• Title/Summary/Keyword: Preliminary draft

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A Basic Study on Utilization of Radar Target Enhancer (능동형 레이더 리프렉터의 이용에 관한 조사연구)

  • Jeong Jung-Sik;Park Sung-Hyeon;Kim Chul-Seong;Ahn Young-sup;Kim Woo-Suk
    • Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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    • 2004.05b
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    • pp.35-38
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    • 2004
  • IMO sub-committee on safety of navigation has worked a draft recommendation for RTE in order to amy a radar target enhancer(RTE) on small ships. According to the draft recommendation for RTE, we need a preliminary research for RTE development and its applicability. In this paper, we investigate the results rf field tests in other countries and analyze technical and critical problems in RTE The results of our analysis will provide helpful comments in IMO subcommmitte as well as in a domestic development of RTE.

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Development of Open Clinical Training Program to Improve Radiology-Major Students' Clinical Competency (방사선(학)과 재학생의 임상적응 향상을 위한 개방형 임상실습 프로그램의 제안)

  • Kim, Seon-Chil
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.193-201
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    • 2010
  • This study aimed to develop an open clinical training program to improve radiology graduates' clinical competency in the hospital setting to raise quality of patient-centered medical service. Development of the training program is similar to that of an instructional system design model. The program was developed according to the ADDIE model. Elements of each phase were collected. Draft of the program was constructed from literature review and clinical demands. Preliminary training program was implemented to sample students with the draft. After consultation with related professionals, the program was modified and completed. Professional groups assessed content validity of the program. Five continuous phases of the program - analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation - accommodate changes in clinical environment and demands. They also provide adequate learning needs. Effectiveness of the program and appropriateness of contents in each phase achieved a satisfactory level of significance. This program reflected demands from medical fields and effective learning programs. The purpose of the open clinical training program is to train radiological technologists in clinical setting to actively engage in patient-centered medical service and to help utilize their professional knowledge.

Development of a Moldboard Plow to Invert Furrow Slice at the Same Position (토양의 제자리 반전을 위한 몰드보드 플라우의 개발)

  • 이규승;박원엽;권병기
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.9-20
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    • 2004
  • On the basis of design theory of soil inversion, two types of moldboard plow with secondary soil mover was designed and constructed to invert furrow slice at same position with furrow bottom. A series of soil bin experiment was carried to investigate the performance of prototypes. First prototype of new concept plow showed two kinds of problems during the preliminary experiment. For the plowing depth of 6cut the prototype did not invert the furrow slice, instead it just cut furrow bottom and the furrow slice returned to the original position. For the plowing depth of 8cm, there was soil clogging problem at the rear part of plow. From the above results it was concluded that the first prototype can not be used for the inversion of furrow slice at same position with furrow bottom. Second prototype could invert furrow slice at the same position with furrow bottom, but the performance was affected by soil moisture content soil hardness and plowing speed very much. For the higher soil moisture content, for the higher soil hardness and higher plowing speed, the prototype showed higher soil inversion performance. For the second prototype the inversion ratio was almost 100%, inversion angle was in the range of 90 to 100 degree and side displacement was less than 4 cm. But the furrow slice was not continuous, it was cut in the length of 30 to 40 cm. The reason why the furrow slice was cut in that length is blamed for the design of moldboard surface. The specific draft of prototype was in the range of 37.24 kN/㎡ to 42.14 kN/㎡ this value is a little higher than that of the conventional plow, or from 30.38 kN/㎡ to 33.32 kN/㎡. But the difference was not so big. The inversion performance of the second prototype for the field experiment was much better than that of soil bin experiment due to the better soil and operational conditions. Sticky and compacted soil conditions, and higher plowing speed was suitable for the plowing operation of the second prototype

Development Protocol of Korean Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline for Myofascial Pain Syndrome (근막통증증후군의 한의표준임상진료지침 개발 프로토콜)

  • Byeonghyeon Jeon;Hyeonjun Woo;Won-Bae Ha;Cheoung Su Kim;Jung-Han Lee
    • Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.203-213
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    • 2023
  • Objectives This study aimed to develop a Korean medicine (KM) clinical practice guideline for myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) via the collaboration of clinical and methodological experts. Methods The study will include an initial survey to establish a common understanding of MPS. To develop the clinical guideline, a multidisciplinary development group was formed. The group will finalize the clinical questions based on a preliminary draft. The GRADE methodology is going to be applied to determine the level of evidence and grading of the recommendations. Finally, approval from the relevant medical societies will be obtained. Results A protocol for developing a KM clinical guideline for MPS was presented. Before finalizing the clinical key questions, a literature search was conducted according to the protocol, and a draft of 19 clinical key questions was established. Conclusions An evidence-based KM clinical guideline for MPS is expected to contribute to the management of MPS. This may also serve as a reference for the development of other KM clinical practice guidelines in the future.

Recent Developments in Law of International Electronic Information Transactions (국제전자정보거래(國際電子情報去來)에 관한 입법동향(立法動向))

  • Hur, Hai-Kwan
    • THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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    • v.23
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    • pp.155-219
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    • 2004
  • This paper focuses on two recent legislative developments in electronic commerce: the "Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act" ("UCITA") of USA and the "preliminary draft convention on the use of data message in [international trade] [the context of international contracts]" ("preliminary draft Convention") of UNCITRAL. UCITA provides rules contracts for computer information transactions. UCITA supplies modified contract formation rules adapted to permit and to facilitate electronic contracting. UCITA also adjusts commonly recognized warranties as appropriate for computer information transactions; for example, to recognize the international context in connection with protection against infringement and misappropriation, and First Amendment considerations involved with informational content. Furthermore, UCITA adapts traditional rules as to what is acceptable performance to the context of computer information transactions, including providing rules for the protection of the parties concerning the electronic regulation of performance to clarify that the appropriate general rule is one of material breach with respect to cancellation (rather than so-called perfect tender). UCITA also supplies guidance in the case of certain specialized types of contracts, e.g., access contracts and for termination of contracts. While for the most part carrying over the familiar rules of Article 2 concerning breach when appropriate in the context of the tangible medium on which the information is fixed, but also adapting common law rules and rules from Article 2 on waiver, cure, assurance and anticipatory breach to the context of computer information transactions, UCITA provides a remedy structure somewhat modeled on that of Article 2 but adapted in significant respects to the different context of a computer information transaction. For example, UCITA contains very important limitations on the generally recognized common law right of self-help as applicable in the electronic context. The UNCITRAL's preliminary draft Convention applies to the use of data messages in connection with an existing or contemplated contract between parties whose places of business are in different States. Nothing in the Convention affects the application of any rule of law that may require the parties to disclose their identities, places of business or other information, or relieves a party from the legal consequences of making inaccurate or false statements in that regard. Likewise, nothing in the Convention requires a contract or any other communication, declaration, demand, notice or request that the parties are required to make or choose to make in connection with an existing or contemplated contract to be made or evidenced in any particular form. Under the Convention, a communication, declaration, demand, notice or request that the parties are required to make or choose to make in connection with an existing or contemplated contract, including an offer and the acceptance of an offer, is conveyed by means of data messages. Also, the Convention provides for use of automated information systems for contract formation: a contract formed by the interaction of an automated information system and a person, or by the interaction of automated information systems, shall not be denied on the sole ground that no person reviewed each of the individual actions carried out by such systems or the resulting agreement. Further, the Convention provides that, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, a contract concluded by a person that accesses an automated information system of another party has no legal effect and is not enforceable if the person made an error in a data message and (a) the automated information system did not provide the person with an opportunity to prevent or correct the error; (b) the person notifies the other party of the error as soon as practicable when the person making the error learns of it and indicates that he or she made an error in the data message; (c) The person takes reasonable steps, including steps that conform to the other party's instructions, to return the goods or services received, if any, as a result of the error or, if instructed to do so, to destroy such goods or services.

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Converged Study on Development and Evaluation of Sexually Transmitted Infections Knowledge Scale for Korean Adolescents (한국 청소년의 성매개 감염병 지식 측정도구 개발 및 평가에 관한 융합연구)

  • Kwon, Mi-Young;Jeong, Soo-Kyung
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.8 no.5
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    • pp.53-60
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    • 2017
  • This study was conducted to develop the Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) Knowledge Scale for adolescents. Based on a literature review, the first preliminary 40 questions were created, which content validation by expert reviewers and a pilot study then refined into a draft scale of 29 items. To confirm the validity and reliability of this preliminary scale, data were collected from 141 adolescents between February 13 and 26, 2016: factor analysis resulted in a factor loading of more than .52, while convergent validity revealed that the group receiving STI education was significantly higher (p=.009). The final version of the scale contained 16 items, with a reliability measured by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of .85 and the 39.3% of correct answers. The STI knowledge scale developed in this study is a valid scale that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of STI education for adolescents.

Seismic Performance Evaluation of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings By Using a Three-Step Procedure (3단계 절차를 이용한 비보강 조적조 건물의 내진성능평가)

  • Kim, Tae-Wan;Min, Chan-Gi;Lee, Hui-Man
    • Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.57-64
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    • 2011
  • In this study, a seismic performance evaluation of unreinforced masonry buildings was conducted based on a revised draft of the outline of the seismic performance evaluation of existing buildings. The procedure of the performance evaluation is composed of three-steps, which are a preliminary evaluation, a first-level detailed evaluation, and a second-level detailed evaluation, where evaluation is conservatively conducted in the beginning and then more detailed evaluations are gradually conducted. For the study, ten two-story unreinforced masonry buildings were selected and evaluated using the three-step evaluation. The result showed that the performance levels between the preliminary and the first-level detailed evaluations were reversed, which is different from the intent of the procedure. Therefore, in the near future, the problems in each evaluation step that are presented in the results of this study need to be refined.

Developing a Home-based Self-management Support Intervention for Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자의 호흡재활을 위한 재가 자가관리 증진 중재 개발)

  • Song, Hee-Young
    • The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.75-87
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    • 2015
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a home-based self-management support intervention (SMSI) for enhancing pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Korea. Methods: This methodological study was conducted by following these 4 steps: constructing the preliminary draft of a home-based SMSI from existing recommendation and a literature review on PR and self-management interventions; testing content validity with 6 experts in COPD; exploring clinical applicability of the intervention by applying it to 4 COPD patients; determining the final intervention. Results: The final intervention included 4 components and contents identified from the literature review as essentials for self-management of COPD patients: education; exercise training and practice including breathing, muscle strengthening and aerobic exercises; cognitive behavioral strategies including informative self-decision making, collaborative goal setting and supportive advice; and action planning for exacerbation. The intervention was designed to be run by a trained nurse and had 8 weekly sessions consisting of three 60-minute face-to-face sessions and five 20-minute phone-call sessions. Conclusion: The intervention developed in this study incorporates essential components of self-management, i.e. action plan and cognitive behavioral strategies, and will contribute to enhancing and maintaining effects of PR by increasing self-management in COPD patients.

Development of an Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline of Korean Medicine for Stroke: A Study Protocol

  • Han, Chang-ho;Kim, Mikyung
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.39 no.4
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    • pp.30-39
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    • 2018
  • Introduction: The aim of this study protocol is to share and disclose the methodology used to develop an evidence-based clinical practice guideline (CPG) of therapeutic interventions used in Korean medicine for patients with stroke. Methods: The CPG development process will consist of two phases. In phase I, a development committee will be established, and they will decide the key questions to be answered. A systematic review and meta-analysis will be performed to answer these key questions by searching relevant randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews. Draft recommendations will be developed according to the evidence level and recommendation grades primarily determined using the GRADE methodology. Panels comprised of external experts will be formed, and surveys and a face-to-face meeting will be conducted to reach a consensus on the recommendations. A preliminary guideline will be created after final review by the development committee. In phase II, we will conduct clinical trials and economic analysis to supplement the lack of evidence found in the phase I. Conclusion: The CPG is expected to help doctors practicing Korean medicine in clinics or hospitals with making decisions based on the most reliable evidence, ultimately leading to the provision of optimal care for patients with stroke.

A Study on the Classification and Application Element of Outdoor Biotop for Environment-friendly Community (친환경 주거를 위한 외부공간의 비오톱 유형 분류 및 적용 항목에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, Dong-Gil;Cho, Tong-Buhm
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.57-71
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    • 2007
  • While a concept on biotop or the urgency of its classification systems have been under discussion recently, this study aims to examine outdoor biotop classification systems for environment-friendly community. To this end, the feasibility of creating a biotop in the community and application elements were generated and biotops were classified and categorized. Then, elements that can be applied in consideration of traditional Korean techniques were generated and biotop classification systems and specific components in residential areas were reviewed. As for the result of this study, based on a preliminary draft prepared through literature review, considerations for biotop classification systems were taken into account. Then, based on classification criteria for biotop formats, biotop functions and biotop types, a second-tier classification system was developed. Criteria for biotop formats included surfaces, lines and points while criteria for biotop functions were large cores, small bases, corridors, stepping stones and ecological islands. Criteria for habitat types were divided to include natural forest, developed green areas, lacustrine wetland, palustrine wetland, shrubs, grasslands, linear habitats, vacant plots and practical green areas, which were sub-categorized. As for the biotop classification system, macro-classification divided biotops into three types-space, line and point-based on biotop formats. Meso-classification had five groups and micro-classification had 21 groups based on habitat types. Future studies should focus on the ecological features of each biotop categories generated in this study and their creation and management techniques to find many practical methods to create, protect and manage outdoor biotop for environment-friendly community.