• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.25 no.4 s.34
• /
• pp.97-110
• /
• 1999

The new stick make-up product was studied by using a gel, which is a viscous complex formed with clay minerals, vitamins A and E and fluorinated liquid polymer with a 1500 molecular weight. The gel cannot be obtained with any random combination of clay minerals and the ingredients described above. It takes the sequential manufacturing method as follows to get this kind of gel. Firstly, clay minerals and liquid polymers have to be pre-mixed in order to saturate the liquid polymers with the clay minerals. Then the on-processed gel has to be finely crystallized. The clay minerals, which are the core elements for this gel, were used as a function of Binder & Buffer and liquid polymer was mixed together for the deterioration of the surface tension of each component and to form a functional film in the gel. This liquid polymer was combined with clay minerals because it is not miscible with most oils and solvents. Waxes have a function of keeping a solid status in the stick. We reduced the usage of waxes by putting clay minerals as buffer in the proportion of 0.5:1 with oil phase. Ceramide takes care of the skin when used regularly and maintains the skin's moisture. Vitamins A and E contribute to preventing skin aging by the activation of skin cells. We could get the stable viscous gel, which has about 80% oil phase using clay minerals and liquid polymer. The crystalline structures of gel were surface-chemically-analyzed using SEM and Image Analyzer and were thermodynamically analyzed using DSC. Surface tension test and softness were done by Rheometer. In the end, these characteristics were verified by consumer panel tests in Seoul, Daegeon and Pusan in Korea and Hokkaido, Osaka and Miyazaki in Japan with correlation to the climate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2010.08a
• /
• pp.316-316
• /
• 2010

Thin films spin-coated from solvent solutions are characterized by solution parameters and spin-coating process. In this study, performance characteristics of polymer solar cells were investigated with changing solution parameters such as solvent and additives. The phase-separation between polymer and fullerene is needed to make the percolation pathway for better transportation of hole and electron in polymer solar cells. For this reason, cooperative effects of solvent mixtures adding additives with distinct solubility have been studied recently. In this study, chlorobezene, 1, 2-dichlorbenzene, and chloroform were used as solvent. 1, 8-diiodoctaned and 1, 8-octanedithiol were used as additives and were added into poly(3-hexylthiophene-2, 5-diyl)/[6, 6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PCBM) blends. Pre-patterned ITO glass was cleaned using ultrasonication in mixed solvent with ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and acetone. PEDOT:PSS was spin-coated on to the ITO substrate at 3000rpm and was baked at $120^{\circ}C$ for 10min on the hotplate. The prepared solution was spin-coated at 1000rpm and the spin-coated thin film was dried in the Petri dishes. Al electrode was deposited on the thin film by thermal evaporation. The devices were annealed at $120^{\circ}C$ for 30min. By adding 2.5 volume percent of additives into the chlorobenzene from that bulk heterojunction films consisting of P3HT/PCBM, the power efficiency (AM 1.5G conditions) was increased from 2.16% to 2.69% and 3.12% respectively. We have investigated the effect of additives in P3HT/PCBM blends and the film characteristics and the film characteristics including J-V characteristics, absorption, photoluminescence, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy to mainly depict the morphology control by doping additives.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.100-109
• /
• 2015

Environmental problems from petroleum-based plastic wastes have been rapidly increasing in recent years. The alternative solution is focus on the development of environmental friendly plastic derived from renewable resource. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer synthesized from biomass having potential to replace the petroleum-based non-degradable polymers utilizations. PLA can be synthesized by two methods: (1) ring-opening of lactide intermediate and (2) direct polycondensation of lactic acid processes. The latter process has advantages on high yields and high purity of polymer products, materials handling and ease of process treatments. The polymerization process of PLA synthesis has been widely studied in a laboratory scale. However, the mass scale production using direct polycondensation of lactic acid has not been reported. We have investigated the kinetics and scale-up process of direct polycondensation method to produce PLA in a pilot scale. The order of reaction is 2 and activation energy of lactic acid to lactic acid oligomers is 61.58 kJ/mol. The pre-polymer was further polymerized in a solid state polymerization (SSP) process. The synthesized PLA from both the laboratory and pilot scales show the comparable properties such as melting temperature and molecular weight. The appearance of synthesized PLA is yellow-white solid powder.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
• /
• 1999.10a
• /
• pp.97-110
• /
• 1999

The new stick make-up product was studied by using a gel, which is a viscous complex formed with clay minerals, vitamins A and I and fluorinated liquid polymer with a 1500 molecular weight. The gel cannot be obtained with any random combination of clay minerals and the ingredients described above. It takes the sequential manufacturing method as follows to get this kind of gel. Firstly, clay minerals and liquid polymers have ·to be pre-mixed in order to saturate the liquid polymers with the clay minerals. Then tile on-processed gel has to be finely crystallized. The clay minerals, which are the core elements for this gel, were used as a function of Binder & Buffer and liquid polymer was mixed together for the deterioration of the surface tension of each component and to from a functional film in the gel. This liquid polymer was combined with clay minerals because it is not miscible with most oils and solvents. Waxes have a function of keeping a solid status in the stick. We reduced the usage of waxes by putting clay minerals as buffer in the proportion of 0.5 : 1 with oil phase. Ceramide takes care of the skin when used regularly and maintains the skin’s moisture. Vitamins A and I contribute to preventing skin’aging by the activation of skin cells. We could get the stable viscous gel, which has about 80% oil phase using clay minerals and liquid polymer, The crystal 1 me structures of gel were surface-chemical1y-analyzed using SEM and Image Analyzer and were thermodynamically analyzed using DSC, Surface tension test and softness were done by Rheometer. In the end, these characteristics were verified by consumer panel tests in Seoul, Baegeon and Pusan in Korea and Hokkaido, Oska and Miyazaki in Japan with correlation to the climate.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.163-166
• /
• 2018

Dip-pen nanolithography(DPN) is an atomic force microscope (AFM) based method of generating nano- or micro-patterns. This technique has been used to transfer various ink materials on the substrate through water meniscus formed between AFM tip and the substrate surface. In this study, the heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyltrimethoxysilane (HDFDTMS) ink materials were coated on the pre-coated AFM tip surface with the HDFDTMS molecules. When the tip brought into contact with the hydroxyl-functionalized silicon surface, HDFDTMS ink molecules have been successfully transported from the tip onto the surface via water meniscus. The created array and passivation area showed stable structures on the surface, and the transport of ink materials from the AFM tip to the surface followed linear increase in pattern size with contact time.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.131-135
• /
• 2016

We investigated the specific gravity and mechanical property changes of solid-state extruded polypropylene (PP)/talc composites before and after orientation. The specific gravity of the composites increases with increasing the filler contents. The specific gravity of the oriented specimen containing filler in PP matrix is found to be much smaller than that of pre-specimen due to the formation of more micro-voids. It was found that the tensile properties of the composites are increased up to the talc content of 10 wt%, but after the contents exceeding 10 wt%, the tensile properties are decreased. For oriented specimens, the tensile strength of the composites showed monotonously decrease with increasing talc contents. When the contents of talc is 10 wt%, the theoretical values according to Halpin-Tsai equation are close to the experimental values but over 20 wt% of talc contents, the deviation of the experimental values from the theoretical prediction becomes higher. The maximum flexural strength and modulus were observed for PP/talc composites when the talc contents was 10 wt% for both pre-specimen and oriented specimen.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.617-624
• /
• 2001

The core-shell composite latexes were synthesized by stage emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene (St) with ammonium persulfate after preparing monomer pre-emulsion in the presence of anionic surfactant. However, in preparation of core-shell composite latex, several unexpected results are observed, such as, particle coagulation, low degree of polymerization, and formation of new particles during shell polymerization. To solve the disadvantages, We study the effect of initiator concentrations, surfactant concentrations, and reaction temperature on the core-shell structure of polymethyl methacrylate/polystyrene and polystyrene/polymethyl methacrylate. Particle size and particle size distribution were measured using particle size analyzer, and the morphology of the core-shell composite latex was determined using transmission electron microscope. Glass temperature was also measured using differential scanning calorimeter. To identify the core-shell structure, pH of the two composite latex solutions were measured.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.255-261
• /
• 2013

This paper introduced a new preparation method of a composite rubber by mixing BR (butadiene rubber) and CIIR (chloro-isobutyl rubber) for the purpose of improving frictional property of BR. Since BR has high abrasion and low frictional properties, its frictional property needs to be enhanced in order to be used as an outsole of a sport shoe. Such enhancement was difficult to achieve by simple blending of CIIR. In here, CIIR was added into BR matrix after CIIR was pre-crosslinked for a time period, and both high frictional and high abrasion resistance properties were achieved. Our experiments showed that the composite rubber blend of 60% of BR and 40% of pre-crosslinked CIIR had desired BR's frictional and abrasion resistance properties for sport shoes.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2001

The bi-functional ion exchangers, SAPP-g-(AN/St) were synthesized with mixed vinyl monomers(acrylonitrile and styrene) onto PP fabric by the pre-irradiation grafting with E-beam and its subsequent amidoximination and sulfonation. The degree of grafting of PP-g-(AN/St) was increased with decreasing acrylonitrile composition in the mixed monomers. The water uptake of copolymers increased with decreasing in the amidoxime ratio in the copolymers and increased by sulfonation, but decreased by amidoximation. The $UO_2^{2+}$ adsorption capacity of SPP-g-St, APP-g-AN, and SAPP-g-(AN/St) were 12.4, 34.0, and 38.0 mg/g, respectively and the optimum adsorption time is about 50 hrs. As a result of uranium adsorption, the synthesized ion exchanger, which we obtained have also good affinity toward the adsorption or chelating with $UO_2^{2+}$ ions.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.160-167
• /
• 2002

We synthesized HPP-g-GMA copolymer using pre-irradiation method by E-beam and aminated HPP-g-GMA using amination reaction. Degree of grafting increased with increasing GMA monomer concentration and showed the maximum value of 130% at 1.46 M of GMA. The degree of amination increased with increasing the degree of grafting. When the degree of grafting was 100%, degree of amination showed the maximum value of 37.4%. The ion exchange capacity of aminated HPP-g-GMA was about 3.78 meq/g, and it showed remarkable adsorption ability of hollow fiber ion exchanger. Through the BET analysis, the surface area of aminated HPP-g-GMA was 54.83 $\m^2/g$ and the mean pore size was $26\AA$. These showed the decrease of surface area and the slight increase of the mean pore size. SEM results show that the thickness of fiber increased after the step of reaction and there pore blocking phenomena was not observed. The aminated HPP-g-GMA was synthesized successfully and found to be suitable for the adsorption and separation of anion.