• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.329-341
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• 2023

We surveyed the vegetation of an ecological landscape preservation area (legally protected conservation areas or national parks) and the surrounding areas of Mt. Cheonggye, Republic of Korea, to explore the conservation implications for preservation areas and surrounding transition areas. We calculated diversity indices to identify the properties of the preservation and surrounding areas that are relevant to conservation efforts. We then compared the plant community composition between the areas using field and quadrat surveys in the preservation and surrounding areas. The cover of the dominant species in all tree and herb layers was markedly higher in the preservation area than in the peripheral zones. The species richness indices were significantly higher in the preservation area than in the peripheral zones. Ordination using detrended canonical correspondence analyses showed that the cover of the dominant tree species and rocks could explain the distribution of plant species in the Cartesian space of the ordination. Our results demonstrate that physiognomically designated protected areas match well with ecological data based on diversity indices and ordination analyses and that disturbances in the areas surrounding the ecological landscape of preservation areas can have considerable impacts on plant diversity indices. Hence, the preservation and management of surrounding areas are essential conservation elements for protecting the entire ecological landscape of preservation areas.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Artificial insemination technique has been contributed immensely for production of livestock worldwide as a critical assisted reproductive technique to preserve and propagate excellent genes in domestic animal industry. In the past decade, methods for semen preservation have been improved mostly in liquid preservation method for boar semen and freezing method for bull semen. Among many factors affecting semen quality during preservation, reactive oxygen species, produced by aerobic respiration in sperm for survival and motility, are unfavorable to sperm physiology. In mammalian cell as well as in the sperm, antioxidant system plays a role in degradation of reactive oxygen species. Magnetized water forms smaller stabilizing water clusters, resulting in high absorption and permeability of the cell for water, implicating its application for semen preservation. Therefore, this review focuses on preservation methods of boar and bull semen with respect to improvement of extender and reduction of reactive oxygen species by using magnetized water and supplementation of antioxidants.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.545-548
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• 2017

Nannophya pygmaea (commonly known as the scarlet dwarf dragonfly) was designated as an endangered species, level II, by the Ministry of Environment of Korea in 1994; it has been used as a flagship species for the protection and preservation of wetlands. Over 25 sites in Korea have been identified as the habitat of Nannophya pygmaea. However, most of these habitats have proven to be unstable, and there have been subsequent changes in the assemblage structure and organization. Most habitats changed to become grasslands or plain ground, and now only five habitats remain. Although efforts have been made to protect the Nannophya pygmaea as an endangered species, their habitat loss has increased, caused by natural succession and drought. Therefore, we need to make stronger protections in the preservation manual of level II endangered species, particularly Nannophya pygmaea, and its native habitats in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.29-51
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• 2001

The purpose of this research is to analyze of biotope structure focused on the evaluation for the species and biotope preservation in the case of Soosung District in Daegu metropolitan city. We analyzed the structure of urban biotope, and investigated the disposition of space and several characteristics through the material collection relating to the existing urban ecological material and the field investigation. The results of this study were as follows; 1) The result of biotope type classification was divided into 17 biotope type groups and 90 biotope types belonging to them. 2) The biotope type of mixed forest(QD) has the highest rate in occupation area, 1.764ha and the biotope type of cultivation areas by vinyle-hothouse(KC) has the lowest rate, 0.3ha. 3) In the result of the first evaluation for the species and biotope preservation, biotope types such as QB, QI, PA, PB, NB and NC etc. possess great value. Particulary, these biotope types come from forest areas and transition zone. They have not appeared in the inner of cities. 4) The biotope types such as CA, NA, NB, ND and PB are proved to possess high value in the result of rarity and riskiness evaluation. There appear EE, MA, NB, QC and QD in IV grade which is impossible to have them regenerative. They usually have appeared in forest areas. 5) There emerge 3a biotope type that has the highest value in the result of the second evaluation such as CC, EE, KF, LD, MB, NC, PB, QB and QI etc. Most of them were presented into the large area of site size and were distributed in the forest areas intensively. So, it is certain that the space for the species and biotope preservation connected with residential district is scarce. 6) The detailed biotope plan must be made out specially continuously. It is about biotope spaces that are especially important for the species and biotope preservation from the result of this research. Also, the study on the detailed index settlement of the urban landscape plan based on the biotope map must be continued.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.56-62
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• 2002

The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) considers the western/lowland bongo Tragelaphus eurycerus eurycerus to be a threatened species, and the eastern/mountain bongo Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci an endangered species［1］. Although extinction is considered by many biologists to be a natural process during evolution, the exponential growth of the human population has drastically and prematurely reduced the numbers and genetic diversity of many species［2］. Species have evolved to adapt to a specific habitat or environment that meet their survival needs. Alteration or destruction of their habitat results in a species becoming incapable of adapting and hence becoming threatened with extinction. A widespread scientific and public consensus has emerged suggesting that governments should assign high priority to the maintenance of biological diversity via habitat preservation and management far species conservation［3］. Unfortunately, the loss of biological diversity far surpasses the available conservation resources and species are lost forever on a daily basis［4］. Notwithstanding the focus on habitat preservation and wildlife management, conservation biologists have also become increasingly interested in using the technologies of reproductive and developmental biology to help manage or rescue endangered species［5］.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.356-361
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• 2016

During storage, boar spermatozoa undergo several changes including diminished motility and viability and accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we investigated the effects of green tea extract (GTE) supplementation in the Sui Dil extender on the sperm motility, viability, ROS and lipid peroxidation (LPO) of long-term preserved boar semen at $17^{\circ}C$. A total number of eight boars were used for this experiment. Pooled ejaculates were diluted to $20{\times}10^6sperm/ml$ in the Sui Dil extender containing 0 (control), 1, 10, 100 or 500 mg/l GTE and were preserved at $17^{\circ}C$ for 24, 72, 120 and 168 h, respectively. At each storage time, sperm motility and viability were estimated by microscopic examination and the fluorescent double stain $Fertilight^{(R)}$, respectively. Sperm ROS level and LPO were assessed using the 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate ($H_2DCFDA$)/propidium iodide (PI) and C11-BODIPY581/591/PI with flow cytometry, respectively. Compared to that of the 500 mg group, there were higher sperm motility and viability in the 1, 10 and 100 mg GTE groups during the preservation from 24 to 168 h (p < 0.05). The ROS levels of the 10 and 100 mg groups during the 168 h preservation were lower than those of the 0, 1 and 500 mg groups (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in LPO regardless of the preservation period or the GTE concentration. In conclusion, the optimal concentrations (10 and 100 mg/l) of GTE that led to lower ROS levels may be useful for liquid boar sperm preservation at $17^{\circ}C$ for a period of 168 h.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.375-381
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• 2018

The monitoring of phytoplankton biomass and community structure is essential as a first step to control the harmful cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater systems, such as seen in rivers and lakes, due to the process of eutrophication and climate change. In order to quantify the biomass of phytoplankton with a wide range in size and shape, the measurement of cell biovolume along with cell density is required for a comprehensive review on this issue. However, most routine monitoring programs preserve the gathered phytoplankton samples before analysis using chemical additives, because of the constraint of time and the number of samples. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cell biovolume change characteristics of six cyanobacterial species, which are common bloom-causing cyanobacteria in the Nakdong River, after the preservation with Lugol's iodine solution. All species showed a statistically significant difference after the addition of Lugol's iodine solution compared to the live cell biovolume, and the cell biovolume decreased to the level of 34.0 ~ 56.3 % at maximum in each species after the preservation. The nonlinear regression models for determining the shrinkage ratio by a preservation period were derived by using the cell biovolume measured until 180 days preservation of each target species, and the equation to convert the cell biovolume measured after preservation for a certain period to the cell biovolume of viable cell was derived using that formula. The conversion equation derived from this study can be used to estimate the actual cell biovolume in the natural environment at the time of sampling, by using the measured biovolume after the preservation in the phytoplankton monitoring. Moreover this is expected to contribute to the final interpretation of the water quality and aquatic ecosystem impacts due to the cyanobacterial blooms.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 2018

Clithon retropictus has been protected by the Ministry of Environment as an endangered species since 1998 and has been listed on the state red list of endangered species category II. It is viewed as a representative for all endangered species in the northeastern coastal waters of Korea. Most of the habitats of C. retropictus have been found to be in an unstable state because of development projects such as road construction, small stream development, irrigation for securing agricultural water, and flood prevention. These habitats are damaged by small stream maintenance projects and development, and the risk of damage is increasing and active efforts are needed in order to protect them. Although the Ministry of Environment is striving to preserve this endangered species, the habitat of C. retropictus is still facing external threats because it spreads to only a small area at high densities. Therefore, in order to protect the habitat of C. retropictus, a level II endangered species, it is urgent to make an effort to minimize habitat damage and to take measures for its protection.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.59-80
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• 2010

This research This research aims at developing systemic evaluation model in terms of biotope preservation through reports, literatures, and expert survey analysis by implementing biotope structure analysis in area level with selecting Hyunpoong and Yuga-myeon, Dalseong county, Daegu metropolitan city as a site. First of all, as a result of biotope type classification of research site, biotope type groups are classified into total 13, and its biotope types are divided into total 61. Also, as a result of literature analysis, total 18 items are drawn such as diversity of biotope typical species as a index item to assess the preservation value of biotope, and the first evaluation index are divided into 10 and the second ones are divided into 8 according to characteristic of index items. As a result of expert survey analysis, All 10 index items, first evaluation index, show high importance average (above 4.7). As a result of implementation of main cause for categorizing evaluation index by characteristic, there are 3 factors such as 'obstructive factor.' Based on above survey analysis result, as a result of estimating the weight of each item, 'restoration factor' showed the highest, 3.4541, but 'factor of habitat stability' showed 3.1468, which is the lowest The systemic value evaluation was set by comprehensively analyzing these results. As a result of biotope preservation value evaluation through applying research site, total 19 types which are abundant in vegetation are classified into I class, 12 types in II class, 5 types in III class, 10 types in IV class, and 15 types in V class respectively. Lastly, as a result of second evaluation, it is analyzed that there are 17 special meaningful space to preserve species and biotope(1a, 1b) and 61 meaningful space to preserve species (2a, 2b, 2c).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.648-658
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• 2016

Preservation of fresh algae plays an important role in algae seed subculture and aquaculture. The determination and examination of the changes of cell viability, composition, and bacterial species during storage would help to take suitable preservation methods to prolong the preservation time of fresh algae. Nostoc flagelliforme is a kind of edible cyanobacterium with important herbal and dietary values. This article investigated the changes of bacterial species and biochemical characteristics of fresh N. flagelliforme concentrate during natural storage. It was found that the viability of cells decreased along with the storage time. Fourteen bacteria strains in the algae concentrate were identified by PCR-DGGE and were grouped into four phyla, including Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Among them, Enterococcus viikkiensis may be a concern in the preservation. Eleven volatile organic compounds were identified from N. flagelliforme cells, in which geosmin could be treated as an indicator of the freshness of N. flagelliforme. The occurrence of indole compound may be an indicator of the degradation of cells.