• Toxicological Research
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.343-351
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• 2019

Many in vitro developmental toxicity assays have been proposed over several decades. Since the late 1980s, we have made intermittent attempts to introduce in vitro assays as screening tests for developmental toxicity of inhouse candidate products. Two cell-based assays which were developed two decades apart were intensively studied. One was an assay of inhibitory effects on mouse ascites tumor cell attachment to a concanavalin A-coated plastic sheet surface (MOT assay), which we studied in the early days of assay development. The other was an assay of inhibitory effects on the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell to beating heart cells (EST assay), which we assessed more recently. We evaluated the suitability of the assays for screening in-house candidates. The concordance rates with in vivo developmental toxicity were at the 60% level. The EST assay classified chemicals that inhibited cell proliferation as embryo-toxic. Both assays had a significant false positive rate. The assays were generally considered unsuitable for screening the developmental toxicity of our candidate compounds. Recent test systems adopt advanced technologies. Despite such evolution of materials and methods, the concordance rates of the EST and MOT systems were similar. This may suggest that the fundamental predictivity of in vitro developmental toxicity assays has remained basically unchanged for decades. To improve their predictivity, in vitro developmental toxicity assays should be strictly based on elucidated pathogenetic mechanisms of developmental toxicity.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.2391-2398
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• 2009

조기심실수축(Premature Ventricular Contractions, PVC)은 부정 맥 중 가장 빈번히 나타나는 심장질환으로 위험한 상황으로 발전할 가능성을 가지고 있다. 따라서 이의 검출은 심장질환에 대한 예방과 추후 발생여부에 대한 기초조사로서 매우 중요하다. 지금까지 PVC를 검출하는 많은 방법이 연구되어 왔으나 기존의 방법들은 잡음의 영향을 많이 받고 P파의 존재 유무에 의존적이기 때문에 검출의 정확도가 떨어지며, 처리시간이 많이 소요되기 때문에 실시간 검출에는 많은 어려움이 따른다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해 본 논문에서는 리듬분석과 비트매칭을 통한 PVC검출 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 전처리 과정 후 R 파를 검출하고, RR 간격의 리듬분석과 QRS 폭간격의 비트 매칭을 통해 비트 유형을 결정하는 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 제안한 알고리즘의 R파 및 PVC 검출 성능을 평가하기 위해 MIT-BIH 부정맥 데이터베이스를 사용하였다. 성능평가 결과, R파의 sensitivity는 99.74%, positive predictivity는 99.81%, PVC의 sensitivity는 93.91%, Positive predictivity는 96.48%의 검출 결과를 나타내었다.

• 한국언어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국언어정보학회 1998년도 Language, Information and Computation = Selected Papers from the 12th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation, Singapore
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• pp.152-162
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• 1998

• 인지과학
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.297-310
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• 2008

화행은 화자의 의도를 내포하기 때문에 지능형 대화 시스템을 구현할 때 화행 분석은 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 효과적인 화행 분석을 위한 2단계 모델을 제안한다. 첫 번째 단계에서 기계 학습 기반의 신경망 모델과 확률 기반의 예측도 모델을 이용하여 개별적으로 화행 후보를 생성한다. 두 번째 단계에서는 신경망 모델이 출력한 화행 후보들을 예측도 모델이 출력한 화행 후보들로 필터링한 후, 남겨진 후보들 중에서 최대값을 가지는 화행을 선택한다. 일정관리 영역에서의 실험 결과, 제안한 2단계 모델링 방법이 기계 학습 모델이나 확률 모델만을 사용하는 기존의 방법들보다 좋은 성능을 보였다.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 1994년도 춘계공동학술대회논문집; 창원대학교; 08월 09일 Apr. 1994
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• pp.561-568
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• 1994

A man model can be used as an effective tool to design ergonomically sound products and workplaces, and subsequently evaluate them properly. For a man model to be truly useful, it must be integrated with a posture prediction model which should be capable of representing the human arm reach posture in the context of equipments and workspaces. Since the human movement possesses redundant degrees of freedom, accurate representation or prediction of human movement was known to be a difficult problem. To solve this redundancy problem, a psychophysical cost function was suggested in this study which defines a cost value for each joint movement angle. The psychophysical cost function developed integrates the psychophysical discomfort of joints and the joint range availability concept which has been used for redundant arm manipulation in robotics to predict the arm reach posture. To properly predict an arm reach posture, an arm reach posture prediction model was then developed in which a posture configuration that provides the minimum total cost is chosen. The predictivity of the psychophysical cost function was compared with that of the biomechanical cost function which is based on the minimization of joint torque. Here, the human body is regarded as a two-dimensional multi-link system which consists of four links ; trunk, upper arm, lower arm and hand. Real reach postures were photographed from the subjects and were compared to the postures predicted by the model. Results showed that the postures predicted by the psychophysical cost function closely simulated human reach postures and the predictivity was more accurate than that by the biomechanical cost function.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2013

임상연구나 역학조사에서 $2{\times}2$ 분할표는 요약통계를 표현하는데 매우 유용하게 활용된다. 이때 $2{\times}2$ 분할표의 셀값들은 위험비, 상대위험비, 또는 승산비 등과 같은 척도를 계산하는데 이용된다. 본 논문에서는 민감도, 특이도, 예측도, 우도비와 같은 진단 측도들 간의 관계를 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 MS-office 액셀을 이용한 방사형 그래프를 통해 시각화하는 개선된 방법을 제안하였다. 몇 가지 수치적 예제를 활용하여 제안된 방법의 활용성을 제시하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.433-440
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• 2013

Toxocariasis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by larvae of ascarid nematodes of dogs or cats, Toxocara canis or T. cati. Diagnosis of human toxocariasis currently relies on serology that uses T. canis excretory-secretory antigen to detect specific IgG antibodies by ELISA. We investigated the serodiagnostic efficacy of ELISA using crude antigen of T. canis larvae (TCLA). Serum specimens of 64 clinically confirmed toxocariasis, 115 healthy controls, and 119 other tissue-invading helminthiases were screened by ELISA using TCLA. The ELISA using TCLA showed 92.2% (59/64 patient samples) sensitivity and 86.6% (103/119) specificity. Its positive diagnostic predictivity was 78.7% and negative predictivity was 97.8%. No serum of healthy controls reacted but that of anisakiasis (45.5%), gnathostomiasis (19.2%), clonorchiasis (15.8%), sparganosis (11.1%), and cysticercosis (6.3%) cross-reacted. Immunoblot analysis on TCLA recognized antigenic proteins of 28- and 30-kDa bands in their dominant protein quantity and strong blotting reactivity. The present results indicate that the ELISA using our TCLA antigen is acceptable by the sensitivity and specificity for serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis. ELISA with TCLA is recommended to make differential diagnosis for patients with any sign of organ infiltration and eosinophilia.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2009년도 정보 및 제어 심포지움 논문집
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• pp.357-359
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• 2009

In this paper, the 2.4GHz doppler radar system consisting of the doppler radar module and a baseband module were designed to detect heartbeat and respiration signal without direct skin contact. A bio-radar system emits continuous RF signal of 2.4GHz toward human chest, and then detects the reflected signal so as to investigate cardiopulmonary activities. The heartbeat and respiration signals acquired from quadrature signal of the doppler radar system are applied to the pre-processing circuit, amplification circuit, and the offset circuit of the baseband module. ECG(electrocardiogram) and reference respiration signals are measured simultaneously to evaluate the doppler radar system. As a result, the respiration signal of doppler radar signal is detected to 1m without complex digital signal processing. The sensitivity and calculated from I/Q respiration signal were $98.29{\pm}1.79%$, $97.11{\pm}2.75%$, respectively, and positive predictivity were $98.11{\pm}1.45%$, $92.21{\pm}10.92%$, respectively. The sensitivity and positive predictivity calculated from phase and magnitude of the doppler radar were $95.17{\pm}5.33%$, $94.99{\pm}5.43%$, respectively. In this paper, we confirmed that noncontact real-time heartbeat and respiration detection using the doppler radar system has the possibility and limitation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.613-619
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• 2012

We applied several machine learning methods for developing QSAR models for prediction of acute toxicity to fathead minnow. The multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) method were applied to predict 96 h $LC_{50}$ (median lethal concentration) of 555 chemical compounds. Molecular descriptors based on 2D chemical structure were calculated by PreADMET program. The recursive partitioning (RP) model was used for grouping of mode of actions as reactive or narcosis, followed by MLR method of chemicals within the same mode of action. The MLR, ANN, and two RP-MLR models possessed correlation coefficients ($R^2$) as 0.553, 0.618, 0.632, and 0.605 on test set, respectively. The consensus model of ANN and two RP-MLR models was used as the best model on training set and showed good predictivity ($R^2$=0.663) on the test set.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 1996년도 춘계공동학술대회논문집; 공군사관학교, 청주; 26-27 Apr. 1996
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• pp.147-150
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• 1996

Human posture prediction and motion simulation methods try to solve inverse kinematic problems using the optimization technique based on the concept of minimum principle. It is very important to select a cost function which relfects the human posture acurately. In this study, lifting postures were predicted using the five biomechanical cost functions and compared with real human postures in order to evaluate the predictivities of the cost functions. The result showed that all the biomechanical cost functions used in this study could not predict lifting postures accurately. The cost function which minimizes the sum of joint moments showed the smallest mean prediction error, while the one which minimizes the MUR showed statistically better performance.