• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to assess the intra-rater, inter-rater and test-retest reliability and validity of frontal plane lower extremity alignment estimated from a rasterstereographic method using ABW-Mapper. Eighteen subjects participated in this study. The S angle (stereographic angle-frontal plane lower extremity alignment estimated from a rasterstereographic method) in standing was measured throughout the two sessions with one week interval by two different readers. In the first session, a reader measured S angle twice per subject with a short break in-between. The Q-angle (quadriceps angle) was measured using a standard goniometer from a photography taken through digital camera with the participant standing in the same position as in the S angle measurement. The HKA(hip-knee-ankle) angle was measured from a computer based digital radiograph with the computerized measurement software. Reliability was tested using intraclass correlation coefficients(ICC). Validity was tested using a Pearson's correlation coefficient. Excellent intra-rater(ICC=0.956~0.974), inter-rater(ICC=0.962), test-retest reliability (ICC=0.945) were demonstrated. There were strong negative correlations between S angle and Q-angle (r=-0.739), and between S angle and HKA angle (r=-0.702). Therefore, the S angle measured using a rasterstereographic mapper may be used to as a preliminary or supplementary tool to evaluate and study LE alignment in the frontal plane in relation to HKA angle or Q-angle.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.19-36
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze domestic and overseas cases of flipped learning instructional design model and actual classes in K-12 Education, and find out educational implications in order to design effective flipped learning. Papers, 14 articles in domestic and international journals, were collected. As results of the analysis, first, flipped learning instructional model was presented as flipped learning that applied to ADDIE model and 8C model etc. Second, 'Activities before classroom' consisted of watching lecture videos, lecture notes etc. 'Activities during classroom' was checking prior learning in early stage, individual activities and cooperative activities in middle stage, and solving quizzes, reviewing in later stage. After class, students performed tasks and questions&answers. Third, in case of creating lecture video, they used application such as Screencast-o-matic, Explain Everything; In contrast, some cases utilized online web-sites such as YouTube or Phet. Fourth, positive results were shown in learners' academic achievement, motivation and learning attitude etc. This research has a significance in terms of analyzing the flipped learning instructional model and flipped learning activities, and providing the preliminary data to facilitate the design for the effective flipped learning.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2009

To understand the status of the migrating Oriental Honey Buzzard(Pernis ptilorhynchus) in Korea, we carried out a preliminary study on the number and local movements of the Honey Buzzard from September 2005 to October 2007 at Hongdo Island, Jeonnam Province, Korea. A total of 702 Honey Buzzards in 2005, 404 individuals in 2006, and 659 individuals in 2007 were recorded during the fall migration season, but during the spring migration season only two and eight birds were observed in 2006 and 2007 respectively. The migrating Honey Buzzard showed peak numbers from 20 September to 5 October at the study site. According to observation of arrival time of538 Honey Buzzard in October 2007, a total of 2l6 birds(40.l %) were passing over Hongdo Island between 7:00 AM to 8:00 AM, rising skyward on columns of warm air. This suggests the use of thermal currents and avoidance of nocturnal movement for crossing water. They preferred moderate winds(<5 m/s in speed) from northwest, but the migrating number apparently decreased in case of strong winds (${\geqq}5 m/s$). This suggests that wind speed and direction are important environmental factors for migration of the Oriental Honey Buzzard. At present, it is unclear which breeding population(from north-eastern China or Japan) passes over Hongdo Island. Moreover, it is difficult to prove migration route and to understand migratory behaviors of the Oriental Honey Buzzard in Korea. To prove the breeding sites and routes of the migrants over the study site, we need more detailed and further studies such as satellite tracking researches.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.214-222
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• 2015

Aeromonas hydrophila is the most common water fish pathogen and cause diseases such as hemorrhagic septicemia, dropsy, ulceration and asymptomatic septicemia. A. hydrophila secretes many extracellular products (ECPs) which contribute to effective infection, wide distribution and great adaptability to environmental changes. Crude ECPs of A. hydrophila CK257, a strain used in this study, exhibits a toxic activity to the animals including mouse, rabbit and fish. Toxic symptoms were indicated by tissue damage and skin injuries in animal. When ECPs were subcutaneously injected to animals, skin damages were observed, appearing like necrosis. Preliminary research demonstrated that the active factors are protein component. The crude ECPs were collected after ammonium sulfate precipitation of cell-free culture supernatant. ECPs were fractionated with the use gel filtration chromatography. Five ECP fractions were obtained, of which one fraction was found to be toxic to goldfish. MALDI-TOF analyses provided two interesting proteases called M35 and M28. Both M35 and M28 are known as metalloprotease. Accordingly, proteins in an active fraction exhibited caseinolytic activity. These proteins were difference of caseinolytic activity under different metallic ions. Also active fraction has elastolytic activity. These results suggested that peptidase M28 and M35 may be a candidate factor for tissue necrosis activity about infection with A. hydrophila.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.446-457
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• 2012

Recently, BIM(Building Information Modeling),which has been an issue in construction work, has been focused on as a new alternative of building industry for way out of crisis by slowing down and decreasing of orders in construction industry. Research for introducing BIM to the architectural field is already proceeding actively at home and abroad. However, civil engineering is so nonrecurring, horizontal, and different from regular construction works that it a large amount of information occurs because of wide range of project, which causes construction firms and design engineers to have some questions whether their initial investment cost would work or not and feel uncomfortable with the cost. In this study, technology level in engineering firms were surveyed for adapting BIM to domestic civil engineering. Development direction of BIM standard information model was drawn through awareness change analysis of BIM in civil engineering, as well. Deduced development direction is composed of guide development, system development, deliverable check and international standard proposal. The outcome will be employed as preliminary data for the study on development of infrastructure BIM standard and deliverable check system in civil engineering.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.67-83
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• 2013

Assessment in music therapy is a vital part for both the therapist and client in the process of therapy. Based on what is assessed, objectives are identified to formulate specific action procedures and strategies. The existing assessment tools involve lists of skills and behaviors in developmental domains without the music assessment protocol. In this study, the authors attempted to develop an assessment protocol using rhythm production for assessing skills in cognitive and emotional-behavior domain, namely Music Therapy Assessment for Cognitive and Emotional Behaviors (MACEB). The test items of the MACEB-Rhythm were developed using rhythmic patterns varying in terms of item difficulty, which are based on the various degree of clarity in the grouping/gestalt, saliency in part-whole relationship, and complexity in repetition vs. variability. Also the developed tool purported to examine one's level of emotional behavior trait by analyzing performance of musical parameters such as tempo, pacing, and loudness in the reproduced output. In order to verify the logical sequencing of test items, firstly 61 subjects participated in verifying the item difficulty for the selected 15 pilot items. The test items were revised and re-sequenced based on the gathered scores of item difficulty. In the second procedure, seven experts in the fields of music education, music therapy and music psychology whose research interest lie in music cognition revised the developed rhythm protocol items focusing on learning sequence, cognitive process and feasibility for skills assessment. The study attempted to provide foundations for using rhythm as an assessment protocol prior to its verification of assessment validity and reliability.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.25-45
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to explain experiences of non-music majors to changing their majors into music therapy and to provide the preliminary study for deriving a grounded theory. For that, in-depth interviews were performed targeting 5 students who did not major in music in their undergraduate courses selected from the graduate students who are majoring in music therapy at the colleges located in Seoul. Data was analyzed for the study by applying the modified grounded theory. The result of study showed that they selected the course of music therapy career as they were motivated by the realistic demand for future employment, career potentials and other realistic causes. These factors caused them to study the surrounding situations and conduct the detailed research on the possibility of music therapy. These factors were also dependent on the individual characteristics, external elements and music background. These experiences were connected to the self-integration and pursuit of growth by newly setting their relation to the 'Music Child'. In addition, the demand of being the meaningful existence in relationship also affected them to more specify their aspirations in the progress of career selection on a continual basis. This study is meaningful as it provides the actual information on them.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.445-458
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• 2010

The deterioration and structural damage such as exfoliation, cracks, and separation of painted layer on the wall paintings of Maitreya Hall in Geumsan-sa temple have been accelerated since it was re-positioned to the original place after the dismantling from the building in 1993. The examination of which result and analysis described in this study, is a preliminary survey for establishing conservation plan of the wall paintings. It aimed at the understanding of the physical and chemical characteristics of the materials applied in the 1993 conservation. The research focused on the south walls which displayed the worst condition compared to other walls. Samples for the examination for the understanding of micro-structure, chemical composition, cristalisation, and particle distribution, were collected for finishing, middle, and consolidated layers of the walls between pillars and the ones between brackets. Those samples were collected from separated fragments of the walls. The sample analysis displayed that: 1. the 1993 conservation used the similar type of weathered soil as the original for the finishing layer, and such soil and sand for the middle layer; 2. those walls are composed of a group of mineral particles which are relatively equal in size and shape and in their distribution; 3. the mineral particles were cohered forming solid aggregate due to the application of acrylic resin for the reinforcement on the wall. The main composition of crystalisation on the first and the second reinforcement layers of the back walls were lime plaster ($CaSO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$). The overall examination confirmed that the priority of the future conservation treatment should be given to the removal of the first and the second layers of reinforcement and the treatment on the back walls which were partially consolidated.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 2009

The main purpose of the current research is to developments a real-time Hardware In-the-Loop (HIL) simulation testbed for the satellite formation flying navigation and orbit control. The HIL simulation testbed is integrated for demonstrations and evaluations of navigation and orbit control algorithms. The HIL simulation testbed is composed of Environment computer, GPS simulator, Flight computer and Visualization computer system. GPS measurements are generated by a SPIRENT GSS6560 multi-channel RF simulator to produce pseudorange, carrier phase measurements. The measurement date are transferred to Satrec Intiative space borne GPS receiver and exchanged by the flight computer system and subsequently processed in a navigation filter to generate relative or absolute state estimates. These results are fed into control algorithm to generate orbit controls required to maintain the formation. These maneuvers are informed to environment computer system to build a close simulation loop. In this paper, the overall design of the HIL simulation testbed for the satellite formation flying navigation and control is presented. Each component of the testbed is then described. Finally, a LEO formation navigation and control simulation is demonstrated by using virtual scenario.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2013

A concrete structure has become bigger and higher because of development of construction technology and a change in construction environment. Also it tends to focus on repairing, reinforcement and exterior in harmony with environment for structure maintenance and performance improvement. The research is about eco friendly durable painting applicable to concrete structure using civil and architecture. it purpose to improve external beauties and durable problems due to flexibility by variation of temperature, adhesion of exterior wall, crack and delamination in existing organic and mineral painting. For those problems, we made a eco friendly pre-paint that is made with preliminary treatment mixture as a highly enriched waterproof agent and adhesive increasing agent in preprocessing mixture. Then we performed an experiment on durability of prevention neutralization of concrete, durability abrasion, hiding power, adhesion, temperature resistance and resistance to chemical attack. The result of an experiment shows that hiding power is over 0.96 in standard test, durability abrasion test got higher value 1mg than water paint 75mg and tensile strength is 6 times higher than standard waterproof specification.