• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1996.06c
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• pp.918-925
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• 1996

The effect of structured water by dissolution of xenon was examined from the view point of the suppression of both browning and respiratory metabolism of broccoli. The structured water is formed duet to hydrophobic interaction when xenon gas dissolves into water. NMR measurements were carried out to determine proton spin-spin relaxation time, T2, for water. There was a difference in proton T2 between distilled water and structured water. This can be interpreted as the change of water structure. Fro the broccoli cut in half stored for 16 days at 279K, the section color did not change appreciably for the sample whose water was structured by dissolution of xenon whose initial partial pressure was 0.39MPa. In contrast to this, the browning of section surface was observed for the sample stored under the condition of nitrogen gas at the same partial pressure as xenon and for the sample stored under atmospheric condition . These results led to the conclusion that the suppression of b owning by oxidation was due to structured water but not to applied pressure. Adding to this, the water structured by xenon has resulted in suppression of respiratory metabolism of broccoli.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.199-207
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• 2006

Measurements by Luap et al. (2005) of elongational viscosity and birefringence of two nearly monodisperse polystyrene melts with molar masses $M_{w}$ of $206,000g{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ (PS206k) and $465,000g{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ (PS465k) respectively are reconsidered. At higher elongational stresses, the samples showed clearly deviations from the stress optical rule (SOR). The elongational viscosity data of both melts can be modeled quantitatively by the MSF model of Wagner et al. (2005), which is based on the assumption of a strain-dependent tube diameter and the interchain pressure term of Marrucci and Ianniruberto (2004). The only nonlinear parameter of the model, the tube diameter relaxation time, scales with $M_{w}^{2}$. In order to get agreement with the birefringence data, finite chain extensibility effects are taken into account by use of the $Pad\'{e}$ approximation of the inverse Langevin function, and the interchain pressure term is modified accordingly. Due to a selfregulating limitation of chain stretch by the FENE interchain pressure term, the transient elongational viscosity shows a small dependence on finite extensibility only, while the predicted steady-state elongational viscosity is not affected by non-Gaussian effects in agreement with experimental evidence. However, deviations from the SOR are described quantitatively by the MSF model by taking into account finite chain extensibility, and within the experimental window investigated, deviations from the SOR are predicted to be strain rate, temperature, and molar mass independent for the two nearly monodisperse polystyrene melts in good agreement with experimental data.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.4
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• pp.664-669
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• 2014

This research was conducted to investigate the impact of viewing scenery and walking in the urban forest on physiological relaxation of humans. The experiment was conducted in Hanbat Arboretum located in Daejeon, and the control experiment was conducted in front of Daejeon City Hall. The subjects that participated in the experiment comprised 24 Korean male university students in their 20s (average age, $21.1{\pm}2.5years$), participated in the experiment as the subject, and these subjects were classified into three groups divided into three locations such as the pine forest in Arboretum, the pond in Arboretum, and the city. The subjects sat down and viewed scenery for 10 min, and they then walked for 15 min. Further, physiological changes were measured using indicators such as heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure, and pulse rate. As a result, when subjects viewed scenery and walked in the urban forest, a statistically significant increase in the high frequency (HF) power of HRV and decrease in systolic pressure was observed compared with when subjects viewed scenery and walked in the city. Through this research, it was found that activities like viewing scenery or walking in Arboretum of the city are effective in increasing the physiological relaxation of the city residents.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.413-421
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• 2004

In this paper, a structural analysis for the pressurized water reactor(PWR) spent nuclear fuel disposal canister which is deposited under the 500m deep underground is carried out to predict the creep deformation of the canister while the underground water and swelling bentonite pressure are applied on the canister. Usually the creep deformation may be caused due to the Pressure and the high heat applied to the canister even though additional external loads are not applied to the canister. These creep deformations depend on the time. In this paper, oかy the underground water and bentonite swelling Pressure are considered for the creep deformation analysis of the canister, because the heat distribution inside canister due the spent fuel is not simple and depends on time. A proper creep function is adopted for the creep analysis. The creep analysis is carried out during $10^8$ seconds. The creep analysis results show that the creep strains are very small and these strains occur usually in the lid and bottom of the canister not in the cast iron insert. A much smaller strain is found in the cast iron insert. Hence, the creep deformation doesn't affect the structural safety of the canister, and also the creep stress which shows the stress relaxation phenomenon doesn't affect the structural safety of the canister.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1487-1494
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• 2012

This study has been carried out to verify curative effect of lavender and lawn, a green space composition factor. Thus, the physiological index value of blood pressure, heart rate and salivary amylase were measured with object of 16 women in their 20~30s for stress relaxation effect at lavender garden and lawn square, and impression assessment upon SD method as for psychological value was performed in this study. And a survey was conducted on necessity and reason of urban green space with object of 345 men and women urban workers. As a result of variance analysis between groups and multi test of Turkey upon object place, the blood pressure was lowered the same at lavender garden and lawn square, and especially, high blood pressure was greatly lowered to 30 mmHG at lavender garden. On the other hand, low blood pressure group showed the tendency of a little increasing at the same places. And for the pulse, there was difference between high blood pressure group and normal group at the same places. To conclude, at lavender garden and lawn square the blood pressure was made to be lowered when it's high, and when it's low, the effect of returning to sound status, the function of increasing, was verified. In case of impression assessment upon SD method, the lawn square was assessed as resting place and lavender garden diversional place. And over 90% of urban workers responded to the green space's necessity and curative effect, diversion and resting place were adopted for the reason in high-ranking items. As above the green space pattern that urban workers require and curative effect of lavender garden and lawn square were verified. Therefore, the functional green space plan is required, which curative effect, diversion and resting place are considered, for the future green space plan design.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the importance of developing slim seats with ergonomic design to improve seat comfort and expand the interior space. Two seats were used for the experiment: a sample seat designed based on hip shape and spinal alignment and a normal seat with a flat design without curves. Subjects sat in both the sample seat and a normal seat applied to the vehicle simulator and the experiment was conducted. The next part of the experiment was conducted in two different postures: a driving posture and a relaxed posture. The subjects filled out a comfort questionnaire immediately after sitting and after 30 minutes. The results showed that the comfort in the sample seat was found to be more comfortable than the normal seat. However, no significant difference was noted for the relaxation posture. Pressure distribution was also recorded immediately after sitting and after 30 minutes. In the case of pressure distribution, it was confirmed that the pressure in the sample seat was more evenly distributed in both the driving and relaxed postures than in the normal seat. The results showed that the ergonomically designed sample seat greatly improved seating comfort and pressure distribution compared to the normal seat, which is a general vehicle seat design.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.9-23
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• 2024

This study investigates the physiological and psychological effects of a nature-based outdoor activity program in an environment reflecting the characteristics of forest and coastal areas on 30 firefighters (average age: 40.4 ± 9.8 years) who are frequently exposed to dangerous situations. Blood pressure, pulse pressure, and heart rate variability were used as physiological measurement indicators, and the Korean versions of PANAS (positive affect and negative affect schedule), WEMWBS (Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale), and PRS (perceived restorativeness scale) were used as psychological measurement indicators. For four days and three nights, the participants experienced programs at Hallyeohaesang Nature Center and the surrounding mountains, seas, and islands, utilizing forest resources such as trekking on forest trails, walking barefoot, taking aromatic footbaths, meditating in forest oxygen domes, and lying on relaxation chairs, and programs utilizing marine resources such as taking a boat to an island, walking on forest trails with seascape views, and sailing on a yacht. Participants' systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure decreased, and participants' positive emotions increased and negative emotions decreased after the program. There was a statistically significant increase in mental well-being and perceived restorative environment. Through this study, it was found that nature-based outdoor activity programs based on forest and marine resources are effective in physiological and psychological stability of firefighters. It is hoped that the results of this study will be applied to other high-risk workers for PTSD, who have high stress levels, by combining forest healing and marine healing, and expanding the scope and diversity of programs in more diverse environments and conditions.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.23 no.1 s.53
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• pp.13-20
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• 1999

We previously reported that Korean red ginseng (KRG) has a relaxation effect on the smooth muscles of corpus cavernosum via nitric oxide (NO) pathway and calcium and potassium channels. However, it is suggested that the active ingredients of KRG might be different depending on the sources of preparation, and there might be differences in actions for different compositions. We first investigated the composition of KRG saponins according to the extractions of the various sources of KRG, then with these extractions the relaxation effects were evaluated in vitro and hemodynamical in vivo using New Zealand white rabbit and rat corpus cavernosum. The total compositions of ginsenoside $(G-Rb_1,\;-Rb_2,\;-Rc,\;-Rd,\;G-Re,\;-Rf,\;-Rg_1)$ in fractionated KRG saponin designated as TS-1, TS-2, TS-3 were $41\%,\;40\%,\;and\;62\%,$ respectively, and the ratios of PD saponin and PT saponin (PD/PT) were 1,55, 1.72, 2.25, and 2.61, the values of which were statistically significant. In vitro studies using the rabbit corpus cavernosal muscle strips, the KRG saponin relaxed cavernosal strips in a dose-dependent manner, and same results were observed in in vivo studies, that KRG saponin increased the intracavernosal pressure in the rat. There was difference in the efficacy according to fractionation techniques. The differences in the total contents of ginsenosides did not affect relaxation, rather PT saponin content was statistically related to the degree of cavernosal relaxation, and this action presumed to be mediated by NO pathway and calcium and potassium channels. In conclusion, KRG exerts relaxation which is a key step in erection via combination of effects on NO system or calcium and potassium channels. The efficacy of this action is different to the sources of ginseng, which is affected by the different composition of ginsenosides $(G-Rb_1,\;-Rb_2,\;-Rc,\;-Rd,\;G-Re,\;-Rf,\;-Rg_1).$ Thus the further studies on the active ingredients such as minor ginsenosides and non-saponin components of red ginseng with maximum potency should be sought.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.215-226
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• 2018

In this paper, to estimate the dynamic behavior of a submerged floating tunnel(SFT) by underwater explosion(UE), the SFT is modeled and analyzed by the explicit structural analysis package LS-DYNA. The section of SFT near to explosion point is modeled to shell and solid elements using elasto-plasticity material model for concrete tubular section and steel lining. And the other parts of the SFT are modeled to elastic beam elements. Also, mooring lines are modeled as tension-only cable elements. Total mass of SFT is including an added mass by hydrodynamic effect. The buoyancy on the SFT is considered in its initial condition using a dynamic relaxation method. The accuracy and the feasibility of the analysis model aree verified by the results of series of free field analysis for UE. And buoyancy ratio(B/W) of SFT, the distance between SFT and an explosion point and the arrangement of mooring line aree considered as main parameters of the explosion analysis. As results of the explosion analysis, the dynamic responses such as the dent deformation by the shock pressure are responded less as more distance between SFT and an explosion point. However, the mooring angle of the diagonal mooring system can not affect the responses such as the horizontal displacement of SFT by the shock pressure.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.480-488
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• 2016

For the development of areas around railway lines, subsurface construction using the non-open cut method under the railway has recently been increased. However, when a structure under a railway is constructed, the stress release of the ground is not considered an important factor in the design. In this study, laboratory tests were conducted to determine a zone of stress relaxation. Field tests using an inclinometer were performed to measure the horizontal displacement of the ground during non-open cut construction. The stress release zone and the subgrade stiffness were investigated by numerical analysis. The results of the laboratory tests indicated that the failure zone in the ground was similar to a Rankine's active earth pressure zone. The measured data from the inclinometer in the field tests showed that displacements started when a steel pipe was pushed into the ground. The results of numerical analysis show that lateral earth pressure was also close to Rankine's active earth pressure. The roadbed support stiffness of the soil around the structure decreased to 40% of the original value. The ground around the subsurface structure constructed using nonopen cut methods should be reinforced to maintain the running stability of train.