• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1032-1037
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• 2008

Lowly volatile heterocyclic sulfur compounds generated in autoclaved garlic extract were isolated and identified, and their antimicrobial activity was determined. Two kinds of unusual volatile sulfur compounds were separated from heated garlic by preparative recycling high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and identified by gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) and $^1H$-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). They had heterocyclic structures with 4 to 5 sulfur atoms in the molecules. 4-Methyl-1,2,3-trithiolane (MTTT) is highly volatile and was not able to be concentrated, and was identified by GCMS only. MTTT and 6-methyl-1,2,3,4,5-pentathiepane (MPTP) are lowly volatile and were obtained in pure states to be positively identified for the first time. All 3 heterocyclic sulfur compounds began to appear by the time when the early-formed diallyl sulfides started to disappear. The minimum inhibitory concentration range of MTTT and MPTP was determined to be between 1 and 6 ppm against all yeasts tested. MTTT and MPTP were lowly volatile and sparingly soluble in water.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.149-153
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• 1977

Evodia daniellii $H_{EMSLEY}$ (Rutaceae) is cultivated in Korea and used as a folkmedicine for gastric inflammation, extermination of noxious insects, headache and antiinflammatory. The seed oil of this plant also has been used in various diseases, for example, dermatitis, scabies and so forth. Fructus Evodiae seed oil sterols were obtained from the nonsaponifiable matters of ethereal extract of the seed. The composition of sterols have been determined by gas liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography on the preparative plates. It was noted that ${\beta}-sitosterol$ was the major sterols in the Evodia daniellii $H_{EMSLEY}$ in Korea. The results showed that contents of Evodia daniellii $H_{EMSLEY}$ sterols were campesterol 14.01%, stigmasterol 4.36%, ${\beta}-sitosterol$ 71.26%, ${\delta}^7-sterol$ 9.21% and unknown sterol 1.16% by method of triangulation and campesterol 13.02%, stigmasterol 3.87%, ${\beta}-sitosterol$ 74.34%, ${\delta}^7-sterol$ 8.67% and unknown sterol 1.85% by method of planimetry.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1139-1141
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• 2009

Clitocybin D, a novel human neutrophil elastase inhibitor, was isolated from the culture broth of Clitocybe aurantiaca. This compound was purified by solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and preparative HPLC. The compound was determined to be 4-(4,6-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-3H-isoindol-1-yl)-benzoic acid on the basis of 1D and 2D NMRs and MS spectroscopic analysis. Analysis of the human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitory activity of the isolated compound revealed that it showed significant HNE inhibitory activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of $17.8{\mu}M$.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.12-15
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• 2001

The antioxidative compounds and antioxidant contents of ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizomes were determined. Substances reextracted using ethyl acetate from crude methanol extract of fresh ginger rhizome were separated through thin layer chromatography. Ten phenolic antioxidative bands were visualized through color reactions using ferric chloride-potassium ferricyanide and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylbydrazyl (DPPH). The antioxidative compounds were purified through preparative TLC and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), among which, five antioxidants were identified as 4-, 6-, 8-. and 10-gingerols and 6-shogaol on the basis of their molecular weights determined through LC-MS. As shown in experiments using DPPH free radicals, 6-Gingerol and PT4-HP8 (unknown) were revealed to be more efficient than BHT (butylated hydroxy toluene). Contents of gingerols were determined through reverse phase HPLC. Total gingerol contents (sum of 6-,8-, and 10-gingerols) in rhizomes of different ginger varieties varied significantly. The HG55 (collected at Wanju district in Korea) and the HG52 (imported from Brazil) showed the highest gingerol contents.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 1998

Glycolipids produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa YPJ-80 were characterized by chromatographic and spectorscopic techniques as a mixture of two rhamnolipids. For recovery of glycolipids from the culture broth, various isolation methods including ultrafiltration, adsorption and solvent extraction were compared. Ultrafiltration showed the best results in terms of glycolipids recovery. Further purification for spectroscopic analysis was carried out by adsorption chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography. From the spectroscopic analysis, such as IR spectroscopy. FAB-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR and hydrolysis analysis, the glycolipids were identified as L-${\alpha}$-rhamnopyranosyl-${\beta}$-hydroxydecanoly-${\beta}$-hydroxydecanoate and 2-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl-${\beta}$-hydroxydecanoyl-${\beta}$-hydroxydecanoate. Monorhamnolipid and dirhamnolipid lowered the surface tension of water to 28.1 mN/M and 29.3 mN/m, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2009

Strain PUPC1 produces an antifungal protease as well as plant growth promoting enzymes such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and phosphatase. Morphological, cultural, and physiological characteristics as well as 16S rRNA gene-sequence-based phylogenetic analysis confirmed the taxonomic affiliation of PUPC1 as Chryseobacterium aquaticum. The optimum growth of PUPC1 was observed at pH 6.0 and $30^{\circ}C$, and maximum protease production was observed in medium B amended with 1% tryptone, 0.5% sucrose, and 0.005% $MnCl_2$. The protease was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography, and electroelution from preparative SDS-PAGE. The protease had a molecular mass of 18.5 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature stability of the protease were pH 5.0-10.0 and temperature $40-70^{\circ}C$. Chryseobacterium aquaticum PUPC1 and its protease showed a broad-spectrum antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi. Strain PUPC1 also exhibited plant growth promoting traits. The objective of the present investigation was to isolate a strain for agricultural application for plant growth promotion and biocontrol of fungal diseases.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.197-205
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• 1996

The $\beta$-xylosidase was purified 99- fold from the culture supernatant of Pseudo onas sp. CB-33 by ammonium sulfate precipitation, PEI precipita- tion, DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography and preparative disc gel electrophoresis. Molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 44,000 by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme has a pH optimum for activity at 7.0 and is stable over pH 6.5-9.0. The optimal temperature of the enzyme was 45$\circ$C, and its enzymatic activity was completely inactivated at 55$\circ$C for 30 min. Km value of the enzyme for p-nitrophenyl-$\beta$-D-xylopyranoside was calculated to be 4.6 mM. The effect of various reagents on the $\beta$-xylosidase activity was investigated. The enzyme activity was completely inhibited by Hg$^{2+}$, Cu$^{2+}$ and Zn$^{2+}$. The $\beta$-xylosidase was inactivated by tryptophan-specific reagent, N-bromosuccinimide and tyrosine-specific reagent, iodine. The enzyme could degrade xylo-oligosaccharides to xylose and the enzyme was competitively inhibited by xylose. The $\beta$-xylosidase and endoxylanase from Psedomonas sp. CB-33 hydrolized xylan synergically. The purified enzyme also showed $\alpha$-L-arabinofuranosidase activity.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.146-150
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• 1999

As a part of the integrated disease system in greenhouse, an antifungal fungus(AF1) was isolated from greenhouse soil. It exhibited strong inhibitory activites against Pythium ultimum, Phytophtora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, and Fusarium oxysporum based on dual culture on 1/5 strength of potato dextrose agar between antagonistic fungus and several plant pathogens. The antagonistic fungus was identified as Chaetomium cochliodes, based on morphological characteristics; the body of the perithecium bears straight or slightly wavy, unbranched hairs, whilst the apex bears a group of spirally coiled hairs. To investigate antagonistic principles, antifungal compound was extracted and fractionated by different solvent systems. An antifungal compound was isolated as pure crystal from is culture filtrate using organic solvent extraction and column chromatography, followed by preparative thin layer chromatography. The chemical structure of the purified antifungal compound was identified as chaetoglobosin A based on the data obtained form $^1H-NMR$, $^{13}C-NMR$, DEPT 90, 135, $^1H-^1H$ COSY, $^1H-^{13}C$ COSY and EI/MS. $ED_{50}$ values of the chaetoglobosin A against P. ultimum, P. capsici, R. solani, B. cinerea and F. oxysporum were 1.98, 4.01, 4.16, 2.67 and 35.14 ppm, respectively.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.18-22
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• 1993

An assay system by using antibody was adopted to screen the endoinulinase producingfungi due to its high specificity toward endoinulinase, To determine whether the affinity-purified rabbit serum, which were generated against the purified endoinulinase, can react only with the endoinulinase, rocket immunoelectrophoresis was performed. The results showed that the serum specifically reacts with endoinulinase but not with exoinulinase and other proteins in the culture media. Using this polyclonal antibody, a strain from 62 fungal colonies was selected and it secreted an endoinulinase in the culture media to the amount comparable to that of Aspergillus ficuum A Tee 16882 known as a high endoinulinase producer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.726-731
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• 2001

To enhance the utilization of chestnut husk discarded in the processing company antioxidative activities and compounds were investigated. Antioxidative activities of solvent fractions from chestnut husk were examined by benzoic acid hydroxylation method ferric thiocyanate method and DPPH test. Ethyl acetate fraction showed strong antioxidative activities comparable to BHA. Active compounds were isolated and purified from ethyl acetate fraction by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and preparative HPLC. A major active compound gallic acid was identified by $^{1}$H and $^{13}$ C-NMR. The phenolic acid contents was analyzed by GC and ellagic acid (172.22 mg%) and gallic acid (107.39 mg%) were major phenolic acid of chestnut husk.