• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.38.2-38.2
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• 2004

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.163-172
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the stress, depression, and fetal attachment of pregnant women who underwent infertility treatment, and to identify factors associated with fetal attachment. Methods: As a correlation survey design, data were collected from 136 pregnant women who underwent infertility treatment. Data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Stress, depression, and fetal attachment averaged $3.01{\pm}0.60$ (range of scale 1~5), $10.02{\pm}6.51$ (out of a possible 63), and $3.64{\pm}0.55$ (range of scale 1~5), respectively. Level of fetal attachment was higher when mother's age was less than 35, having other children, and having prenatal education experience. Lower score of depression and client's age less than 35 were significant factors affecting fetal attachment. Conclusion: Infertility is a life-affecting trauma for the individual, and personal and social changes due to infertility cause physical and psychological difficulties even after a successful pregnancy with infertility treatment. Therefore, prenatal management programs need to be developed giving consideration to the emotional and physical changes in order to promote physical and psychological stability in the women pregnant following infertility treatment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.479-484
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• 2011

The study was conducted on 20 Holstein X Sahiwal cross bred dairy cows, with an average milk production of $2,752{\pm}113.79$ liters in $284{\pm}5.75$ days during a single lactation, that were divided in to two groups of 10 animals. We investigated the oxidative stress and antioxidant status during the transition period in dairy cows. In this study, plasma level of MDA was considered as an indicator of lipid peroxidation and SOD, catalase, GSH and GSHPx as antioxidants. The lipid peroxidation was significantly (p<0.001) higher in cows during early lactation as compared to the cows in advanced pregnancy. A significant positive correlation (r = +0.831, p<0.01) was determined between MDA and catalase in early lactating cows. In early lactating cows, blood glutathione was significantly lower than in advanced pregnant cows. However, early lactating cows showed non-significant negative correlation for all antioxidant enzymes with lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, dairy cows seemed to have more oxidative stress and low antioxidant defense during early lactation or just after parturition than advanced pregnant cows, and this appears to be the reason for their increased susceptibility to production diseases (e.g. mastitis, metritis, retention of fetal membranes etc.) and other health problems.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.722-728
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was designed to determine the predictors of postpartum depression. Method: One hundred-sixty one women within one year after delivery from one public health center located in the northern area of Seoul were used in this study. The instruments were a survey of general characteristics, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, recent life events index, perceived social support from family, Quality of marriage index, parenting stress index, and Rosenberg's self-esteem inventory. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and logistic regression. Result: The average item score of the EPDS was 6.67. 12.4% of respondents, who scored above a threshold 12, were likely to be suffering from a depression of varying severity. The fitness of the model for explaining postpartum depression from six variables, plan for pregnancy, family support, quality of marital relation, perceived social support, life events, childcare stress, and self-esteem, was statistically significant and the predictive power of these variables was 90.9%. The significant predictors of postpartum depression were family support and child care stress. Conclusion: Further research is needed to identify the prevalence rate of postpartum depression using more reliable sampling methods from a large general population. Nursing interventions need to be developed for promoting family support and reducing childcare stress.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.129-133
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• 2007

There are growing evidences suggesting a pivotal role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. We investigated oxidative stress in the rat model of preeclampsia, and in clinical cases. Pregnant female rats were injected intraperitoneally with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and given 0.9% saline as drinking water during their pregnancy. We assessed plasma $F_2-isoprostane(8-iso-PGF_{2{\alpha})$ and malondialdehyde (MDA) in a rat model, and the same markers in the plasma of maternal blood and fetal cord blood in pregnant women with preclampsia. Blood samples from the umbilical arteries and veins were collected separately. The concentrations of MDA were increased in the preeclampsia groups of animal and humans, compared with the control group; it was significantly increased in the umbilical artery and vein of the preeclampsia group. The concentrations of $F_2-isoprostane$ were elevated in the preeclampsia groups of animal and humans, compared with the control group, and the increase in $F_2-isoprostane$ concentration was prominent in the umbilical vein than umbilical artery of the preeclampsia group. Therefore, it appears that the placenta has an important role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, and the $F_2-isoprostane$ of the umbilical vein may serve as a relatively reliable marker for ischemic/hypoxic injury to the fetus during the perinatal period.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the oral health care aware-ness of pregnant women and their actual oral health care in an effort to provide information on how to assist pregnant women to have the right knowledge on oral health and improve their oral health care. The subjects in this study were pregnant women who used obstetrics and gynecology hospitals or participated in pregnancy/child-rearing programs in the region of P. After a self-administered survey was conducted in July and August 2008, the following findings were given: 1. As for the best case of oral health care, the largest number(77.2%) of the pregnant women investigated brushed all the teeth, gums and tongue when they did toothbrushing. The smallest number of the women(6.8%) spent three minutes or more brushing their teeth. 2. As to dental treatment experience during pregnancy by age, 27.0 percent of the age 26-30 group had ever received dental treatment during pregnancy, which was higher than the rates of the other age groups with the same experience. 3. Regarding the necessity of oral health education geared toward pregnant women, 94.1 percent of the age 26-30 group and 96.3 percent of the group of age 31 and up felt the need for that, which were significantly higher than 72.7 percent of the age 20-25 group who agreed to the necessity of that education. 4. As to connections between oral health status and oral health care, the women who were in good oral health got 6.60 on oral health care. They scored significantly higher than those who were in a moderate state of oral health and who were in bad oral health, as the latter two groups respectively got 5. There was a significant correlation between oral health state and oral health care and between oral health knowledge and oral health care. The better oral health status led to better oral health knowledge, and the better oral health knowledge was followed by better oral health care. 6. As for factors affecting oral health care, oral health knowledge had the largest impact on that, followed by age, oral health status, experience of receiving oral health education for pregnant woman, dental treatment experience during pregnancy, monthly income and stress caused by oral diseases. Given the findings of the study, oral health education should be provided in light of the special physical and mental state of pregnant women. They should be encouraged to receive possible dental treatment during pregnancy if necessary, and they should learn about how to cope with a dental disease in case of develop it.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.200-206
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was planned to find the character type of enneagram in patients with Bell's palsy. Methods : Author gave the 26 patients with Bell's palsy the Korean Enneagram Personality Type Indicator(KEPTI). After making out the questionnaire, we got back them. Then author graded questionnaire papers, and classified according to characte type. We finded that type 1 and type 9 show a higher ratio than any other charicter type. Results : The cause of Bell's palsy onset were over work 34.5%, stress 23.1%, over work and stress 19.2%, cold exposure 7.7%, dental treatment 3.8% pregnancy 3.8%, unknown 7.7%. We finded that type 1 and type 9 show higher ratio than any other charicter type. Conclusion : To find the interrelation between the character type of enneagram and Bell's palsy, further reseach is needed continuosly.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to make sure what the stress causes of women's EMTs within the firehouse are, and is to suggest ideas (plans) that are possible to resolve this problem. The reasons are because of difficulties such as not only the overwork at one's tasks, the uncomfortable working environment and circumstances, women's pregnancy, but also shift work or the shift system. It's own ideas about the way to resolve these difficulties are as follows: a separate operation of first-aid department, environmental improvement within a fire house (fire station) via remodeling, activation of substitute man power, alterating women's EMT services into daywork system, mutual encouragement and solicitude among co-workers, reinforcement of the number of the working force to be mobilized, and adoption about the rest year system in employment.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the prenatal, perinatal and developmental risk factors of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), compared to unaffected siblings (SIB), and typically developing children (TC). Methods : Subjects with ADHD, their SIB, and TC were recruited from the child psychiatry outpatient clinic of the Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital. The parents of the children completed questionnaires on perinatal and developmental risk factors. Results : Fifty-eight subjects with ADHD (41 boys, $7.7{\pm}1.3years$), 21 SIB (8 boys, $8.2{\pm}1.8years$), and 22 TC (8 boys, $8.5{\pm}2.1years$) were included. The ADHD group showed higher rates of maternal stress during pregnancy than the SIB group (p=.002), and the ADHD group showed higher rates of familial psychiatric history than the TC (odds ratio, 8.76 ; 95% confidence interval, 1.69 to 45.45). Conclusion : These findings suggest that among perinatal and developmental factors, maternal stress during pregnancy contribute to the development of ADHD. Future prospective studies will be needed in order to determine the causal relationship between perinatal risk factors and development of ADHD.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.93-112
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• 2017

The adolescent birth rate has doubled in the recent decade. As a result, the Korean government has implemented support for adolescent single-parent families by expanding the scope of coverage of the Single-parent Family Support Act in 2010. In order to understand whether experiences of facility entry programs and the Single-parent Family Support Act for adolescent single-parents were helpful or not, this study verified the relationship to mental health. This study utilized a part of the National Youth Policy Institute's 'Research on the Actual Condition of the Adolescent Pregnancy, Birth and Rearing Children.' Participants of the study were 218 adolescent single-parents at the age of 24 and younger. This study used the research methods of descriptive statistical analysis, ${\chi}^2$test, t-test, and one-way analysis of variance. The findings and discussion of this study are as below: Firstly, the depression level of adolescent single-parents who had been raised by grandparents was higher than other family types to a meaningful standard and adolescent single-parent's cognition of the original family's economic level was related to self-esteem and parenting efficacy. Secondly, the practical single-parent family support policy for adolescent single-parent's pregnancy, birth and rearing children has shown a higher reception rate, and medical service of facility entry programs has a higher satisfaction level. However, some of the facility entry programs and the Single-parent Family Support Act have a low reception rate and it should be considered whether to maintain them or not.Lastly, parts of facility entry programs and the Single-parent Family Support Act for adolescent single-parents have increased self-esteem and parenting efficacy and reduced parenting stress and depression's levels.