• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to present the legal object in the related legislation taking the present condition of the domestic laws and the leading cases connected with ecological restoration materials and analyzing their properties according to the analytic standards which are legal class and ecological restoration material items, the present condition by the field of ecological restoration business, interrelationship between the law and the leading cases, comparison of the domestic laws with the foreign regulations. The results of this study are as follows; 1) Detailed enforcement regulation(36.5% of totals), enforcement regulation(32.4%) and law(31.1%) as legal class of the domestic legislation relating to ecological restoration materials are in the order of frequency that shows the little strong frequency at low-ranking class. By items, the number of legislation relating to planting material holds about majority, next to it, stone material, soil material and wood material are in the order of frequency. 2) By the field of ecological restoration business, legislation relating to administration forms the highest frequency(36.3% of totals), next to it, material properties(23.4%), plan design(13.0%) are in the order of frequency. 3) For the number of the leading cases by items of ecological restoration materials, those are, for the most part, them relating to planting material(93.8% of totals). The number of legislation relating to planting material forms the highest frequency at laws and the leading cases in common. 4) The domestic legislation connected with ecological restoration materials is mainly to be in legal class of the positive law, on the contrary, a foreign country has legislation widely consisted of laws, ordinances and other general regulations. Some foreign country legislated the topsoil conservation act, but not to domestic. The result of this study will be applied to legislature and court as reference materials, and to the public and public officer as a means of an understanding of ecological restoration materials.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.47-61
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• 1997

This study was conducted to grasp the present condition of the name and the related text of the domestic laws (97 statutes, 1 examination, 1 guide, 3 ordinances, 1 leading case) in force which were connected with landscape plant and planting. Examining the general tree-planting system of America, the related foreign laws(1 constitution, 44 statutes, 31 ordinances, 6 leading cases) were arranged in the name and the text and classified by nations of regional groups and it was considered to the mutual relation with lots of laws which are scattered with the various laws. To examine the points at issue of the related domestic laws and to study the related foreign laws, the remedies for the domestic laws being at issue were proposed. That is : A change of the landscape planting concept, the introduction of the landscape planting cost compared with the total construction cost, the unification of the landscape planting ordinances as the unit of city, the clarification of the completion period for the depect of the replaced trees. putting the conservation and production of the top soil under an obligation the adoption of a licence system for the tree planting within the river area, the introduction of the allotment system for landscape architectural expenses, the encouragement of making a hedge, the settlement for the problems of the trees loss compensation, the necessity for the quality test to the landscape planting works, the intensification of the punitive rules to the illegal felling and planting of the trees in the greenzone area, the application of the Labor Standard Act to the landscape planting laborers. The laws relating to landscape plant and planting are prescribed dispersedly in the many other related laws and it is concluded to be impossible for the legislation of the singular law which is applied uniformly to the department of the tree-planting. Hereafter it should be required to analyze concretely in detail the each text of the related laws by means of the joint studies between the professional landscape architects and the lawyers.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2015

아파트 단지 내 대형교목은 공동주택 외부환경의 질적 수준을 좌우하는 주요한 요인이다. 이것은 단지의 랜드 마크적 활용 및 공간 상징성 제고를 위한 목적으로 활용된다. 그러나 대형교목의 식재는 높은 유지관리비용 및 하자의 발생으로 오히려 외부환경의 질적 저하를 초래하는 요인이 되기도 한다. 이에 본 연구는 공동주택 인공지반에 식재되는 대형 교목을 대상으로, 식재실태를 분석하여 대형교목의 식재 개선방향 제시를 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 3개 대상지의 대형교목(R20이상) 총 265주를 대상으로, 조경설계계획 및 현장설계 변경사항, 그리고 준공실태를 관련 설계도서 및 현장 조사를 기반으로 식재 현황 및 최소 생육 토심, 추가 토심조치 유형 등을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 공동주택의 대형교목 조경설계는 85% 심근성 수종으로 평균 R35의 대형교목이 인공지반에 식재되고, 평균 65cm 최소 생육 토심이 부족한 것으로 조사되었다. 그리고 현장설계변경은 주로 R30과 R40의 특정 규격에 한정된 검토가 이루어지고, 부족 토심에 대한 추가계획 등은 수반되지 않고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 다음으로, 추가 토심 확보방안으로 85%가 마운딩으로 조치하였으나, 만족율은 10%내외로 매우 낮아, 조치방법에 문제가 있음을 지적하였다. 또한 대형 교목의 규격과 뿌리근 특성 이외에, 식재 입지선정이 최소 생육 토심 확보에 주요한 요인임을 지적하고, 식재계획 시 개선방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.82-95
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• 2014

본 연구는 전통공간의 수목정비방안 마련을 위해 광한루원을 사례로 진행되었다. 이를 위해 전통공간의 수종 선정과 수목정비 동향에 대한 이론적 고찰이 선행되었으며, 광한루원의 현장조사를 통한 식재현황을 분석하고, 과거 문헌 및 기록 등에 나타나는 수종 및 식재경관을 토대로 광한루원의 수목정비방안을 도출한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전통공간의 수종 선정과 수목정비에 관한 동향을 살펴본 결과, 전통공간 내에 식재된 외래수종에 대하여 맹목적인 지양은 한계가 있으며 전통공간의 수종 선정에 대한 논의는 오늘날까지 이어져오고 있는 시점에서 수목정비에 대한 외래수종의 무분별한 제거 및 향토식물의 맹목적 식재 등의 이분법적 정비방안 및 비검증된 사료의 맹신은 배제되어야 한다. 둘째, 광한루원 내에 식재된 수종을 조사한 결과 소나무, 느티나무, 은행나무, 배롱나무 등 전통공간에서 애용되었던 수종들이 주로 식재되어 있으나 각 공간의 성격을 고려할 때, 광한루 일대를 제외한 광한루원 경내의 수목 식재는 전통공간의 성격과는 무관한 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 문헌이나 문학작품 등에서 나타나는 광한루원의 수목식재 관련 기록을 살펴본 결과, 현재 광한루원 내에 식재된 수종 중 버드나무류, 배롱나무, 대나무(이대), 연꽃만이 나타나고 있어 고증을 통한 수목정비에는 무리가 따른다. 넷째, 광한루원의 각 권역별 수목정비방안을 모색한 결과, 광한루 권역은 역사적 시대성과 장소성을 지니고 있으며 오늘날 그 모습을 복원해나가고 있어 현재의 상태를 유지하는 방향으로 설정되어야 한다. 완월정 권역은 광한루의 건조물군과 유사한 형태로서 자칫 원형으로 오인될 수 있으므로 완충식재를 통한 전이 공간 조성 등 광한루 권역과는 다른 별도의 장소성 확보가 필요하다. 월매집 권역과 잔디광장 권역은 과거 성외 장시이자 대규모의 숲으로서 율림의 상징적 복원과 동시에 경내의 편의시설 및 관리시설의 집적을 통해 성외 장시의 모습을 재현하도록 하며, 완월정 동측 잔디광장은 완월정 권역과 연계하여 활용적 측면에서 현재와 같이 개방된 형태를 유지하는 방안을 제언하고자 한다. 광한루원 경계 권역은 고증의 측면과 현존요소의 진정성 여부를 살펴보았을 때 전통공간의 장소성과는 연관 짓기 어려운 장소로서 과거 문학작품에서 나타나는 문화경관을 반영하는 것 또한 하나의 정비방안으로 고려할 만하다 판단된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.195-199
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• 2010

This experiment was conducted to develop optimum sesame cultivation practices as succeeding cropping system of watermelon in the greenhouse condition. We also compared major components in sesame seed cultivated in the greenhouse and open field condition. The adaptable varieties under the greenhouse condition were white sesame 'Pyoungan' and black sesame 'Jinki' which showed higher yield and disease resistance. We also conducted several experiments to determine optimum sowing date, planting density and pinching time. Grain yields were statistically different according to the several sowing dates. In general, sesame sowing on June 30th showed higher grain yields than July 10th, July 20th and July 30th in the greenhouse. We also found out sesame cultivation practice with the row spacing of 40 cm and interplant spacing of 30 cm (a few branch type) or 40 cm (many branch type) showed higher yield than other treatments. Optimum pinching time was 25 days after first flowering in main stem when thousand seed weight and grain yield were highest. In the comparison of major components of sesame at the different cultivation conditions, sesame seeds cultivated in the greenhouse contained 4% much more oil content than open field condition. The lignan compounds, sesamin and sesamolin were also higher by 6% in the greenhouse than open field condition. It was concluded that sesame cultivation practices as succeeding cropping system of watermelon in the greenhouse condition guaranteed higher grain yield with less labor input which is now emerging alternative farming practice system in present aging rural society and will also give sesame cultivation farmers to increase net income in Korea.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.881-890
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• 2011

In this study, thermal environment changes for a marathon course of IAAF World Championship, Daegu 2011 were modeled to provide improvements of thermal environment, so that runners could have the maximum condition and citizens pleasant streets. The three biggest size of intersections were selected for the study. Envi-met, 3G microclimate model, were used for a thermal environment analysis and three different cases - present status, planting roadside tree scenario, and roof-garden scenario - were compared. The followings are the results of the study. 1. The highest thermal distribution were shown at 1 p.m., but there was no significant difference between a thermal distribution at 1 p.m. and that at 5 p.m. since a heat flux from buildings affects thermal distributions rather than insolation does. 2. Tree planting or adding environmental friendly factors might lead a temperature drop effect, but the effect was not significant for areas covered with impermeability packing materials such as concrete or asphalt (especally, for Site case 2) 3. The combination of tree planting and adding environmental friendly factors also brought a temperature drop effect (Site 1 and 2) and this case showed even better result if green spaces (especially, parks) were closed.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.93-105
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• 1996

본 연구의 목적은 GIS를 활용해 공원시공후 발생될 물리적.생태적 문제를 해결키 위해 현상태를 종합적으로 평가하고 그 개선방향을 제시하는데 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 남산골 제모습 찾기의 일환으로 남산의 원지형 복원을 시도한 남산골 공원을 대상으로 시공전후의 지형변경, 토양여건, 색생, 수문/기상 등을 조사 혹은 측정해 나타난 문제들을 GIS를 통해 분석하였다. 주요 조사항목은 지형(질성토지역, 경사도) 토양(pH, EC, 유기물, 보수력, 가비중, 공극율), 식생(식재상태, 식재밀도, 수종), 수문/기상(강우량, 배수 및 유역)등이며, 토양관련 중첩(토양+절성토, 토양+소나무)지형관련 중첩(절성토+식재밀도, 절성토+수종)등을 종합 분석하였다. 그 결과로서 현재 남산골 공원은 토양상태가 불량하여 공원개방 초기에 집중적이며 계획적인 관리가 되지 않으면 이식된 수목의 활착이 어려운 상태이다. 식생은 생태적 조성을 추구하면서도 상징적인 소나무를 집중식재하는 등의 문제가 나타났다. 이 문제의 해결방안으로는 능선부 관수시설의 도입, 유기물 시비와 같은 토양개선, 부분이지만 식생수종의 개량 등이 지적되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.565-572
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• 2003

The aim of this research is to survey the census of street trees and to provide remedial measures for street trees management to Miryang City. To do this, survey was carried out 16 region units in Miryang City. Through the survey, the current status of street trees’ map was made using automated map. From the results, it is turned out that 17,079 trees have been planted in Miryang City. The major species of street trees are Prunus serrulata var. spontanea(41.6%), Ginkgo biloba(26.1%), Pinus thunbergiana(13.3%) and the others are 12 species(19.0%). By the region units, Samrangjin-Eub is the most that 2,308 street trees are planted, and the next is Chodong-Myon(2,206 trees). The littlest street trees planted region is Cheongdo-Myon. In the results of comparison the component of street trees with other municipal cities, e.g. Seoul, Incheon, Kwangyang etc., only a few street trees have been planted so many in Miryang City. So, Miryang City indicated high proportionate street trees planting ratio. The suggested remedial measures are consisted with identifying the each street, increasing the green area by accepting the suitable street tree planting model, improving the physiological growth condition and systematic management with GIS.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2013

Problems in regard of ecological stability of urban ecosystem ensue from climate change and urbanization. Particularly, urban ecological conditions are deteriorating both quantitatively and qualitatively to a great extent. The present study aims to assess the current condition of selected sites (i. e. urban green zones and parks) in terms of preset assessment components; to find out problems and relevant solutions to improve the quality and quantity of parks and green zones; and ultimately to suggest some measures applicable to coping with climate change as well as to securing the ecological attributes of urban green zones and parks. According to the findings of this study, from quantitative perspectives, ecological attributes and responsiveness to climate change are high on account of the large natural-soil area(80%). By contrast, from qualitative perspectives including the planting structure (1 layer: 47%), the percentage of bush area(17%), the connectivity with surrounding green zones (independent types: 44%), the wind paths considered (5.6%), the tree species with high carbon absorption rates (20%), water cycles (17%), energy (8%) and carbon storage capacities(61%), ecological attributes and responsiveness to climate change were found very low. These findings suggest that the ecological values of urban parks and green zones should be improved in the future by conserving their original forms, securing natural-soil grounds and employing multi-layered planting structures and water bodies, and that responsiveness to climate change should be enhanced by planting tree species with high carbon storage capacities and obtaining detention ponds. In sum, robust efforts should be exerted in the initial planning stages, and sustained, to apply the methodology of green-zone development along with securing ecological attributes and responsiveness to climate change.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.98-108
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• 1999

The purpose of this research is to help outdoor space planning reflected real needs of apartment residents in the differentiation elements of outdoor space, by using USC trade-off game in three apartment complexes in Seoul. This game method was used to evaluate their preference, reliability of preference degree, satisfaction degree, requirement elements such as improvement, sacrifice, maintenance of present condition, and payment possibility for improving and maintaining present condition, in addition to their preference and payment possibility of differentiation of outdoor space in the apartment complex in the future. From the statical analysis, we found the following results: 1. Reliability of preference degree was valid, inasmuch as the first elements they preferred were the almost same as the last things. 2. Elements of preference were pedestrian ways, pedestrian security facilities, various athletic facilities, and variety and high-class facilities in a play ground. 3. Satisfaction degree of differentiation elements of outdoor space was low not only in total complexes but also in each complex. As a result of analysis, these elements were not satisfied with residents. 4. Most of the differentiation elements of outdoor space in three apartment complexes, except planting traditional trees, were required to improve and maintain present condition. The cost to improve and maintain these elements able to pay by them was about 2.18 million won. Through this result, these elements were not options but prerequisites for planning outdoor space in apartment complexes. 5. In the future preference elements of differentiation of outdoor space in apartment complexes were pedestrian and jogging ways, places with water, various athletic places and facilities, multi-function resting places, green spaces in experiences, pedestrian security facilities, various athletic facilities, variety and high-class facilities in a play ground, and payment possibility for these elements was about 3.20 million won.