• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 1997

목적 : 절제 가능한 직장암 환자에서 수술전 방사선 치료를 시행한 예들(대상군)과 동일한 임상병기에서 수술만을 시행했던 예들(대조군)사이의 수술후 병리 조직학적 소견들을 비교하여 수술전 방사선 치료의 효과에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 :1995년 7월부터 1996년 4월까지 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 방사선종양 학과에서 수술전방사선치료를 받았던 19명의 환자중 수술을 시행받은 16명을 대상으로 하였으며, 이를 과거에 수술만을 시행했던 31명과 후향적분석을 통해 비교하였다. 진단 당시 이들의 임상병기 분류는 Thomas Jefferson(TJ) system을 이용하였다. 수술전 방사선 치료는 매일 180-200 cGy로 주 5회, 총 방사선 조사량 4500-5000cGy까지 시행하였으며, 방사선 치료가 끝나고 평균 4주후에 수술을 시행하였다. 수술후 병기 결정은 Modified Astler-Coiler(MAC) system을 이용하였다. 방사선 치료후 임상 병기에 따른 수술후 병리학적 병기와 소견을 관찰하고, 이 결과를 수술전 동일한 임상 병기를 지녔던 대조군의 병리학적 소견과 비교하였다 병리학적 소견으로는 종양세포의 혈관 침범, 림프관 침범및 신경조직주위 침범여부 등을 관찰하였다. 통계학적 방법으로는 chi-square test를 사용하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되었던 19명중 16명에서 종양의 위치에 관계없이 방사선 치료후 항문보존적 근치수술을 시행할수 있었으며, 방사선 치료후 1명$(6.3\%)$의 환자가 병리조직학적으로 완전반응을 보였다. 방사선 치료후에 항문보존적 근치수술을 시행했던 대상군과 수술만을 시행했던 대조군사 이의 임상적 병기와 수술후 병기를 비교해 보면 TJ stage III였던 경우, 9명의 대상군중에서는 완전반응을 보인 1명을 제외하고는, 8명 모두가 MAC stage B로 나타났으며$(88.9\%)$, 17명의 대조관에서는 B인 경우가 11명$(64.7\%)$, C인 경우가 6명$(35.3\%)$이었으며, TJ stage III였던 경우, 7명의 대상군에서는 MAC stage상 B인 경우가 4명$(57.1\%)$, C인 경우가 3명 $(42.9\%)$이었고, 14명의 대조관에서는 B인 경우가 4명$(28.6\%)$, C인 경우가 10명$(71.4\%)$이었다. 따라서 수술전 방사선 치료를 시행했던 예들에서 병리학적 병기가 낮은 경향을 보였으며, 특히 방사선 치료후 MAC stage C 소견의 급격한 감소가 보였다(p=0.049). 병리학적인 소견으로 종양세포의 혈관 침범, 림프관 침범과 신경조직 주위 침범등이 대상군에서 대조군에 비하여 모두가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 동일한 임상 병기에서 수술전 방사선 치료를 시행한 군과 수술만을 시행한 군 사이의 수술후 병기는 수술전 방사선 치료를 시행한 경우에 비하여 병기가 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 특히 병리학적으로 종양세포의 림프관 침범 소견이 감소된 것은 방사선 치료군에서 수술후 MAC Stage C 소견이 감소된 것과 일치되는 소견을 보였다 이러한 결과를 통해 절제 가능한 직장암 환자에서 수술전 방사선 치료를 하는 것이 효과적일수 있다고 사료된다. 그러나, 좀 더 명확한 결론을 얻기 위해서는 더 많은 수의 환자들을 대상으로 장기적인 추적관찰을 하는 연구가 함께 이루어져야 할 것이라고 생각된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2006

수막에 발생하는 혈관주위세포종은 경질막에 기초한 드문 종양으로서 국소재발과 함께 신경축이나 신경외 장소로 원격전이를 일으킬 수도 있다. 저자들은 수막에 발생한 혈관주위세포종 환자 2예에서 수술 전 방사선치료와 수술 후 방사선치료를 각각 경험하였기에 방사선치료의 역할에 관한 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하고자한다. 첫 번째 증례는 41세 남자로 3개월 동안 두통과 우측 반부전마비가 있었다. 1차 수술과 2차 수술 시 종양은 거의 제거할 수 없었고 수막 혈관주위세포종으로 진단되었다. 수술 전 방사선치료를 좌측 전두두정부의 큰 잔여종양에 일 회에 1.8 Gy씩 31회에 걸쳐 총 55.8 Gy를 조사하였다. 방사선치료 후 CT검사상 종양은 현저하게 크기가 줄었고 방사선치료 후 6개월에 시행한 3차 수술 시 잔여 종양의 크기는 $2{\times}2cm$로 완전히 제거되었다. 추적 CT검사상 국소재발의 소견은 없었고, 1차 수술 후 4년 10개월 동안 원격 전이 없이 생존하고 있다. 두 번째 증례는 45세 여자로 갑작스러운 두통과 시력 장애로 수막종이 의심되어 종양제거수술을 받았는데 조직 검사상 우측 전두엽에 발생한 혈관주위세포종으로 진단되었으며 시상동을 침습한 소견을 보였으나 완전히 제거되었다. 국소재발을 줄이기 위해 수술 후 방사선치료가 의뢰되었고 방사선치료는 우측전두엽 부위에 일 회에 1.8 Gy씩 30회에 걸쳐 총 54 Gy를 조사하였다. 수술 후 5년 동안 국소 재발이나 원격전이 없이 정상적인 활동을 유지하면서 생존하고 있다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.253-260
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• 1984

Between January 1971 and December 1580 fifteen patients diagnosed of adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, stage II seen and treated at the University of Michigan Hospitals. are reviewed. Ten patients were treated with radiation therapy alone. five received hysterectomy after radiation. The five year survival of the patients receiving radiation and surgery was $100\%$ although one of them died after 62 month aster treatment. Of those receiving radiotherapy alone two died at i and 24months after therapy. All of the patients died of distant metastasis. Radiation cystitis was observed among surgically treated patients. while proctitis was observed in 3 cases receiving radiation alone. Though the number of cases reported is small due to rarity of the disease. it appears that radiation alone could provide reasonable tumor control. Also it appears that preoperative irradiation might lead to a longer survival. One patient who survived 62 months had para-aortic node involvement.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.962-967
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• 1992

Eight patients with proven clinical stage Ill lung carcinoma of which six were epidermoid cell carcinoma and two were small cell carcinoma underwent concomitant radiation therapy and chemotherapy before surgical resection from March 1990 to February 1992 at the thoracic surgical department, Yongdong Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College Medicine The therapy consisted of more than one cycle of chemotherapy every 4 weeks and concomitant irradiation. Three to four weeks after chemotherapy and radiation therapy, the patient were reevaluated for thoracotomy and pulmonary resection. Two patients were found to have unresectable lesions and, radiosotopes were implanted to the remaining tumors. Three patients had complete pneumonectomies and two patients had pericardial penumonectomyo. Only one patient had complete pneumonectomy & concomitant resection of ribs attached to tumors with reconstruction of chest wall with Marlex mesh. Complete sterilization of lung tumor and mediastinal nodes proven histologically was achieved in 2 patients, without operative mortality. The median survival of all patients was eight months, but the median survival of survivors which lung tumor were completely resected completely and whose pathologic reports showed stage I or 0, was about 18 months to now. The overall result indicates some benefit from this preoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapeutic regimen in patients with advanced unresectable lung cancer.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.164-168
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• 2006

Objective : The goal of treatment for spinal cord ependymoma is complete removal without postoperative neurological deficit. The authors analyzed the surgical results and factors influencing the postoperative prognosis. Methods : Fifty-one cases of primary spinal cord ependymoma, surgically treated between 1979 and 2003, were retrospectively analyzed. The mean follow-up period was 44 months. Results : Gross total removal was achieved in 42 patients and incomplete removal in nine. The proportion of complete surgical removals was influenced by tumor location and histology. Disease progression was observed in five cases [9.8%], the mean progression free interval after surgical removal was 48 months and the 5-year progression free rate was 68%. Disease progression was found in none of the 42 cases who underwent complete removal, and in 5 of 9 cases who hadincomplete removal group [P<0.001]. Statistically significant disease-progression factors by multivariate analysis were the surgical extent of removal [P=0.012]. preoperative functional status [P=0.032] the presence of intratumoral cysts [P=0.007] and postoperative radiation therapy [P=0042]. Of those patients who underwent incomplete removal, radiation therapy was found to significantly improve the clinical result [P=0042]. Conclusion : In the surgical treatment of spinal cord ependymoma, preoperative functional status, the presence of intratumoral cysts, the extent of removal, and postoperative radiation therapy were found to be significant prognostic factors of postoperative outcome.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2016

Purpose: To identify possible predictors of pathologic complete response (pCR) of rectal cancer after preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 53 patients with rectal cancer who underwent preoperative CCRT followed by radical surgery at a single center between January 2007 and December 2012. The median radiotherapy dose to the pelvis was 54.0 Gy (range, 45.0 to 63.0 Gy). Five-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy was administered via continuous infusion with leucovorin. Results: The pCR rate was 20.8%. The downstaging rate was 66%. In univariate analyses, poor and undifferentiated tumors (p = 0.020) and an interval of ${\geq}7$ weeks from finishing CCRT to surgery (p = 0.040) were significantly associated with pCR, while female gender (p = 0.070), initial carcinoembryonic antigen concentration of <5.0 ng/dL (p = 0.100), and clinical stage T2 (p = 0.100) were marginally significant factors. In multivariate analysis, an interval of ${\geq}7$ weeks from finishing CCRT to surgery (odds ratio, 0.139; 95% confidence interval, 0.022 to 0.877; p = 0.036) was significantly associated with pCR, while stage T2 (odds ratio, 5.363; 95% confidence interval, 0.963 to 29.877; p = 0.055) was a marginally significant risk factor. Conclusion: We suggest that the interval from finishing CCRT to surgery is a predictor of pCR after preoperative CCRT in patients with rectal cancer. Stage T2 cancer may also be an important predictive factor. We hope to perform a robust study by collecting data during treatment to obtain more advanced results.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2020

Background: Oncologic resection of the scalp confers several obstacles to the reconstructive surgeon dependent upon patient-specific and wound-specific factors. We aim to describe our experiences with various reconstructive methods, and delineate risk factors for coverage failure and complications in the setting of scalp reconstruction. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted, examining patients who underwent resection of fungating scalp tumors with subsequent soft-tissue reconstruction from 2003 to 2019. Patient demographics, wound and oncologic characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Results: A total of 189 patients were appropriate for inclusion, undergoing a range of reconstructive methods from skin grafting to free flaps. Thirty-three patients (17.5%) underwent preoperative radiation. In all, 48 patients (25.4%) suffered wound site complications, 25 (13.2%) underwent reoperation, and 47 (24.9%) suffered from mortality. Preoperative radiation therapy was an independent risk factor for wound complications (odds ratio [OR], 2.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-7.3; p=0.028) and reoperations (OR, 4.45; 95% CI, 1.5-13.2; p=0.007). Similarly, the presence of an underlying titanium mesh was an independent predictor of wound complications (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.1-5.6; p=0.029) and reoperations (OR, 3.40; 95% CI, 1.2-9.7; p=0.020). Both immunosuppressed status (OR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.2-7.1; p=0.021) and preoperative radiation therapy (OR, 3.34; 95% CI, 1.2-9.7; p=0.022) were risk factors for mortality. Conclusion: Both preoperative radiation and the presence of underlying titanium mesh are independent risk factors for wound site complications and increased reoperation rates following oncologic resection and reconstruction of the scalp. Additionally, preoperative radiation, along with an immunosuppressed state, may predict patient mortality following scalp resection and reconstruction.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.96-105
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• 2016

Purpose: The standard radiation dose for patients with locally rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy is 45-50 Gy in 25-28 fractions. We aimed to assess whether a difference exists within this dose fractionation range. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed to compare three dose fractionation schedules. Patients received 50 Gy in 25 fractions (group A), 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions (group B), or 45 Gy in 25 fractions (group C) to the whole pelvis, as well as concurrent 5-fluorouracil. Radical resection was scheduled for 8 weeks after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Results: Between September 2010 and August 2013, 175 patients were treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy at our institution. Among those patients, 154 were eligible for analysis (55, 50, and 49 patients in groups A, B, and C, respectively). After the median follow-up period of 29 months (range, 5 to 48 months), no differences were found between the 3 groups regarding pathologic complete remission rate, tumor regression grade, treatment-related toxicity, 2-year locoregional recurrence-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, disease-free survival, or overall survival. The circumferential resection margin width was a prognostic factor for 2-year locoregional recurrence-free survival, whereas ypN category was associated with distant metastasis-free survival, disease-free survival, and overall survival. High tumor regression grading score was correlated with 2-year distant metastasis-free survival and disease-free survival in univariate analysis. Conclusion: Three different radiation dose fractionation schedules, within the dose range recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, had no impact on pathologic tumor regression and early clinical outcome for locally advanced rectal cancer.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2018

To verify the correlations between the clinical outcomes and physical factors of short-course chemoradiotherapy (SCRT) and long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCRT) with delayed surgery in patients with rectal cancer. Seventy-two patients with rectal cancer were enrolled in this study. Nineteen patients were treated with SCRT (25 Gy, 5 fractions) by intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and 53 patients were treated with LCRT (50.4 Gy, 28 fractions) by three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT). Various physical factors for the target and organs at risk (OARs) were calculated to compare the clinical outcomes. The organ equivalent dose (OED) and lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of bowels and bladders were similar between the SCRT and LCRT groups, whereas the values of femurs were higher in the LCRT group. The equivalent uniform dose and normal tissue complication probability were higher in the LCRT than the SCRT group for most organs. Treatment complications, including anastomotic leakage, bowel adhesion, and hematologic toxicity, were not significantly different between SCRT and LCRT groups. CIs were $0.84{\pm}0.2$ and $0.61{\pm}0.1$ for SCRT and LCRT, respectively. The CVIs were $1.07{\pm}0.0$ and $1.10{\pm}0.1$, and the HIs were $0.09{\pm}0.0$ and $0.11{\pm}0.1$ for SCRT and LCRT, respectively. The sphincter-saving rates were 89.5% and 94.3% for SCRT and LCRT, respectively. The complete pathologic remission rates were 21.1% and 13.2%, and the down-staging rates were 47.4% and 26.4% for SCRT and LCRT, respectively. SCRT with IMRT is comparable to conventional LCRT in both physical indexes and clinical outcome. The preoperative SCRT, compensated by IMRT, is an effective and safe modality.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.426-430
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• 1995

Pancoast tumor was specific lung carcinoma that has been symptoms and signs according to locations. It was located in peripheral,and involved the extrathoracic structures more than parenchyme of the lung. At 1838, Hare reported it, and at 1932 Pancoast was first described it. Prior to 1950,superior sulcus tumor was considered uniformly fatal, but at 1961 Paulson and Shaw advocated the use of preoperative irradiation therapy and followed by an extended en bloc resection. Recently we were experienced 2 cases of pancoast tumor managed with same method. One was 60-years old man that has been recommended preoperative radiation therapy with dose of 3000 cGy to 20 fractions and followed resection after 4 weeks, the other was 53-years old man that has been recommended a dose of 4000 cGy to 20 fractions and followed resection after 4 weeks. On tumor histology first case was large cell carcinoma and second case was squamous cell carcinoma. all patients was complicated atelectasis. First patient was expired with brain metastasis after 17 months, second was expired after 6 months.