• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.257-269
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• 2001

Removal of subgingival calculus is essential for the success in periodontal treatment. Subgingival instrumentation is used for the removal of all bacterial plaque and calculus. In this study, Gracey curet and Ultrasonic curet were used on single rooted teeth to conduct subgingval scaling and root planning. The remaining amount of calculus was evaluated according to type of instrument, depth of pocket, and tooth surface. 24 teeth were extracted from 14 patients being treated at department Periodontology Seoul Advantist dental hospital were used. Total 96 area(4 surface per teeth) were evaluated. 12 teeth treated with Gracey curet were used as the control group and the other 12 teeth treated with Ultrasonic curet were examined for experimental group. The 4 surface of the teeth(buccal, mesial, lingual or palatal, distal) were observed through the stereomicroscope and the images of the surface were captured and saved in CCD. The images were displayed on the monitor and the amount of calculus remained was evaluated by overlapping $10{\times}10$ grid pixel screen produced by Microsoft power point. The results evaluated were as follows 1. There was no statistically significant difference in residual calculus and tooth position following scaling and root planning of all group, but statistically significant correlation with residual calculus, probing depth, instruments and tooth surface. 2. There was statistically significant correlation between residual calculus and probing depth, but no statistically significant difference in residual calculus, tooth surface and tooth position on experimental(Ultrasonic curet) group. 3. There was no statistically significant difference in residual calculus according to the pre-treatment pocket depth and tooth position, but statistically significant correlation with tooth surface. The amount of residual calculus increase with mesial, distal, buccal and lingual(or palatal) surface on control(Gracey curet) group. 4. The Gracey showed better results than ultrasonic curet in mesial and distal surface, and there is significant difference. The results demonstrate that ultrasonic curet alone is inadequate for thorough subgingival debridement and suggest that Ultrasonic curet with Gracey curet should be more effective.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.503-513
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• 1986

Previous studies have developed the technique of topical application of tetracycline(TC) into the periodontal pockets and examined the change of clinical parameters and subgingival microbial morphotypes. The purpose of this study was to longitudinally examine the clinical and microbiological effects of topically applied TC in a double-blind and split-mouth design. Thirteen patients with moderate periodontitis, who were treated with or without TC application and scaling treatment, were examined. TC gel(3%) was used to apply into the selected periodontal pockets twice a week for 2 weeks. During the experiment, clinical parameters and subgingival microbial morphotypes were examined, and for isolation of black-pigmented Bacteroides(BPB) and streptococci, an anaerobic sample culturing was done at week 0, 2, and 7. In clinical observation the TC-scaled group exhibited a significant decrease of Gingival Inflammatory Index, Plaque Index, Sulcus Bleeding Index, pocket depth, and gingival crevicular fluid when compared to the TC-unsealed, placebo-scaled, and placebo-unsealed groups. The result of microbial morphotype observation showed a significant increase of coccal form and a decrease of spirochetes in the TC-scaled, TC-unscaled, and placebo-scaled groups. The culture study of streptococci revealed that TC with scaling treatment resulted in a significant increase of S. sanguis I at week 2, but its proportion had returned to the base line level. The anaerobic culture study showed that BPB was significantly reduced in the TC-scaled and TC-unsealed groups at week 7. Among BPB species, B. intermedius declined significantly with time treatment(week 2 and 7) in the TC-scaled and TC-unsealed groups. These results suggest that the settled pathogenic microflora can be succeeded by nonpathogenic microflora in periodontal pockets after TC treatment.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.15-26
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• 2008

Recently, various damages such as corrosion of rebar, scaling on concrete pavement and environmental deteriorations caused by using the chloride-containing deicer have been reported. To solve these problems, several substitute deicers have been developed by other researchers. However, studies on evaluation of performance for the developed deicers have been limited in the basic laboratory testing. It is necessary to establish the resonable and systematic test procedure for evaluating the deicing performance. In this study, rational and practical test methods were set up through literature review and deicing performance of Eco-Friendly Deicer(EFD), which is a kind of low chloride-containing deicer developed by our research group, was evaluated by the presented test methods. As results of the laboratory tests, initial deicing performance of EFD was similar with that of Pre-Wetted Salt(PWS) which has been used in highway deicing and it was verified by executed field tests in twice that EFD had passable deicing performance compare with PWS.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.279-284
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• 2016

Membrane distillation (MD) is the thermally driven water separation process based on the vapor pressure difference across the membrane. In order to increase the water recovery of the conventional RO process, the additional MD-PRO pocess was suggested. In this study, the syntheric RO brine was used as a feed solution of the MD process. Due to the high salinity of the RO brine, the MD membrane could be fouled by the scalants. In order to mitigate the scaling on the MD membrane surface, the pre-treatment process using the column filled by natural zeolite was applied. The roughing filter was installed between the pre-treatment process and MD system in order to prevent possible particulate fouling by the debries of the natural zeolite. Moreover, in order to enhance the CEC of the natural zeolite, the NaCl soaking was conducted. The flux and electronic conductivity were monitored under given experimental conditions. And the membrane morphology and the chemical compositions were analyzed by using the SEM-EDX.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2009

Objectives: Smoking is related to periodontal disease and periodontal therapy. So the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of professional tooth cleaning and plaque control instruction (PT & PCI) for smoking behavior. Methods: A total of 151 adults were investigated using the O'Leary Plaque Index (PI), $L\ddot{o}e$ & Silness gingival index (GI) and the number of sextants possessing periodontal pocket (SPP). And adults were given a through dental scaling and Watanabe method for dental plaque control. Follow up examination were conducted after 3 months and compared the pre and post- status. The collected data were analyzed with t-test, paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance. Results: Regardless of smoking behavior, improving effects were identified after PT & PCI on PI, GI and SPP in the whole population. However, the effects of GI improvement were significant in the smoking group alone; those of PI improvement were most significant in the non-smoking group; and those of SPP improvement were more significant in non-smoking and pre-smoking groups than in the smoking group. The shorter period of smoking and the smaller amount of smoking, the greater effects of PT & PCI by smoking-related characteristics. Conclusion: Smoking cessation instruction should necessarily be included in oral health education in that smoking is an important factor to consider in prevention of periodontal diseases and periodontal therapies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.2491-2496
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• 2010

The DFA(detrended fluctuation analysis) which is included the correlation property of the EEG is used to analysis the depth of anesthesia. We studied ASA I or II adult patients supported by the society of anesthesiologists. Patients with history of dementia and neurological disorder are excluded. Average age is $48.9{\pm}10.9$ old, average weight is $57.1{\pm}8.2$ kg and average hight is $158{\pm}6.6$cm of the patients under the operation. Anesthesia medicine is Sevoflurane and the stages of anesthesia are 6 stages, that is pre-operation, induction, right after induction, stop the medicine and post-operation. Among the scaling exponent ${\alpha}1$, ${\alpha}2$, ${\alpha}3$ we know that ${\alpha}1$, ${\alpha}3$, were well appeared to discriminate pre-operation, induction, right after induction, stop the medicine and post-operation. So we confirmed that the parameters is useful to the depth of anesthesia.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.89-112
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• 2017

Dyeing wastewaters are the most problematic wastewater in textile industries and also, growing amounts of waste fibers in carpet industries have concerned environmental specialists. Among different treatment methods, membrane filtration processes as energy-efficient and compatible way, were utilized for several individual problems. In this research, novel hybrid membranes were prepared by waste fibers of mechanical carpets as useful resource of membrane matrix and industrial graphite powder as filler to eliminate Chrysophenine GX from dyeing wastewater. These membranes were expected to be utilized for first stage of hybrid membrane filtration process including (adsorption-ultrafiltration) and nanofiltration in Kashan Textile Company. For scaling of membrane filtration process, fouling mechanism of these membranes were recognized and explained by the use of genetic algorithm, as well. The graphite increased rejection and diminished permeate flux at low concentration but in high concentration, the performance was significantly worsened. Among all hybrid membranes, 18% wt. waste fibers-1% wt. graphite membrane had the best performance and minimum fouling. The maximum pore size of this optimum membrane was ranged from 16.10 to 18.72 nm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.279-286
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• 2000

The objective of this research is to detect the papaya fruits on tree in an orchard. The detection of papaya on natural background is difficult because colors of fruits and background such as leaves are similarly green. We cannot separate it from leaves by color information. Therefore, this research will use shape information instead. First, we detect an interested object by detecting its boundary using edge detection technique. However, the edge detection will detect every objects boundary in the image. Therefore, shape description technique will be used to describe which one is the interested object boundary. The good shape description should be invariant in scaling, rotating, and translating. The successful concept is to use Fourier series, which is called "Fourier Descriptors". Elliptic Fourier Descriptors can completely represent any shape, which is selected to describe the shape of papaya. From the edge detection image, it takes a long time to match every boundary directly. The pre-processing task will reduce non-papaya edge to speed up matching time. The deformable template is used to optimize the matching. Then, clustering the similar shapes by the distance between each centroid, papaya can be completely detected from the background.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.24-30
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• 2003

Pre-existing authentication system such as token based method, knowledge-based and hybrid method have problems such as loss and wiretapping. for this, this paper describes the biometric authentication system which have the excellent convenience and security. In particular, a new biometric system by human face biometric features which have the non-enforcement and non-touch measurement is proposed. Firstly, facial features are extracted by Y- histogram and tilted face images we corrected by coordinate transformation and scaling has done for achieving independent of the camera positions. Secondly, feature vectors are extracted such as distance and intersection angles and similarities we measured by fuzzy relation matrix. finally, the effectiveness of this paper is demonstrated by experiments.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.2783-2804
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• 2021

In the network function virtualization environment, dynamic changes in network traffic will lead to the dynamic changes of service function chain resource demand, which entails timely dynamic adjustment of service function chain resource configuration. At present, most researches solve this problem through virtual network function migration and link rerouting, and there exist some problems such as long service interruption time, excessive network operation cost and high penalty. This paper proposes a dynamic adjustment method of service function chain resource configuration for the dynamic changes of network traffic. First, a dynamic adjustment request of service function chain is generated according to the prediction of network traffic. Second, a dynamic adjustment strategy of service function chain resource configuration is determined according to substrate network resources. Finally, the resource configuration of a service function chain is pre-adjusted according to the dynamic adjustment strategy. Virtual network functions combination and virtual machine reusing are fully considered in this process. The experimental results show that this method can reduce the influence of service function chain resource configuration dynamic adjustment on quality of service, reduce network operation cost and improve the revenue of service providers.