were compared with those of acetylcholine (ACh) used as a reference drug in order to elucidate its mechanism of action. Intravenous administration of ACh or a ML water fraction produced temporary depressor and tachycardiac responses in a dose-dependent manner in unrestrained, conscious Sprague-Dawley rats. The systemic hemodynamic effects of ACh and a ML water fraction were almost completely blocked by pretreatment with atropine, a muscarinic antagonist. The depressor responses to ACh and a ML water fraction were slightly enhanced and prolonged by pretreatment with neostigmine, an anticholinesterase, whereas the tachycardiac responses were remarkably blocked by pretreatment with pentolinium, a ganglionic blocking agent. In vitro experiments using the ileum isolated from rats showed that ACh and a ML water fraction increased ileal contractility in a dose-dependent manner. The increases in ileal contractility were also completely abolished in the presence of atropine. Finally, the specific binding of [$^3H$]quinuclidinyl benzilate, a muscarinic antagonist, to rat cortical synaptic membranes was inhibited by a ML water fraction in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC$_{50}$ value of 9.5 mg/ml. The results suggest that the effects of a ML water fraction are mediated through direct stimulation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors by unknown cholinomimetic substance(s) contained in that fraction.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.27 no.2 s.66
• /
• pp.232-243
• /
• 2006

Objectives : Albizzia Julibrissin was formulated to contain various natural products known to cure erectile dysfunction. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Albizzia Julibrissin on the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, nitrite level, antioxidation and erectile responses induced by ethanol in corpus cavernosum penis of rats. Methods : The crushed Albizzia Julibrissin was extracted 3 times, each time with 3 volumes of methyl alcohol at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. The extract was filtered and evaporated under a reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to yield 45.3 g. Albizzia Julibrissin extract was oral-administered 100 mg per 1 kg of body weight for 20 days, while the normal group was administered only with a saline. The efficacy of Albizzia Julibrissin against erectile function was examined as described in the text. Results : The level of urethral NOS activity and nitrite were increased by Albizzia Julibrissin. The level of lipid peroxide was decreased by Albizzia Julibrissin. The level of urethral lipid peroxide in the ethanol-Albizzia Julibrissin double administered rats was decreased as low as in the norma! group, while the one in the ethanol-treated group was increased. The level of urethral nitrite, NOS activity, glutathione and serum testosterone in the ethanol-Albizzia Julibrissin double administered rats were as high as in the normal group, while the one in the ethanol-treated group was decreased. The erectile response to cavernous nerve stimulation in the ethanol-Albizzia Julibrissin double administered rats increased as high as in the normal group while the one in the ethanol-treated group decreased. Conclusions : Albizzia Julibrissin was shown to be effective for the treatment of erectile dysfunction induced by ethanol in rats.