• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.131-143
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• 2022

The lunar exploration autonomous vehicle operates based on the lunar topography information obtained from real-time image characterization. For highly accurate topography characterization, a large number of training images with various background conditions are required. Since the real lunar topography images are difficult to obtain, it should be helpful to be able to generate mimic lunar image data artificially on the basis of the planetary analogs site images and real lunar images available. In this study, we aim to artificially create lunar topography images by using the location information-based style transfer algorithm known as Wavelet Correct Transform (WCT2). We conducted comparative experiments using lunar analog site images and real lunar topography images taken during China's and America's lunar-exploring projects (i.e., Chang'e and Apollo) to assess the efficacy of our suggested approach. The results show that the proposed techniques can create realistic images, which preserve the topography information of the analog site image while still showing the same condition as an image taken on lunar surface. The proposed algorithm also outperforms a conventional algorithm, Deep Photo Style Transfer (DPST) in terms of temporal and visual aspects. For future work, we intend to use the generated styled image data in combination with real image data for training lunar topography objects to be applied for topographic detection and segmentation. It is expected that this approach can significantly improve the performance of detection and segmentation models on real lunar topography images.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.377-388
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• 2022

Recently, several studies have utilized machine learning to efficiently and accurately analyze seismic data that are exponentially increasing. In this study, we expand earthquake information such as occurrence time, hypocentral location, and magnitude to produce a dataset for applying to machine learning, reducing the dimension of the expended data into dominant features through principal component analysis. The dimensional extended data comprises statistics of the earthquake information from the Global Centroid Moment Tensor catalog containing 36,699 seismic events. We perform data preprocessing using standard and max-min scaling and extract dominant features with principal components analysis from the scaled dataset. The scaling methods significantly reduced the deviation of feature values caused by different units. Among them, the standard scaling method transforms the median of each feature with a smaller deviation than other scaling methods. The six principal components extracted from the non-scaled dataset explain 99% of the original data. The sixteen principal components from the datasets, which are applied with standardization or max-min scaling, reconstruct 98% of the original datasets. These results indicate that more principal components are needed to preserve original data information with even distributed feature values. We propose a data processing method for efficient and accurate machine learning model to analyze the relationship between seismic data and seismic behavior.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.554-562
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• 2022

Humans technological advancements have resulted in the depletion of whale resources. Accordingly, the International Whaling Commission was established to preserve whale resources and ensure the orderly development of the whaling industry. After a commercial whaling moratorium came into effect, the international trade of whale meat and related products was banned. However, There is a systematic activity through illegal remodeling ships because whales incidentally caught may be distributed in Korea and have a significant economic benefit. Although suspected illegal whaling is actively cracked down, but it is still insufficient to prevent illegal whaling and distribution. To prevent this, stereoscopic crackdowns utilizing air forces and patrol ships are effective, and it is necessary to quickly separate the captured ship and crew to prevent the destruction of evidence. For the transparent distribution of whale meat, it is necessary to advance related technologies such as whale species identification and individual identification of forensic science institutions based on whale DNA database of the National Institute of Fisheries Science. Accordingly, the Korea Coast Guard Research Center is directly conducting research on related national R&D project. To increase the efficiency of identifying whale-related evidence at crime scene, a rapid test kit that responds specifically to whale bloodstrains is developing and evidence transport packs are manufacturing and distributing, while identification technologies are also being advanced.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.159-184
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• 2021

The significance of the enactment of the 「Act On The Safety Of And Support For Advanced Regenerative Medicine And Advanced Biological Products」 is to break away from the regulation of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act and expand patient treatment opportunities through a medical technology approach to regenerative medicine, which is essentially a medical practice called 'transplantation'. However, more than a year after the law was enacted, clinical study has not been activated, with not a single high-risk study approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety being approved. The reason is that despite the legal purpose of expanding patient treatment opportunities, the data requirements for clinical study approval are set in connection with drug development despite the insufficient legal basis, making it difficult for many researchers to meet the data requirements. Prior to the enactment of the Act, submitted data for clinical study on cell therapy products within the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act were cosiderably exempted from quality and non-clinical test data, but with the enforcement of the Advanced Regenerative Bio Act, quality and non-clinical test data are required in accordance with pharmaceuticals when applying for approval of a clinical study plan. To rectify this, when considering the identity of clinical study on advanced regenerative medicine to expand treatment opportunities, recognize that there are limitations in connection with drug development. And it is necessary to preserve the identity of clinical study on advanced regenerative medicine, and on the other hand, in the case of drug product approval, clinical study results should be utilized while specifying usage requirements. Therefore, with the power of the market and the voluntary motive of the clinical researcher, it is necessary to prepare the necessary data by themselves rather than the basic requirements for clinical study approval.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.55-70
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• 2021

In this study, in the field of remote sensing, where the scope of application is rapidly expanding to fields such as land monitoring, disaster prediction, facility safety inspection, and maintenance of cultural properties, monitoring of rural space and surrounding environment using UAV is utilized. It was carried out to verify the possibility, and the following main results were derived. First, the aerial image taken with an unmanned aerial vehicle had a much higher image size and spatial resolution than the aerial image provided by the National Geographic Information Service. It was suitable for analysis due to its high accuracy. Second, the more the number of photographed photos and the more complex the terrain features, the more the point cloud included in the aerial image taken with the UAV was extracted. As the amount of point cloud increases, accurate 3D mapping is possible, For accurate 3D mapping, it is judged that a point cloud acquisition method for difficult-to-photograph parts in the air is required. Third, 3D mapping technology using point cloud is effective for monitoring rural space and rural resources because it enables observation and comparison of parts that cannot be read from general aerial images. Fourth, the digital elevation model(DEM) produced with aerial image taken with an UAV can visually express the altitude and shape of the topography of the study site, so it can be used as data to predict the effects of topographical changes due to changes in rural space. Therefore, it is possible to utilize various results using the data included in the aerial image taken by the UAV. In this study, the superiority of images acquired by UAV was verified by comparison with existing images, and the effect of 3D mapping on rural space monitoring was visually analyzed. If various types of spatial data such as GIS analysis and topographic map production are collected and utilized using data that can be acquired by unmanned aerial vehicles, it is expected to be used as basic data for rural planning to maintain and preserve the rural environment.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.356-363
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• 2022

To investigate the functional activity of different citrus fruit peels, antioxidant compounds in 70% ethanol extracts of mandarin, lemon, orange, and grapefruit peel powders were identified, and antioxidant and antibacterial activities were quantitated. Mandarin peel contained the highest content of total phenolic compounds and total flavonoid substances (21.46±0.12 mg GAE/g and 11.57±0.05 mg RE/g, respectively). The total phenolic compound content of the three other citrus fruits was 14.16±0.18-18.44±0.07, and their total flavonoid content was 5.51±0.10-7.46±0.09 mg RE/g. DPPH radical scavenging activity was the highest in lemon peel (87.64±0.21%), and mandarin peel displayed the best antioxidant activity with respective ABTS radical scavenging activity and FRAP measurements of 43.20±0.61% and 78.82±1.06 mM TE/g. Grapefruit peel antimicrobial activity increased with treatment time, and was the most potent among the four tested citrus species, inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus by about 4.05 log cycle. These findings demonstrate that mandarin and grapefruit peel can be used to prevent oxidation, improve food storage capabilities, and potentially preserve food quality.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.101-114
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• 2020

Purpose - This paper examines the "Arrangement Concerning Mutual Assistance in Court-ordered Interim Measures in Aid of Arbitral Proceedings by the Courts of the Mainland and of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region" (the Arrangement), which became effective on October 1, 2019, calling on courts of mainland China and Hong Kong for reciprocal commitment in support of court-ordered interim measures in aid of arbitral proceedings. Because the Hong Kong courts have granted interim measures in aid of arbitral proceedings seated in and outside of Hong Kong even prior to the Arrangement becoming effective, this paper focuses on the significance of the Arrangement making Hong Kong the first and only seat outside of mainland China from which parties to arbitral proceedings may successfully obtain interim measures to preserve of assets, properties, and/or evidence from Chinese courts to be enforced in China. Design/methodology - The significance of interim measures in international arbitration and the existing circumstances of interim measures in support of international arbitral proceedings in mainland China and Hong Kong are discussed first in this paper. Due to the confidential nature of arbitral proceedings, while the details of applications for interim measures pursuant to the Arrangement cannot be discussed, in examining the implications of the Arrangement, the relevant and necessary information was made available from the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre, as it is one of the six qualified arbitral institutions under the Arrangement. Findings - This groundbreaking Arrangement provides a mechanism for parties with China-related matters to more effectively resolve their disputes, the opportunity for Hong Kong to become an unparalleled seat of arbitration, and for mainland China to overcome some of its negative perceptions in international arbitration. Because the Arrangement also allows parties to directly apply for interim measures from mainland Chinese courts, parties with China-related matters should take note of this potential bypassing of the procedural hurdle, which usually requires an arbitral institution to submit such applications in China, and make strategic decisions accordingly as may be appropriate. Originality/value - Because the Arrangement is a recent yet a significant agreement calling on courts of mainland China and Hong Kong for reciprocal commitment in support of court-ordered interim measures in aid of arbitral proceedings, this study will provide useful guidance for parties with China-related matters all over the world, especially in light of China's rapid economic growth and extensive and prominent trade relationships in today's world. Parties who foresee the need for interim measures from mainland Chinese courts should designate Hong Kong as their seat of arbitration and select one of the six qualified arbitral institutions under the Arrangement to administer their arbitral proceedings in order to benefit from the Arrangement.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 2021

In 2012, the National Park Service conducted an ecological health assessment to efficiently preserve and manage the ecosystem. The need for improving pre-existing management indicators was recognized from the revised Natural Park Act because, while the indicators of the existing evaluation system focused on endangered species, ecosystem disturbance, diversity, water quality (BOD, DO), and habitat fragmentation, they did not reflect the lack of indicators for marine ecological assessment, policy changes, and the time demands. The evaluation results comprised a five-point grading system, which made the analysis of immediate changes, difficult. Therefore, the benthic pollution index (BPI) and habitat restoration indicators were added to improve the evaluation system. The National Park was assessed using 10 classifications, however, only four classifications were evaluated. The ratings were divided into five states, and ten classes were presented as pictograms. The assessment results showed a similar trend as the indicators were improved, increasing from level 3 to level 5. However, the results of the Wolaksan National Park after improvement in the indicators were lower than that before the improvement, whereas, for the Juwangsan National Park, it was higher. This study aims at contributing to the scientific and systematic management of the national park ecosystem by improving the ecological health assessment system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.44
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• pp.53-73
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• 2021

This study is on the creation of art works through the methodological process of deducting the experiences and inspired feeling which the researcher experienced in the subconscious level as well as the conscious level in the field of floral art creation. The scene setting technique was applied to seize inner experiences and feeling in subconscious level. More concretely, visual note technique and image research technique were applied to record and preserve scenes as the seized inner mental images. To delineate the contents, the researcher created art works based on the experiences during the preparation period at the small town of Tours in France as well as the competitive and tough every day life during the attendance at the fashion school of ESOMD International Paris. The researcher was able to create 5 art works of Deja Vu, 'ㅅ(Seoul-Paris)', '崩(A Mountain on Two Moons)', '燈 (Load out and Stay)', 'ㅇ'deducting the deep experiences and inspired feeling through the methodological process in the subconscious level as well as the conscious level. The researcher was able to explore inner experiences finding self in disquietude and process of personal realization through the creation. The meaning of this research could be found as a case of qualitative research which presents approaches utilizing method of deducting experiences in subconscious level and applying to the creation of art works.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.132-144
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• 2022

The representative cultural heritage showing relatively clearly the growth and development of the Mahan culture in Jeollabuk-do is the tombs in Sangun-ri, Wanju. The tombs were excavated in the early 2000s; however, little effort has since been made to investigate or preserve the wider area around the tombs. Thus, only the status quo has been maintained except for the conservation of a few relic parks. In recent years, active cultural management has become necessary to maintain the historic areas in the Mahan cultural region, so these tombs are once again receiving attention. To further the preservation efforts in the area, it is important to actively discuss budget adjustments, consider additional investigation, and re-examine the academic value of the historic site. Practical limitations mean that it is necessary to approach the conservation strategy in stages. The first step is to have the areas of cultural interest and any adjacent lands urgently designated as provincially protected cultural heritage. Consequently, historically important areas on private land should be identified and purchased. Thereafter, a preservation plan should be established to reinforce the historical value of the sites as nationally designated historic sites. This can be achieved through the restoration of the landscape adjacent to the historic sites, as well as additional investigations and designation of sites in surrounding areas. These goals can only be achieved with the active interest and support of relevant institutions.