• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.36-45
• /
• 2011

Objectives : Though a proportion of Alzheimer's disease(AD) patients treated with donepezil have shown positive response on cognition, but the responders' characteristics are still uncertain. This study attempts to identify whether a single oral dose of donepezil(5mg) can change cognition and the relationship between single dose responder items and long-term responder are examined. Methods : Twenty-three AD patients for single donepezil challenge study group and eleven AD patients for controls were participated in the study. Seven days after baseline study for neuropsychological test and EEG, same studies were rechecked after donepezil medication in study group. In donepezil study groups, 12 weeks after donepezil medication, neuropsychological test and EEG were rechecked. Results : After single donepezil challenge, forward digit span, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test copy, SVLT delayed recall were significantly improved, and beta spectra power in anterior, theta spectra power in posterior field were significantly decreased. According to linear regression analysis, forward digit span after single donepezil challenge was significantly positive correlated with long-term responders. Conclusions : This study suggests that single donepezil medication can significantly change cognitive functions and EEG in AD patients. Among these responsive items, forward digit span was significantly correlated with long-term responder.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제58권3호
• /
• pp.230-242
• /
• 2005

연구배경 : 우리나라 국민을 대상으로 실시한 폐활량검사의 판정과 해석은 우리나라 국민을 대상으로 구한 폐활량 예측식이 사용되어야 한다. 그 동안 외국인을 대상으로 구한 폐활량 예측치가 사용되어 오류가 있었다. 본 연구에서는 전 국민을 대상으로 대표성 있고 신뢰할 수 있는 노력성 폐활량과 일초간 노력성 폐활량, 6초간 노력성 폐활량, 일초율에 대한 정상 예측식을 개발 하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 전 국민을 대상으로 층화표본 추출법을 사용하여 조사대상을 선정하였으며, 폐활량검사기와 검사방법, 검사과정, 결과의 선택을 미국흉부학회에서 권고하는 기준에 따라 체계적인 정도관리와 질관리를 실시하였다. 폐활량 검사를 실시한 대상자 4,816명 중에서 비흡연자이면서 폐활량에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 호흡기 질환 및 증상이 없고, 흉부방사선학적 검사에서 심폐 이상 소견이 없으면서, 폐활량에 영향을 미치는 유해인자에의 노출력이 없는 대상자는 1,212명으로 남자 206명, 여자 1,006명이었다. 이들은 지역과 연령별로 우리나라 국민을 대표할 수 있었다. 통계분석에서 혼합효과모델을 적용하여 AIC 값이 가장 작은 모델로서 남자와 여자에 공통적으로 포함된 변수들을 일반선형회귀분석에 적용하여 폐활량 예측식을 구하였다. 결 과 : 노력성 폐활량의 예측식은 남자 -4.8434 - 0.00008633*연령$^2$(년) + 0.05292*신장(cm) + 0.01095*체중(kg)이었으며, 여자 -3.0006 - 0.0001273 *연령$^2$(년) + 0.03951*신장(cm) + 0.006892*체중(kg)이었다. 일초간 노력성 폐활량의 예측식은 남자 -3.4132 -0.0002484*연령$^2$(년) + 0.04578*신장(cm)이었으며, 여자 -2.4114 - 0.0001920*연령$^2$(년) + 0.03558*신장(cm)이었다. 6초간 노력성 폐활량의 예측식은 남자 -4.4244 -0.0001367*연령$^2$(년) + 0.05156*신장(cm) + 0.008246*체중(kg)이었으며, 여자 -3.1433 - 0.0001442*연령$^2$(년) + 0.04018*신장(cm) + 0.007077*체중(kg)이었다. 일초율의 예측식은 남자 119.9004 - 0.3902*연령(년) - 0.1268*신장(cm)이었으며, 여자 97.8567 - 0.2800*연령(년) - 0.01564*신장(cm)이었다. 결 론 : 본 예측식은 미국흉부학회에서 제시하고 있는 연령과 신장 변수에 체중이 포함되어 차이가 있었다. 이러한 이유는 연령효과와 젊은 연령에서 신장과 체중이 급격하게 변화하는 체격효과가 복합적으로 작용하기 때문이라고 해석된다. 본 예측식과 다른 국내 및 국외 예측식을 비교할 때 본 예측식이 노력성 폐활량과 일초간 노력성 폐활량, 일초율의 예측치를 높게 추정하였으나 대부분 그 차이가 10% 이내로 비슷하였다. 코카시안인 백인을 대상으로 구한 외국의 예측식보다 본 연구의 정상 예측치가 낮지 않았다. 이러한 이유로는 우리나라 젊은 사람들의 체격조건의 변화와 함께 엄격한 정상인의 선정기준, 검사방법과 검사결과의 정도관리 및 질관리에 기인하는 것으로 판단되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권17호
• /
• pp.7825-7829
• /
• 2015

Background: Egypt has the highest prevalence of HCV infection in the world (~14.7%). Around 10-15% of HCV-infected persons will advance to cirrhosis within the first 20 years. The incidence of HCC is expected to grow in the next two decades, largely due to HCV related cirrhosis, and detection of HCC at an early stage is critical for a favorable clinical outcome. No simple reliable non-invasive marker has been available till now. B2M, a non-glycosylated polypeptide composed of 99 amino acids, is one of the components of HLA class I molecules on the surfaces of all nucleated cells. It has been reported that the level of serum B2M is elevated in patients with chronic hepatitis C and HCV-related HCC when compared to HCV-negative patients or healthy donors. Determining the clinical utility of serum B2M as a marker for disease progression in Egyptian patients with HCV related chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma was the aim of the present study. Materials and Methods: In this analytical cross sectional study 92 participants were included in 4 equal groups: Group (1) non cirrhotic chronic HCV; Group (2) HCV related liver cirrhosis; Group (3) HCC on top of HCV,; and Group (4) healthy controls. History taking, clinical examination, routine labs and abdominal ultrasound were conducted for all patients, PCR and Metavir scores for group (1) patients, and triphasic CT abdomen and AFP for Group (3) patients. B2M levels were measured in serum with a fully-automated IMX system. Results: The mean serum B2M level of Group (1) was $4.25{\pm}1.48{\mu}g/ml$., Group (2) was $7.48{\pm}3.04$, Group (3) was $6.62{\pm}2.49$ and Group (4) was $1.62{\pm}0.63$. Serum B2M levels were significantly higher in diseased than control group (p<0.01) being significantly higher in cirrhosis ($7.48{\pm}3.04$) and HCC groups ($6.62{\pm}2.49$) than the HCV group ($4.25{\pm}1.48$) (p<0.01). There was a significant correlation between B2M Level and ALK, total and direct bilirubin and INR (p<0.05), and a significant inverse correlation between B2M level and albumin, total proteins, HB andWBCS values (p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between B2M level and viral load or Metavir score, largest tumour size or AFP (p>0.05). The best B2M cut-off for HCV diagnosis was 2.6 with a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 92%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 97% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%. The best B2M cut-off for HCC diagnosis was 4.55 which yielded sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive values of 74%, 62%, 39.5, 87.8% respectively (p-value <0.01) while best cut-off for cirrhosis was 4.9, with sensitivity 74 % and specificity 74%.The sensitivity for HCC diagnosis increased upon B2M and AFP combined estimation to 91%, specificity to 79%, NPV to 95% and accuracy to 83%. Conclusions: Serum B2M level is elevated in HCV related chronic liver diseases and may be used as a marker for HCV disease progression towards cirrhosis and carcinoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권16호
• /
• pp.7129-7138
• /
• 2015

Background: The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by hyperandrogenism and chronic anovulation, is a common endocrine disorder in women. PCOS, which is associated with polycystic ovaries, hirsutism, obesity and insulin resistance, is a leading cause of female infertility. In this condition there is an imbalance in female sex hormones. All the sequelae symptoms of PCOS gradually lead to cancer in the course of time. It is heterogeneous disorder of unknown etiology so it is essential to find the exact cause. Materials and Methods: In this study both invasive and non-invasive techniques were employed to establish the etiology. Diagnosis was based on Rotterdam criteria (hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, PCOM) and multiparameters using buccal samples and dermatoglypic analysis and cytogenetic study for 10 cases and four age and sex matched controls. Results: In clinical analysis we have observed the mean value of total testosterone level was 23.6nmol/L, total hirsutism score was from 12-24, facial acne was found in in 70% patients with 7-12 subcapsular follicular cysts, each measuring 2-8 mm in diameter. In dermatoglypic analysis we observed increases in mean value ($45.9^{\circ}$) of ATD angle when compared with control group and also found increased frequency (38%) of Ulnar loops on both fingers (UU), (18%) whorls on the right finger and Ulnar loop on left finger (WU) and (16%) arches on right and left fingers (AA) were observed in PCOS patients when compared with control subjects. Features which could be applied as markers for PCOS patients are the presence of Ulnar loops in middle and little fingers of right and left hand. The buccal micronucleus cytome assay in exfoliated buccal cells, we found decrease in frequency of micronuclei and significant increases in frequency of karyolysed nuclei in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients. Chromosome aberration analysis revealed a significant increase in frequency of chromosome aberrations (CAs) in PCOS patients when compared with controls. Conclusions: From this present work it can be concluded that non-invasive technique like dermatoglypics analysis and buccal micronucleus cytome assays with exfoliated buccal cell can also be effective biomarkers for PCOS, along with increased CAs in lymphocytes as a sign of genetic instability. There is a hypothesis that micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations could have a predictive value for cancer. From this present work it can be concluded to some extent that non-invasive technique like dermatoglypics and buccal cell analysis can also be effective for diagnosis.

• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.181-189
• /
• 2009

Objectives : N100 amplitude slope(the intensity dependence of the cortical auditory evoked potentials) is widely considered as an indirect indicator of central serotonergic neurotransmission. However, there are only a few studies about N100 amplitude slopes of major psychiatric disorders. In this study, we examined N100 amplitude slope differences among major depressive disorder(MDD), bipolar disorder(BD), schizophrenia (SCZ) and normal controls(NC). Methods : We measured the N100 amplitude slopes of 35 patients with MDD, 33 patients with BD, 27 patients with SCZ and 35 NC subjects. Amplitude differences from N1 to P2 at the five different sound intensities(55, 65, 75, 85 and 95dB) were examined at Cz electrode. The N100 amplitude slope was calculated as the linear regression of five N1/P2 peak-to-peak amplitudes across stimulus intensities. Results : BD patients showed significantly reduced N100 amplitude slope compared with NC(0.54${\pm}$0.70 vs. 0.96${\pm}$0.72, p=0.035). N100 amplitude slope of SCZ patients was significantly reduced compared with NC(0.50${\pm}$0.47 vs. 0.96${\pm}$0.72, p=0.027). N100 amplitude slope of BD patients was significantly lower than that of MDD patients(0.54${\pm}$0.70 vs. 0.94${\pm}$0.60, p=0.046). SCZ patients also showed significant reduction of N100 amplitude slope compared with MDD patients(0.50${\pm}$0.47 vs. 0.94${\pm}$0.60, p=0.036). There was no significant difference of N100 amplitude slope between MDD patients and NC(0.94${\pm}$0.60 vs. 0.96${\pm}$0.72, p=1.000). Conclusion : Interestingly, the N100 amplitude slopes of BD and SCZ were reduced compared to NC and MDD patients. Our results suggest the predictive use of N100 amplitude slope in making differential diagnoses of major psychiatric disorders. Clinical implications of N100 amplitude slope in major psychiatric disorders were discussed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제72권2호
• /
• pp.156-162
• /
• 2012

Background: The main goal of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nested PCR) in bronchial washing fluid with MAGE A1-6 common primers for the detection of lung cancers invisible by bronchoscopy. Methods: To determine the expression of MAGE A1-6 gene in 189 lung cancers diagnosed by conventional fluoroscopy-guided lung biopsy and 89 cancer-free controls, RT-nested PCR was performed in bronchial washing specimens. We analyzed MAGE A1-6 RT-nested PCR data according to tumor histology, stage, size, and compared them with cytological data. Results: 189 patients (111 cases in adenocarcinoma, 47 cases in squamous cell carcinoma, 22 cases in small cell lung carcinoma, and 9 cases in other cancers) and 89 benign patients were investigated. The expression of MAGE was performed by nested RT-PCR using common MAGE primer. Among 189 cancer patients, the expression rate of MAGE was 49.2%, and the positive predictive value was 89.4%. However, the expression rate of MAGE in patients with benign lesions was 12.4%. In peripheral lung cancer, the positive rate of MAGE expression was 57.4% in squamous cell carcinoma, 44.1% in adenocarcinoma and 59.1% in small cell lung cancer. Whereas the expression rate of bronchial washing cytology in peripheral lung cancer was 9.0% (p=0.011). Conclusion: MAGE RT-PCR in bronchial washing fluid gave us promising data for the detection of peripheral lung cancer. It could be a useful method for selecting diagnostic tools for peripheral lesions.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.993-999
• /
• 2008

Ischemic brain injury such as cerebral infarction is characterized by acute local inflammatory response mediated by cytokines. The mechanism of cytokines involved in cerebral infarction progression are uncompletely revealed yet. We investigated to find out the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of interleukin 4 receptor(IL4R) and Oriental Medicine therapy efficacy in patients with cerebral infarction for 2 weeks. Oriental Korean Medicine therapies (herbal medicine and acupuncture) were applied daily and motor functions of patients were assessed using the modified cerebral vascular accident (MCVA) scores. Genotyping for IL4R polymorphism was done by pyrosequencing analysis. In IL4R genotypes and the frequency of alleles, there was no significant difference between cerebral infarction patients (n=124) and controls group (n=175). And there was also no significant difference among good and bad responders in cerebral infarction patients. In this study the IL4R genotype might not be the risk factor or a good predictive genetic marker for good and bad responders in cerebral infarction patients in Korean. Further studies including different cytokine genes will be necessary for the exact genetic markers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권12호
• /
• pp.4865-4869
• /
• 2014

Objective: This study evaluated the expression level of high mobility group box-B1 (HMGB-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) inmorder to reveal any relation with development and prognosis. Methods: NSCLC and normal tissues were selected from 30 patients at age of 30-73, and used for RT-PCR and Western blot analyses of HMGB-1. A total of 100 paraffin embedded NSCLC tissues were also isolated from patients through surgical resection, and used for detection of HMGB-1 by immunohistochemistry. In addition, 50 samples were also applied for MMP-9 detection, and 30 normal tissues were considered as controls. Correlation analysis of HMGB-1 and MMP-9 was carried out by Pearsons correlation coefficient. Results: The average expression level of HMGB-1 in NSCLC patients was significantly higher than in normal lung tissues. In addition, patients in III-IV period exhibit significantly higher positive rate of HMGB-1 when compared with I-II period cases. Furthermore, a positive correlation with HMGB-1 was found in the expression of MPP-9. Conclusion: HMGB-1 was highly expressed in NSCLC, which may become a prognostic and predictive marker for NSCLC. Besides, MPP-9 was positively correlated with HMGB-1.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권18호
• /
• pp.8253-8258
• /
• 2016

Elevated levels of soluble CD30 (sCD30) are linked with various T-cell neoplasms. However, the relationship between sCD30 levels and the development of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers remains to be clarified. We here investigated whether plasma sCD30 is associated with risk of ATL in a nested case-control study within a cohort of HTLV-1 carriers. We compared sCD30 levels between 11 cases (i.e., HTLV-1 carriers who later progressed to ATL) and 22 age-, sex- and institution-matched control HTLV-1 carriers (i.e., those with no progression). The sCD30 concentration at baseline was significantly higher in cases than in controls (median 65.8, range 27.2-134.5 U/mL vs. median 22.2, range 8.4-63.1 U/mL, P=0.001). In the univariate logistic regression analysis, a higher sCD30 (${\geq}30.2U/mL$) was significantly associated with ATL development (odds ratio 7.88 and the 95% confidence intervals 1.35-45.8, P = 0.02). Among cases, sCD30 concentration tended to increase at the time of diagnosis of aggressive-type ATL, but the concentration was stable in those developing the smoldering-type. This suggests that sCD30 may serve as a predictive marker for the onset of aggressive-type ATL in HTLV-1 carriers.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed at developing an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict the optimal start moment of the setback temperature during the normal occupied period of a building. Method: For achieving this objective, three major steps were conducted: the development of an initial ANN model, optimization of the initial model, and performance tests of the optimized model. The development and performance testing of the ANN model were conducted through numerical simulation methods using transient systems simulation (TRNSYS) and matrix laboratory (MATLAB) software. Result: The results analysis in the development and test processes revealed that the indoor temperature, outdoor temperature, and temperature difference from the setback temperature presented strong relationship with the optimal start moment of the setback temperature; thus, these variables were used as input neurons in the ANN model. The optimal values for the number of hidden layers, number of hidden neurons, learning rate, and moment were found to be 4, 9, 0.6, and 0.9, respectively, and these values were applied to the optimized ANN model. The optimized model proved its prediction accuracy with the very storing statistical correlation between the predicted values from the ANN model and the simulated values in the TRNSYS model. Thus, the optimized model showed its potential to be applied in the control algorithm.