• 에너지공학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2014

일반 가정용 보일러의 열효율을 증진시키기 위해서 콘덴싱 보일러에 부착되는 급기 예열 열교환기의 응축 열전달에 대한 실험을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 스테인리스의 표면에 대하여 에칭을 이용하여 표면 거칠기를 부과하였다. 그리고 열전달 성능 평가를 위해 대향유동 열교환기를 폴리카보네이트로 제작하였고 원판과 비교 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 에칭 처리한 모든 시편의 총괄열전달계수는 원판에 비해 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 에칭 시간이 60초인 시편에서 평균 15%까지 증가하였다. 그리고 AFM 장비를 이용하여 표면 특성에 대한 분석을 통하여 열전달 증진 요인에 대해 연구하였다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2012

The heat from PV modules should be removed for better electrical performance, and can be converted into useful thermal energy. A photovoltaic-thermal(PVT) module is a combination of PV module with a solar thermal collector which forms one device that produce thermal energy as well as electricity. In many studies various water type PVT collectors have been proposed in effort to increase their electrical and thermal efficiency. The aim of this study is to evaluate the heating performance of heating system combined with PVT collectors that on integrated building roof. For this study, the BIPVT system of 1.5kWp was installed at the experimental house, and it was incorporated with its heating system. From the experimental results, the solar fraction of the heating system with BIPVT was 15%. It was also found that was analyzed that the heating energy for the house can be reduced by 47%, as the heat gained from BIPVT system pre-heated the water used for heating system.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.472-481
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• 2017

Radiant floor heating systems have been used as common heating supply systems in most residential buildings in Korea. Since the system uses a floor as thermal storage, proper control strategy should be adopted to avoid over-or under-heating problems. So far, studies related to control of the floor heating system have been conducted based on computer simulations. The active layer in TRNSYS is known for its usability as a floor heating system model and is integrated with the TRNSYS building model (Type 56). However, floor heating system simulations with the active layer are operated only if pre-defined minimum mass flow rate is ensured. This study proposes a simple RC (Resistance-Capacitance) model for radiant floor heating systems. Model parameters such as Rs and Cs are defined by optimization. The active layer, in this study, is used as the target system to search for optimal values. A TRNOPT optimization tool was used to conduct optimization under given simulation conditions. The RC model with optimal parameters are tested in other mass flow rates that were not used during optimization. Results reveal the RC model describes the active layer with successfully optimized model parameters. The RC model has fewer model limitations, and is expected to be used for various target systems, e.g. experimental data of a real radiant heating system.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1071-1082
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to evaluate and improve the microbiological quality of HACCP application in school foodservice operations. The microbiological quality of foods and utensils were evaluated two times at each critical control point (CCP) with 3M petrifilm in five Daegu elementary schools. Two processes were evaluated: Heating process and after-heating process. The CCPs of the heating process were receiving, cooking and serving temperatures. The CCPs of the after-heating process were personal hygiene, cross contamination avoidance and serving temperature. After the first experiment, 31 employees of five schools were classroom educated, trained on-site, and pre- and post-tested on HACCP-based sanitation with the goal of improving the microbiological quality of the foodservice. Scores representing knowledge of holding, thawing, washing, food temperature, sanitizing and food-borne illness increased after education. In the heating process, internal food temperatures in the first and second experiments were higher than 74$^{\circ}C$, the holding temperature in the first experiment was less than 6$0^{\circ}C$. In the second experiment, the serving temperature improved to a satisfactory level. The microbiological quality in the second experiment improved by decreasing the time from cooking to serving. In the after-heating process, the ingredients were boiled before being cut in the first experiment. In the second experiment, ingredients were cut before being boiled, improving microbiological quality. Also in the second experiment, cooking just before serving food improved its microbiological quality through time-temperature control. These results strongly suggest it is essential to measure microbiological quality regularly and to educate employees on HACCP continuously, especially time-temperature control and cross contamination avoidance in order to improve foodservice quality.

• 공업화학
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.296-302
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• 2006

산소농도에 따른 폐폴리우레탄의 열적 산화분해에 관한 속도론적 연구를 $10{\sim}50^{\circ}C/min$ 사이의 여러 가열속도에서 비등온 질량감소 기술을 이용하여 수행하였다. 폐폴리우레탄의 열적 산화분해를 묘사하기 위하여 Arrhenius식에 근거한 미분법과 적분법을 이용하여 산소농도에 대한 영향을 고려할 수 있는 속도론 모델을 제시하였으며 활성화 에너지 및 반응차수 그리고 pre-exponential 인자와 같은 속도 상수들에 대한 정보를 얻기 위하여 본 연구에서 제시한 속도론 해석 방법을 이용하여 질량감소 곡선 및 그 미분값을 해석하였다. 본 연구로부터 산소농도에 대한 반응차수는 모두 음의 값을 나타내었으며 활성화 에너지는 산소농도가 증가함에 따라 감소함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 단일 가열속도에서의 실험값을 이용하는 적분법의 경우 가열속도에 따라 반응속도 상수의 값이 변화함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 여러 가열속도에서의 실험값을 이용하는 미분법이 폐폴리우레탄의 열적 산화분해 반응을 보다 효율적으로 나타내고 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2009

Recovered heat has been considered as a renewable energy in Europe since 2008 because its great effect on energy saving and carbon decreasing in plant process. Energy saving and decreasing green gas are critical issue today, so various technologies to save energy and decrease carbon dioxide in plant process have been applied to many industrial area. In this paper, the feasibility of condenser heat recovery by heat pump in power plant for district heating and fuel line preheating were reviewed by verifying energy (heat) balance and mass balance of power plant model. Some ways to compose proper system to recover heat of condenser are suggested and their possibilities are also reviewed. Limitations on heat recovery in power plant are also reviewed. The results are verified by calculating input/output energy based on actual performance test data of Taean Thermal Power Plant in Korea. There is noticeable improvement of plant performance in some cases which demand low temperature (<100 C) heat like distrcit heating, fuel line heating, and so forth.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2001

End-gas temperatures were measured using CARS technique in a conventional DOHC spark- ignition engine fueled with PRF80. The measured pressure data were analyzed using band pass filter method. The measured CARS temperatures were compared with adiabatic core temperatures calculated from measured pressures. Significant heating by pre-flame reaction in the end gas zone was observed in the late part of compression stroke under both knocking and non-knocking conditions. CARS temperatures measured at 10 crank angle degree before knock occurrence was higher than adiabatic core temperatures. These results indicate that there exist some exothermic reactions in low pressure and temperature region. CARS temperatures began to be higher than the adiabatic core temperature when the end-gas temperatures reached look. The temperature elevation due to the pre-flame reaction correlated better with CARS temperature than with cylinder pressure.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2000년도 제20회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.85-92
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• 2000

End-gas temperatures were measured using CARS technique in a conventional DOHC spark-ignition engine fueled with PRF80. The measured pressure data were analyzed using band pass filter method. The measured CARS temperatures were compared with adiabatic core temperatures calculated from measured pressure. Significant heating by pre-flame reaction in the end gas was observed in the late part of compression stroke under both knocking and non-knocking condition. CARS temperatures measured at 10 crank angle degree before knock occurrence was higher than adiabatic core temperatures. These results indicate that there exist some exothermic reactions in low pressure and temperature region. CARS temperatures began to be higher than the adiabatic core temperature when the end-gas temperatures reached 700 K. The temperature elevation due to the pre-flame reaction correlated better with CARS temperature than with cylinder pressure.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2013

This study was conducted to increase the amount of bio-hydrogen production from microalgae(Chlorella vulgaris) in batch reactors by thermal pre-treatment. The optimization of thermal pre-treatment was conducted using statistic experimental design of response surface methodology. Two experimental parameters of temperature and reaction time were considered. The optimization condition was founded at the coded variables of <0.52, -0.07> corresponding to the experimental of heating temperature of $95.6^{\circ}C$ and reaction time of 57.9 min, respectively. Under the optimal condition, the maximum hydrogen production was predicted to 25.3mL $H_2/g$ dry cell weight (dcw), which was 9.1 times higher value of control(2.8mL $H_2/g$ dcw).

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.467-473
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• 2014

Since the operating conditions of HVAC systems are different from those for which they are designed, on-going commissioning is required to optimize the energy consumed and the environment in the building. This study presents a methodology to analyze operational data and its applications. A predicted operation model is to be produced through a statistical data analysis using multiple regressions in SPSS. In this model, the dependent variable is the pre-cooling time, and the independent variables include the power output of the supply air inverter during pre-cooling, the supply air set temperature during pre-cooling, the indoor temperature-indoor set temperature just before pre-cooling, supply heat capacity, and the lowest outdoor air temperature during non-cooling/non-heating hours. The correlation coefficient R2 of the multiple regression model between the pre-cooling hour and the internal/external factors is of 0.612, and this could be used to provide information related to energy conservation and operating guidance.