• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2012

구기자-맥문동 막걸리의 미생물 분포와 최적 저장 기간을 확립하기 위하여 먼저 구기자-맥문동 막걸리를 제조한 후 $4^{\circ}C$와 $20^{\circ}C$에 저장하면서 효모, 총 세균 그리고 젖산균의 생균 수 변화를 조사하였다. 발효가 완료되어 $4^{\circ}C$에서 15일간 저장하는 동안 효모 수는 큰 변화가 없었다. 하지만 30일간 저장한 후에는 약 62%가 감소되었다. $20^{\circ}C$에서 수행한 저장 실험에서는 15일간 저장한 후 초기 효모균수의 87%가 감소하였으며 30일간 저장한 후에는 약 95.2%가 감소되었다. 구기자-맥문동 막걸리의 DGGE 분석에 의해 S. cerevisiae와 미동정의 Saccharomyces sp.가 동정되었는데 $20^{\circ}C$에서 저장하였을 때Saccharomyces sp.가 더 빨리 사멸하였다. 저장 기간 중 총 세균 수와 젖산균의 변화 양상은 유사하였다. $4^{\circ}C$에서 저장 하였을 때 저장 15일 시점에서 총 세균 수는 약 64%가 감소하였으나 그 이후 저장 30일까지 총 세균수의 변화는 크게 없었다. $20^{\circ}C$에서 저장하였을 경우에는 초기 세균 수가 저장 15일 시점에서 총 세균수의 약 95%가 감소하였으며 그 이후 저장 30일 시점까지 총 세균수는 크게 변화하지 않았다. DGGE분석을 통해 발효 개시 시점에서는 W. cibaria가 우점균이었다가 점차 L. fermentum과 P. acidilactici가 증가하여 저장 기간 동안 이들이 우점균으로 존재 함을 확인하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.974-980
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• 2014

In semi-arid areas of Southern Africa, dehydration can compromise the performance and welfare of local chickens, particularly during the growing period when confinement is curtailed and birds are left to scavenge for feed and water. The effect of water restriction on the growth performance was compared in Naked Neck (NNK) and Ovambo (OVB) chickens that are predominant in Southern Africa. A total of 54 eight-wk-old pullets each of NNK and OVB chickens with an initial average weight of $641{\pm}10g/bird$ were randomly assigned to three water intake treatments, each having six birds for 8 wk. The water restriction treatments were ad libitum, 70% of ad libitum and 40% of ad libitum intake. Nine experimental pens with a floor space of $3.3m^2$ per strain were used. The pens were housed in an open-sided house with cement floor deep littered with a 20 cm layer of untreated wood shavings. Feed was provided ad libitum. Average daily water intake (ADWI), BW at 16 weeks of age (FBW), ADG, ADFI, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and water to feed ratios (WFR) were determined. Ovambo chickens had superior (p<0.05) FBW, ADG and ADWI than NNK chickens. Body weight of birds at 16 weeks of age, ADG, ADFI, ADWI, and WFR declined progressively (p<0.05) with increasing severity of water restriction while FCR values increased (p<0.05) as the severity of water restriction increased. Naked Neck chickens had better FCR at the 40% of ad libitum water intake level than Ovambo chickens. The dressing percentage per bird was higher in water restricted birds than those on ad libitum water consumption, irrespective of strain. Heart weight was significantly lower in birds on 40% of ad libitum water intake than those on ad libitum and 70% of ad libitum water intake, respectively. In conclusion, NNK chickens performed better than OVB chickens under conditions of water restriction and would be ideal to raise for meat and egg production in locations where water shortages are a major challenge.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 1991

월성 주변 해역의 부유성 난 자치어 분포를 조사하기 위하여, 1989년 11월과 1990년 2월, 5월, 7월의 4회에 걸쳐 봉고네트로 부유성 난과 자치어를 표층채집 하였다. 본 해역에서 출현한 부유성 난은 멸치, 돛양태류, 앨퉁이, 전어와 기타로 분류되었는데, 조사기간 중 앨퉁이와 돛양태류는 전체 어란 출현량의 60.1%와 13.7%를 차지하여 우점종으로 나타났다. 자치어는 총 21개 분류군이 출현하였다. 조사기간 중 멸치는 전체 자치어 출현량의 61.2%를 차지하여 극우점종으로 나타났으며, 돛양태류가 11.9%를 차지하여 우점종으로 나타났다. 그 이외에도 앨퉁이, 망둑어류, 까나리, 볼락, 개볼락, Scartella cristata, 쏨뱅이가 주요 출현종을 이루었다. 이들 9개 분류군은 총출현량의 96.5%를 차지하였다. 본 해역은 용승이 자주 발생하는 지역으로 용승으로 인한 표층수의 이동은 부유성 난이나 자치어의 분포에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 1998

Intramuscular injection(IM) into the gluteal muscles is a common route of medication, but may lead to complications. A retrospective review of 32 patients who required surgical treatment for local complications of buttock injections in children was made at the Taegu Fatima Hospital during a seven-year nine-month period (March 1990 to December 1997). Local complications included acute inflammation, cellulitis and abscess(71.9 %), and fat necrosis(21.9 %), and injection granuloma(6.2 %). Over the half of injections were on the upper and outer quadrant of the buttock, but the other 43.7 % were in the upper and inner or lower and outer quadrant which are considered unsuitable sites for intramuscular injection. The majority of complications developed within fat tissue(90.6 %) rather than within muscle(9.4 %). Two-thirds of the patients were under 2 years of age, this suggests that it is technically difficult to accurately administer IM injections in small children because muscle mass is smaller compared to subcutaneous. In addition subcutaneous fat is more susceptible to chemical irritation. Staph. aureus was the predominant organism, isolated in 84.6 % of the patients with abscesses. Treatment consisted of needle aspiration, incision and drainage, curettage, or surgical excision. In conclusion, the major factor that contributes to complications following IM of the buttock appears to be the inadvertent intrafat rather than of IM injection. Accurate injection into the muscles based on a knowledge of pelvic anatomy as well as the potential complications is necessary to prevent complications.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.235-243
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• 1987

This paper deals with the distribution of Yersinia spp. isolated from the feces or the cecal contents of 1,755 pigs, 558 cows, 428 pigs slaughtered, 271 dogs slaughtered and 91 deer during the period of March 1985 to February 1986. Isolated Yersinia spp. were examined for serotype, biotype and antibiotic susceptibility of Y. enterocolitica. The results were as follows; One hundred and fourty-three stains of Yersinia spp. were isolated from 141(4.5%) out of 3,103 animals examined and their isolates were identified as Y. enterocolitica(138 strains), Y. kristensenii (3 strains), Y. intermedia(1 strain) and Y. pseudotuberculosis(1 strain). Yersinia spp. were isolated from 122(7.0%) of 1,755 pigs in piggeries, 15(3.5%) of 428 pigs slaughtered and 4(1.5%) of 271 dogs slaughtered, but no Yersinia spp. were isolated from cows and deer. The isolation rate of Yersinia spp. in pigs ranged from 5.9~8.0% in piggeries, it was higher in summer and autumn and highest in fattening pigs groups(10.4%), especially. One hundred and thirty-eight Y. enterocolitica isolates belonged to serotype 0 : 3(95 strains), 0 : 8(13 strains), 0 : 5(7 strains), 0 : 9(6 strains), 0 : 1, 2(1 strain) and untypable(16 strains), among them strains of serotype 0 : 3 biotype 3B(91 strains) were predominant. Antibiotic susceptibility test of 138 isolates of Yersinia spp. was performed by the agar dilution method, using 8 antibiotics as follows: ampicillin(Am), chloramphenicol, kanamycin, nalidixic acid(Na), rifampicin(Rf), streptomycin, sulfadimethoxine(Su) and tetracycline. All the strains tested were susceptible to Rf and Na, but resistant to Su, and 136 strains(98.6%) were also resistant to Am.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2000

A survey involving 71 cattle and buffalo farming households under coconut plantations was carried out in three districts (Pannala, Bingiriya and Kuliyapitiya) with the aim of assessing the status of livestock farming. Also, 24 households (eight from each district) were visited monthly for period of one year to collect information on feeding practices. Apart from milk, animals were reared for selling, draught, bio-gas and for manure. Due to difference in system of management of cattle and buffaloes, manure from buffaloes (46%) was more frequently used for coconuts than that from cattle (10%). Majority of cattle were improved breeds (temperate origin) or their crosses, as compared to buffaloes (mainly indigenous). The most predominant management system was tethered grazing during the day, and stall feeding during the night. Coconut land (own or others) and paddy fields were the major grazing areas for the animals. The grass from coconut land was lower in crude protein (8.2%) and digestibility (48%) compared to those from paddy fields (12.1 and 57%, respectively). Of the 288 rations analysed, grass was included in 280 of the daily rations for cattle as compared to 251 for buffaloes. Straw was more commonly included in mixed rations for buffaloes (137 out of 288) than for cattle (53 out of 288). The frequency of use of straw for buffaloes was high in Pannala (75 out of 137 cases). There was wide variation among the improved breeds of cattle and buffaloes in milk production (2 to 9 litres/day), lactation length (6 to 10 months) and calving interval (13-21 months).

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.201-209
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• 2016

Damages of large embankment dams by recent strong earthquakes in the world highlight the importance of seismic security of dams. Some of recent dam construction projects for water storage and hydropower are located in highly seismic zone, hence the seismic performance evaluation is an important issue. While state-of-the-art numerical analysis technology is generally utilized in practice for seismic performance evaluation of large dams, physical modeling is also carried out where new construction technology is involved or numerical analysis technology cannot simulate the behavior appropriately. Geotechnical centrifuge modeling is widely adopted in earthquake engineering to simulate the seismic behavior of large earth structures, but sometimes it can't be applied for large embankment dams due to various limitations. This study proposes a dynamic centrifuge testing method for large embankment dams and evaluated its applicability. Scaling relations for a case which model scale and g-level are different could be derived considering the stress conditions and predominant period of the structure, which is equivalent to previously suggested scaling relations. The scaling principles and testing method could be verified by modified modeling of models using a model at different acceleration levels. Finally, its applicability was examined by centrifuge tests for an embankment dam in Korea.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제18권2호통권23호
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• pp.19-22
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• 2004

Seasonal changes of topograpy, sediment grain size and accumulation rate on the Gomso-Bay tidal flat(Fig. 1), west coast of Korea, have studied in order to understand the seasonal accumulation pattern and preservation potential of tidal-flat sediments. Seasonal levelings across the tidal flat show that the landward movement of both intertidal sand shoals and cheiers accelerates during the winter and typhoon period, but it almost stops in summer when mud deposition is instead predominant on the middle to upper tidal flat. Seasonal variations of mean grain size were largest on the upper part of middle tidal flat where summer mud layers were eroded during the winter and typhoon periods(Fig. 2). Measurements of accululation depths from sea floor to basal plate reveal that accumulation rates were seasonally controlled according to the elevation of tidal-flat surface(Table 1) : the upper flat, where the accumulation rate of summer was generally higher than that of winter, was characterized by a continuous deposition throughout the entire year, whereas on the middle flat, sediment accumulations were concentrated in winter realtive to summer, and were intermittently eroded by typhoons. The lower tidal flat were deposited mostly in winter and eroded during summer typhoons. Cancores taken across the tidal flat reveal that sand-mud interlaers resulting from such seasonal changes of energy regime are preserved only in the upper part of the deposits and generally replaced by storm layers downcore(Fig. 3). Based on above results, it is suggested that the storm deposits formed by winter stors and typhoons would consist of the major part of the Gomso-Bay deposits(Fig. 4).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.93-106
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• 2004

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of moxibustion on the stress urinary incontinence for middle-aged women. The study was performed with the nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design from April 14 thru June 16, 2003. Methods: The subjects are 60 middle-aged women with stress urinary incontinence which are composed of 30 in the experimental group and another 30 in the control group. The moxibustion procedure was applied to the experimental group in a week, and then the level of stress urinary incontinence was measured by using the revised Hendrickson's scale. Results: The results of this study are as follows: 1. Average period of stress urinary incontinence is 4.12 years, and the level of stress urinary incontinence is predominant in the mild state(63.3%), and the frequency of stress urinary incontinence is mostly 2-6 times per week(70%). 2. Hypothesis: Stress urinary incontinence will decrease for the experimental group as compared with for the control group: accepted(t=-5.113, p=0.000). Conclusion: Based on the results described above, it is considered that the moxibustion might be very effective oriental nursing intervention for improving the stress urinary incontinence for the middle-aged women.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.407-414
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was performed to assess based on field investigation the distribution characteristics of airborne fungi in an area of Seongdong-gu, Seoul. Methods: Three sites, a living area, forest and traffic site, were selected for evaluation of monthly level of outdoor airborne fungi. An on-site survey was executed between January 2009 and December 2009. During the experimental period, air sampling was performed every month in the afternoon (2:00 pm-5:00 pm) using a cascade impactor. Results: Outdoor airborne fungi measured in Seoul, Korea over one year showed a concentration range from 850CFU $m^{-3}$ to 15,200CFU $m^{-3}$. The mean respirable fraction of outdoor airborne fungi was 67% compared to total concentration. Regardless of measurement site, there was no significant concentration difference in outdoor airborne fungi between periods of yellow dust and non-yellow dust (p>0.05). There was no significant correlation relationship between outdoor airborne fungi and atmospheric factors such as temperature and relative humidity. The predominant genera of airborne fungi identified were Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Paecilomyces and Penicillium. Conclusion: Monthly levels of outdoor airborne fungi were highest in April and November and lowest in August. In seasonal concentration distribution, the autumn showed the highest level of outdoor airborne fungi, followed by spring, summer and winter. In regional concentration distribution, the highest level of outdoor airborne fungi was generally found in the forest, followed by the living area and traffic site.