• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.429-439
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• 2003

Counter-current two-phase flows of air- water in narrow rectangular channels with offset strip fins have been experimentally investigated in a 760 mm long and 100 mm wide test section with 3.0 and 5.0 mm gap widths. The two-phase flow regime, channel-average void fractions and two-phase pressure gradients were studied. Flow regime transition occurred at lower superficial velocities of air than in the channels without fins. In the bubbly and slug flow regimes, elongated bubbles rose along the subchannel formed by fins without lateral movement. The critical void fraction for the bubbly-to-slug transition was about 0.14 for the 3 mm gap channel and 0.2 for the 5 mm gap channel. respectively. Channel-average void fractions in the channels with fins were almost the same as those in the channels without fins. Void fractions increased as the gap width increased, especially at high superficial velocity of air. The presence of fins enhanced the two-phase distribution parameter significantly in the slug flow, where the effect of gap width was almost negligible. Superficial velocity of air dominated the two-phase pressure gradients. Liquid superficial velocity and channel gap width has only a minor effect on the pressure gradients.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1103-1112
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• 2001

The effect of pressure gradients on the hairpin structures in three different turbulent boundary layers (ZPG : Re(sub)$\theta$=910, FPG : Re(sub)$\theta$=575, APG : Re(sub)$\theta$=1290) has been examined with instantaneous velocity fields obtained in streamwise-wall-normal planes using PIV (particle image velocimetry) method. In the outer layer hairpin vortices occur in streamwise-aligned packets that propagate with small velocity dispersion. The signature pattern of the hairpin consists of a spanwise vortex core located above a region of strong second quadrant fluctuation (u<0 and v>0 : Q2 event) is clearly observed. The formation of packets explains the occurrence of multiple VITA events in turbulent burst. Noticeable differences are found in the average inclination angles of hairpin vortex packets which are 45$^{\circ}$, 35.7$^{\circ}$, and 51.9$^{\circ}$in the case of ZPG, FPG and APG, respectively. It is found that the large, time-varying, irregularly shaped zones with nearly constant streamwise momentum exist throughout the boundary layer. Within the interior of the envelope the spatial coherence between the velocity fields induced by the individual vortices leads to strongly retarded streamwise momentum, explaining the zones of uniform momentum. The formation of the uniform momentum zone is remarkably different with respect to the pressure gradients especially in the logarithmic layer.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1440-1446
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• 2012

This paper presents an experimental study of heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of supercritical carbon dioxide with PAG inside a horizontal microfin tube. Heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop gradients were measured at 10 MPa in pressure and 520 kg/$m^2s$ in mass flux with variation of PAG mass concentration from 0.06% to 2.26%. The tendencies of both heat transfer and frictional pressure drop characteristics show the same as those of pure $CO_2$ up to 0.3% in PAG mass concentration. In case of 2.26% in PAG mass concentration, measured heat transfer coefficients showed 50% lower than those of pure $CO_2$ near the pseudocritical temperature and measured frictional pressure drop gradients show 1.6 times higher in comparison with those of pure $CO_2$ at $60^{\circ}C$ in $CO_2$ bulk temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2002.03a
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• pp.329-336
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• 2002

The earth structures and in-ground LNG tank, and buildings can be constructed with using artificial freezing method on the reclaimed land. In this study, upon freezing a saturated soil in a closed-system from the top, a considerable pressure was developed. The pressure is the result of the surface energy of a curved ice-water interface. The most significant of these parameters will have the greatest effect on the classification. In order to establish frost-susceptibility criteria based on frost heaving expansion pressure, more soils have to be tested. This study was initiated to investigate the soils frost heaving expansion pressure and moisture characteristics resulting from freezing and freezing-thawing cycle process. Weathered granite soils, sandy soil, sandy soil were used in the laboratory freezing test subjected to thermal gradients under closed- systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.31-39
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• 1999

Previous researches and experiments have already verified that the primary noise source of high pressure tandem axial thpe piston pump is fluid-borne noise from the process of oil distribution between the kidney-shaped port and valve plate. So, many researchers have improved pressure gradients and reduced sound levels by applying pre-compression and pre-decompression metering grooves to valve plate. In practice however, the sound level of th high pressure tandem axial type piston pump is still undesirable. This paper testified the effect of pumping phase of the piston on vibration and noise of th high pressure tandem axial type piston pump on the best of theoretical research in $this^(1)$. Therefore considering the pumping phase of the piston when assembling the tandem axial type piston pump, it is possible to reduce 1.5~2[dB]of sound level.

• 연구논문집
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• s.24
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• pp.151-159
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• 1994

The heat transfer and thermal stress analysis was performed on the ceramic core of the matrix-type recuperator. The efficiency was calculated as 34% to 65%. Triple-pass arrangement provided higher preheated air temperatures, lower thermal stresses and the increase of pressure drops. Higher temperature gradients and maximum peak stresses appeared on the corners of the ceramic core. The effect of boundary conditions was significant and the use of spring-load sealing mechanism could release thermal stresses.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.281-286
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• 2022

In this study, the effects of Elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication pressure on the critical shoulder height of raceway in an angular contact ball bearing were investigated. Both 3D contact analyses using an influence function and the EHL analysis were conducted for the contact geometry between the ball and raceways. The pressure distributions by 3D contact analysis and EHL analysis for an example bearing were compared. The effect of ellipse truncation on the minimum film thickness also investigated from EHL analysis. The critical shoulder height in the dry contact and the EHL state were compared for various applied loads. It is shown that when the ellipse truncation occurs, the pressure spike for the EHL conjunction is higher than that for the dry contact, and its location moves more inward of the contact center. The steep pressure gradients would increase the flow rate, so in order to maintain flow continuity a significant reduction in film thickness and an abrupt rise in pressure occurs in the edge of shoulder. Significant reduction of the minimum film thickness occurs near the edge of shoulder. The critical shoulder heights in the EHL state are calculated as higher values compared with in the dry contact. This results shows that the determination of critical shoulder height by the EHL analysis is more proper.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.196-201
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• 2004

Aerodynamic characteristics of three-dimensional wings in ground effect for Aero-levitation Electric Vehicle(AEV) are numerically investigated for various ground clearances and wing spans at the Reynolds number of $2\times10^6$. Numerical results show that a sizeable three-dimensional flow separation occurs with formation of an arch vortex at the junction of main and vertical wings, and that this is conjectured a primary cause for the high lift-to-drag(L/D) reduction rate of the main wing, when the wing span is decreased. Improvements on L/D ratios of the wings with small spans are pursued by breaking the coherence of superimposed adverse pressure gradients at the wing junction.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.57-64
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• 2005

Aerodynamic characteristics of three-dimensional wings in ground effect for Aero-levitation Electric Vehicle(AEV) are numerically investigated for various fairing shapes at the junctions of 3D Wings. Numerical results show that a sizeable three-dimensional comer flow separation occurs with formation of an arch vortex at the junction of main and vertical wings, and also that this is predicted the main cause of the high lift-to-drag(L/D) reduction rate of the main wing. To avoid the comer flow separation, the main idea of this study is to reduce the cross section gradient of the comer flow tube near the trailing edge for various fairing shapes. Improvements on L/D ratios of the wings are pursued by breaking the coherence of superimposed adverse pressure gradients at the wing junction when the cross section gradient is changed slowly at the trailing edge.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2012

In order to use sea breezes to counter the heat island phenomena, i.e. to promote urban ventilation, it is necessary to clarify the effect of building morphology and height on large-scale wind fields. In this study, the sea breeze in the vicinity of the Kanto Plain in Japan is simulated using a mesoscale meteorological model incorporating an urban canopy model, and the inland penetration of sea breezes is accurately reproduced. Additionally, a mean kinetic energy balance within a domain (Control Volume; CV) moving along the sea breeze is analysed. From the results, it is clarified that the sea breeze is interrupted by the resistance and turbulence caused by buildings at the centre of Tokyo. The interruption effect is increased in accordance with the height of these buildings. On the other hand, adverse pressure gradients interrupt in the internal region.