• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.96-120
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• 2023

Objectives: This study reports the findings that support the efficacy of herbal medicine (HM) for premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Methods: We conducted meta-analysis of findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for PMS treated with HM. The articles were published before July 2022, located using 9 databases (Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, CNKI, CiNii, SCIENCE ON, KoreaMed, OASIS). Results: We observed 2,034 studies, of which 23 RCTs met our inclusion criteria. The risk of bias in the included studies was relatively unclear or high. Meta-analysis of 3 RCTs showed that HM group had a significantly higher total effective rate than the western medicine group (RR 1.20 [95% CI 1.06, 1.36, p=0.004]). Meta-analysis of 1 RCT showed that HM group had a significantly lower symptom score (MD -3.04 [95% CI -5.36, -0.72, p=0.01]), while there was no significant difference in daily record of severity of problems scale (MD -20.52 [95% CI -49.33, 8.29, p=0.16]). Conclusions: HM significantly improved PMS symptoms than general treatment and no serious adverse events were reported. However, the evidence on the effectiveness and safety of HM for PMS was not enough to provide reliable results due to the small number and low quality of included studies. We believe that rigorous RCTs will lead to more reliable evidence of the intervention.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.108-115
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• 2006

연구목적 : 월경전기 증후군은 생리 주기에 따라 가임기 여성의 75%가량이 겪는 흔한 현상으로 생리전에 증상이 시작하여 생리후에 증상이 가라앉는 증후군이다. 이 월경전기 증후군은 월경전 불쾌장애와 더불어 여성의 우울 증상과 연관이 있는 것으로 보고되고 있으며, 최근에는 다른 심리적 요소와의 연관성도 보고되고 있다. 분노와 감정표현불능증(alexithymia)는 일반적으로 정신신체장애와 연관이 있는 것으로 보고되고 있으나 월경전기증후군에서의 연관성은 거의 밝혀진 바가 없다. 이에 저자 등은 월경전기 증후군과 분노, 감정표현불능증과의 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 서울, 경기, 경북지역에 거주하는 여성 377명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구 도구로는 1달 동안 매일 자신의 생리주기에 따라 증상을 보고하도록 하는 Daily record of Severity of Problems (DRSP)와 생리전 시기에 작성하도록 한 Shortened Premenstrual Assessment Form(SPAF), Anger Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale 등으로 하였다. DRSP와 SPAE로 평가한 월경전기 증후군 125명과 비월경전기 증후군 여성 58명을 대상으로 분노와 감정표현불능증 수준을 통계적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 월경전기 증후군 여성들이 비월경전기 증후군 여성들보다 분노억제 (t=2.0, p=0.04), 분노전체(t=3.1, p=0.00) 점수가 유의하게 더 높았다. 월경전기 증후군 여성들이 비월경전기 증후군 여성들 보다 유의하게 감정표현불능증증 점수가 더 높았다(t=2.0, p=0.04). 월경전 불쾌장애 의심 환자와 일반 월경전기 증후군 여성, 비월경전기 증후군여성 3군으로 나누어 분노 수준과 감정표현 불능증 수준을 비교한 결과도 월경전 불쾌장애 의심 환자가 비월경전기 증후군 여성보다 유의하게 분노억제수준이 더 높았으며(F=4.6, p=0.01), 월경전 불쾌장애 의심 환자가 일반 월경전기 증후군 여성보다(F=5.1, p=0.01) 그리고 비월경전기 증후군 여성(F=5.1, p=0.03) 보다 유의하게 더 분노전체 점수가 높았다. 사회인구학적 변인 가운데 연령과 임신여부는 각 군간 유의한 차이를 보였으나 SPAF 및 분노, 감정표현불능증과 유의한 상관관계는 보이지 않았다. 결론: 월경전기 증후군여성들이 비월경전기 증후군 여성보다 분노 억압점수 및 분노전체점수(anger total)가 각각 유의하게 더 높았다. 또한 월경전기 증후군 여성들은 비월경전기 증후군 여성들보다 감정표현불능증 점수가 유의하게 더 높았다. 상기 결과는 월경전기 증후군 여성의 증상이 분노와 감정표현 불능증과 연관되어 있을 가능성을 시사한다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.356-364
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of auricular acupressure on menstrual pain, dysmenorrhea and academic stress among college students. Methods: A non-equivalent pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were 57 female students recruited from one college. The treatment group (n=30) received an auricular acupressure on a valid zone and the control group (n=27) received an auricular acupressure on an invalid zone (placebo). The independent t-test and ${\chi}^2$-test were used to examine group differences by using SPSS/Win18.0. Results: Subjects in the treatment group reported much less menstrual pain of premenstrual day (p=.001), 1st day (p<.001), 2nd day (p=.003), and dysmenorrhea (p=.003). Of significance, participants in the treatment group reported much less academic stress (p=.049) following auricular acupressure. Conclusion: The findings support that auricular acupressure is effective in controlling menstrual pain and academic stress related to menstruation. As the method is simple it would be useful for women students to be taught and encouraged to utilize this method to mitigate the symptoms related to menstruation through self care.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.79-96
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was to investigate clinical usage of Guibi-tang based on actual application in obstetrics and gynecology. Methods: This study investigated the number of patients who were prescribed Guibi-tang-gami-bang and what herbal medicines were adjusted according to their chief complaint from January 1st, 2007 to August 31th, 2008. Results: The number of patients who were prescribed Guibi-tang for obstetrics and gynecological diseases at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology was 721. Guibi-tang has been used to treat menstrual irregularity, postpartum general weakness, postpartum pantalgia, perimenopausal symptoms and postmenopausal syndrome most frequently. And Guibi-tang has been widely used in obstetric and gynecologic diseases such as general weakness after abortion or gynecological surgery, pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, uterine myoma, endometriosis, infertility, premenstrual syndrome, urinary incontinence and breast disease. Conclusions: Guibi-tang can be used in obstetric and gynecologic diseases as described in classical oriental medicine literatures, and it is necessary to research clinical usage of Guibi-tang through randomized controlled trial.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.392-403
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• 2018

Purpose: To identify factors associated with menstrual distress and characterize the relationship between menstrual distress and sleep disturbance in middle-school girls. Methods: Participants in this correlational study were 117 middle-school girls who were recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected from March 2018 to April 2018 using self-reported structured questionnaires and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0. Factors associated with menstrual distress included physiological, psychological, and situational factors based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms. Results: Age of menarche (${\beta}=-.28$, p<.001), amount of menstruation (${\beta}=.23$, p=.004), lifestyle-related exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (${\beta}=.21$, p=.027), and academic and peer-relationship stress (${\beta}=.19$, p=.025) influenced menstrual distress, explaining 47.4% of the variance in this regression model. The relationship between menstrual distress and sleep disturbance was statistically significant. Sleep disturbance was increased 1.26 folds when dysmenorrhea score increased by one unit (OR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.01~1.58). However, parental support was not a significant moderating factor of sleep disturbance. Conclusion: This study provides basis to develop an intervention strategy to alleviate menstrual discomfort in adolescents and improve their quality of sleep.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.123-138
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• 2010

총 28일에 걸친 매일의 불편감 증상점수에 근거하여 월경 전 증후군을 가린 후, 임상에서 의료인의 진단시 유용하게 사용될 수 있는 월경 전 증후패턴의 시작점을 추정한다. 이러한 추정에 앞서 불편감 증상점수가 과연 변화 추세를 보이는가의 검정이 우선되어야 하며, 모수적 단순회귀식에 의한 검정법과 비모수적 검정법을 적용한다. 실제 여성에게서 수집된 자료에 적용하여 분석한다. 증상점수의 직선적인 변화시점을 알아내는 단순회귀 방법과 직선 형태를 가정하지 않는 비모수적 검정법은 최적이 되는 상황이 서로 다를 것이며, 이를 모의실험으로 알아본다.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of hand acupuncture for reduction of dysmenorrhea. 71 female middle school and high school students were selected as subjects from April to May 2001, among which 38 students consisted of the experimental group while 22 students were the control group by convenient assignment. The experimental group participated in hand acupuncture treatment. The experimental treatment was to puncture corresponding points(A4, A5, J1, J3, J23, H2, F7) on both the palm and back of a hand with disposable acupuncture needles and to remove needles after 20-30 minutes' recess during which the subjects reposed themselves on bed. The collected data were processed using the SPSS PC Program and analyzed using $X^2test$ and The results of this study were as follows 1. The symptoms of premenstrual syndrome have decreased, but no significant differences were statistically observed between hand-acupunctured group and non-hand acupunctured group. 2. Subjective pain degree has decreased after hand acupuncture. 3. As for objective pain degree, a significant reduction in voice change was observed between two groups. Facial expressional changes and perspiration degree reduced but showed no significant statistically changes between two groups. 4. Comfort has increased after hand acupuncture. These results suggest that the hand acupuncture therapy works effectively on easing menstrual pain and symptoms as well as partially on reducing discomfort. It is particularly efficacious for a reduction in subjective pain and facial expressional changes in positive respect. Therefore the hand acupuncture therapy can be considered as an independent nursing intervention for dysmenorrhea reduction.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.52-61
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• 2009

연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 생식 노화 연령 연구(stages of reproductive aging workshop : STRAW)의 분류에 따른 초기와 후기 폐경후기에서의 폐경기 증상의 특징을 살펴보고 폐경기 증상의 심각도에 영향을 미치는 위험 요인들을 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구대상 및 방법 : 서울, 경기지역에 거주하는 비임상 표본인 41~59세의 497명의 자연폐경이 된 폐경후기 여성을 대상으로 초기 폐경후기 군과 후기 폐경후기 군으로 구분하였다. 삶의 질의 평가를 위해 폐경평가척도(menopause rating scale : MRS)가 사용되었다. MRS 점수, 인구사회학적 특징, 흡연, 음주 여부, 폐경 연령과 폐경에 대한 태도, 우울감, 월경 전 불쾌장애 병력 여부 등의 위험 요인을 초기와 후기 폐경후기간에 비교 조사하였다. 각 군에서 각각의 변인들을 독립변수로 하여 MRS에 대한 다중 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 결과 : 초기 폐경후기군에서 후기 폐경후기군에 비해 유의하게 더 심한 폐경기 증상, 폐경에 대한 부정적인 태도, 심한 우울감을 보였다. 안면홍조증상이 중등도 이상인 군은 경도 이하인 군보다 폐경기 증상의 호소와 우울감이 유의하게 높았고 폐경에 대한 태도는 부정적이었다. 폐경에 대한 태도와 우울감이 초기 폐경후기군과 후기 폐경후기군에서 모두 폐경기 증상의 심한 정도에 주요한 기여를 하였다. 초기 폐경후기군에서 연령, 폐경연령, 월경 전 불쾌장애 병력 여부가 폐경기 증상의 심각도에 유의하게 기여한 반면 후기 폐경후기군에서는 결혼상태, 직업여부가 폐경기 증상의 심각도에 기여하였다. 결론 : 폐경후기 여성의 삶의 질은 후기보다 초기에서 유의하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 위험요인들 중 폐경에 대한 태도와 우울감은 초기와 후기 폐경후기의 삶의 질에 공통으로 유의한 영향을 미쳤으며 그 밖의 위험 요인들은 초기와 후기에 따라 다르게 나타나는 것으로 보인다. 향후에는 폐경기 증상 호소로 병원을 찾는 폐경후기 여성 환자들의 임상표본(clinical sample)을 대상으로 삶의 질과 위험 요인을 확립할 수 있는 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2012

Objectives: We have studied the syndrome differentiation of ultrasound of retroverted uterus(RU) as the inspection in traditional Korean medicine. Methods: Eighty-four patients, who visited H clinic for infertility treatment, were recruited and evaluated by questionnaires and ultrasound, from April, 2012 to May, 2012. We used ultrasound(Logiq C3; GE Health care) for examination of RU. For statistics, we used Fisher's extract test to evaluate the RU and symptoms, and Chi-square test to evaluated the RU and syndrome differentiations, and Student T-test for the relationship between RU and each score of syndrome differentiation, using PASW Statistics(version 18.0.0) and GraphPad Prism(version 5.01). Results: 1. RU was correlated with moderate or severe dysmenorrhea and premenstrual lower abdominal pain. 2. In syndrome differentiation, blood stasis questionnaire was correlated with RU. 3. RU was related with dysmenorrhea, mass of low abdomen, pressure pain, clod of menstrual blood, dyspareunia. Conclusions: The ultrasound of RU might be related with the syndrome of blood stasis.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.80-94
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this review is to analyze the domestic study trends of clinical use of Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI) as a diagnosis instrument on obstetrics and gynecological diseases in Korean literature. Methods: We searched for clinical studies using DITI in the journal of Korean obstetrics & gynecology, National Digital Science Library, Research Information Sharing Service, Korean Medical Database up to May 2020. After searching studies, we selected studies and analyzed according to disease. Results: 18 clinical studies were published in two kinds of academic journals. There were 4 studies about dysmenorrhea and menopausal symptoms, 2 studies about postpartum disease and hypercryalgesia, 1 study about amenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, leukorrhea, infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome and hot flush. Conception vessel was frequently used for DITI measurement, followed by stomach meridian. The temperatures of abdomen (CV4, CV12), face (HN3), upper and lower limb (PC8, LU4, LR3, ST32) were commonly measured. Conclusions: This study shows that DITI could be one of effective diagnosis instrument for obstetrics and gynecological diseases. More well-designed clinical studies using DITI will be needed.