• 한국연초학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the influences of environmental condition in storage room, moisture content and packing weight of leaf on the carbonization of processed flue-cured leaf tobacco, and find out a regression model able to pre-estimate the degree of carbonization. The influence of temperature and humidity in storage room on the carbonization was high,, while that of packing weight was relatively low, However, high moisture content and packing weight of leaf accelerated the carbonization under the high temperature and humidity condition. Thus the leaf tobacco under the condition of 4$0^{\circ}C$, 7$0^{\circ}C$ R.H. in storage room, 16% moisture content and 286 kg/box of packing weight could be carbonized within one month. The pH, total sugar content, lightness(L) and yellowness(b) of leaf were closely related to carbonization of leaf during storage. There were significant regression and yellowness of leaf. It is considered that the certification and/or pre-estimation of carbonization during storage may be possible by applying the regression equation.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2015

This paper deals with the pre-marshalling problem that the containers of container yard at container terminal are relocated in consensus sequence of loading schedule of container vessel. This problem is essential to improvement of competitive power of terminal. This problem has to relocate the all of containers in a bay with minimum number of movement. There are various algorithms such as metaheuristic as genetic algorithm and heuristic algorithm in order to find the solution of this problem. Nevertheless, there is no unique general algorithm that is suitable for various many data. And the main drawback of metaheuristic methods are not the solution finding rule but can be find the approximated solution with many random trials and by coincidence. This paper can be obtain the solution with O(m) time complexity that this problem deals with bin packing problem for m stack bins with descending order of take out ranking. For various experimental data, the proposed algorithm can be obtain the optimal solutions for all of data. And to conclude, this algorithm can be show that most simple and general algorithm with simple optimal solution finding rule.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.19-22
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• 2012

In the bin-packing problem, we deal with how to pack the items by using a minimum number of bins. In the inverse bin-packing number problem, IBPN for short, we are given a list of items and a fixed number of bins. The objective is to perturb at the minimum cost the item-size vector so that all items can be packed into the prescribed number of bins. We show that IBPN is NP-hard and provide an approximation algorithm. We also consider a variant of IBPN where the prescribed solution value should be returned by a pre-selected specific approximation algorithm.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2009년도 학술논문요약집
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• pp.471-472
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• 2009

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2004

연구목적 : 자궁경부암 환자에게 시행되는 고선량을 강내조사의 경우 선원이 병소 근처에 위치함으로써 주변의 중요 장기에 최소의 선량이 투여될 수 있도록 치료계획이 가능하다. 하지만 해부학적 위치 상 방광과 직장이 병소와 근접하여, 선량을 최소화하고자 Packing을 시행한다. 본 연구에서는 실제 Packing의 효과를 알아보고자 모의치료시 packing을 시행한 것과 packing을 제거한 후의 사진을 얻어 ICRU(International Commission on Radiation Units) 38에 report 된 방광과 직장의 point dose를 비교하였다. 대상 및 방법 : Packing 전, 후의 방광과 직장의 선량변화를 알아보기 위하여 packing을 시행한 후 AP, LAT film을 촬영하고, 또한 동일한 상태에서 packing을 제거한 후 AP, LAT film을 촬영하여 확인하고자 하는 방광과 직장의 reference point를 각각 표시하고 이를 치료계획장치(PLATO BPS v13.7)에 입력한 후 ICRU 38 report에서 권고한대로 A point에 $100\%$ 선량을 prescription하는 치료계획을 시행하였다. 하지만 rectum의 경우 ICRU에서 제시한 point가 rectum point를 정확히 대변하지 못하는 이유로 maximum point를 찾아 비교하였다. 측정한 값들을 윌콕슨의 부호검정(SAS, 통계분석처리프로그램)을 통하여 packing 효과의 유의성에 대하여 분석하였다. 결 과 : packing을 시행하지 않은 상태에서의 방광과 직장 선량은 각각 $80.1{\pm}16.8(\%),\;82.7{\pm}16.3(\%)$이었고, packing을 시행한 경우 각각 $63.0{\pm}16.3(\%),\;67.6{\pm}16.3(\%)$로, 방광선량의 경우 평균선량이 $17.2{\pm}4.0(\%)$ 감소한 것으로 나타났으며, 직장선량의 경우 평균선량이 $15.1{\pm}9.9(\%)$ 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 이를 윌콕슨의 부호검정을 통하여 분석한 결과 방광과 직장 모두 검정통계량 값이 33으로 매우 크고 p 값이 0.001로서 매우 유의한 차이를 보이고 있다. 다시 말해서 $99\%$의 유의수준에서도 모평균(packing 여부에 따른 방광과 직장선량의 평균의 차이가 정량적 수치로 나타나 packing의 효과를 알 수 있다)의 차이가 뚜렷하다고 볼 수 있다. 결 론 : 자궁경부암에 있어 강내치료는 외부치료와 더불어 반드시 시행하여야 하는 치료로 인식되어 있다. 그 이유는 주변 주요장기인 방광과 직장을 피해 원발 병소에만 방사선량을 현저히 많은 양을 부여함으로써 높은 치료효과를 볼 수 있기 때문이다. 하지만 서른에서 언급하였듯이 해부학적으로 주요장기가 너무 인접하여 있기 때문에 이들을 인위적으로 분리시키지 않으면 안된다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 packing을 사용하는데, 본 실험을 통하여 자궁경부암 강내치료시 사용하는 packing 방법의 효과가 매우 탁월함을 알 수 있었고 적극적인 packing을 통해 방사선치료시 가장 우려되는 주변의 정상조직의 부작용이 감소할 수 있도록 최선의 노력을 하여야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.44-48
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• 1988

Quality and economy in radiography can be achieved by using the right techniques and the film material available on the market. Pre-packing with or without lead, under vacuum or not, play an important role provided the right kinds of procedures are applied. The author explains some of the ways used by different N.D.T.companies to achieve the best quality in an economical way.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.612-617
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• 2012

Background Packing after closed reduction of a nasal bone fracture causes inconvenient nasal obstruction in patients. We packed the superior meatus with Vaseline gauze to support the nasal bone, and packed the middle nasal meatus with a Doyle Combo Splint consisting of an airway tube, a silastic sheet, and an expandable sponge to reduce the inconvenience. In addition, we aimed to objectively identify whether this method not only enables nasal respiration but also sufficiently supports the reduced nasal bone. Methods Nasal ventilation was measured via spirometry 1 day before surgery and compared to 1 day after surgery. To compare support of the reduced nasal bone by the 2 methods, 2 plastic surgeons assessed the displacementon X-rays taken after the surgery and after removing the packing. The extent of nasal obstruction, dry mouth, sleep disturbance, headache, and swallowing difficulty were compared with visual analog scales (VAS) on a pre-discharge survey. Results In the experimental group, the nasal respiration volume 1 day after surgery remained at $71.3%{\pm}6.84%$ on average compared to 1 day prior to surgery. Support of the reduced bone in the experimental group ($2.80{\pm}0.4$) was not significantly different from the control group ($2.88{\pm}0.33$). The VAS scores for all survey items were lower in the experimental group than in the control group, where a lower score indicated a lower level of inconvenience. Conclusions The nasal cavity packing described here maintained objective measures of nasal respiration and supported the reduced bone similar to conventional methods. Maintaining nasal respiration reduced the inconvenience to patients, which demonstrates that this packing method is useful.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2017

Cold air or ice water are used to chill poultry carcasses after slaughter. In order to compare the microbial reduction effect of two different chilling systems in poultry carcasses, Pre-and post-chilled carcass samples were tested for contamination agents such as aerobic bacteria counts, E. coli counts and Salmonella spp. counts. Water chilling system showed higher reduction ratio of bacteria than air chilling system during the three seasons. Also, aging of slaughter facility was related with bacterial contamination of pre-chilld carcasses. And additional volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) test were conducted in poultry packing meats and it increased steadily during 15 days. VBN at 8~9 days were over 13 mg% with putrid smell. Poultry packing meats by water chilling system were fresher than air chilling system during early storage time. But those decayed faster after 9 days.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.244-252
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• 1999

Intensive selection for muscle development and against fat deposition in pigs during the last 50 years has contributed to the increased incidence of porcine stress syndrome (PSS) and pale soft exudative pork (PSE). Genetics, nutrition and management, preslaughter animal handling, stunning, dehairing and carcass chilling influence the incidence and magnitude of the PSE condition. The normal incidence of PSE has been reported to range from 10 to 30%, but in some isolated instances is up to 60%. The elimination of halothane-positive pigs in breeding programs has reduced PSS and PSE. Further improvements in meat quality by terminal sire evaluation and selection can be achieved within halothane-negative populations because around 20% of the variation in meat color and water binding capacity seems to be genetically related. Pre-slaughter handling on the farm, during transit to the packing plant and at the packing plant can greatly influence the meat quality, contributing 10 to 25% of the variation. An effective stunning method, skinning instead of scalding/dehairing and rapid post-slaughter chilling further reduce the incidence of PSE pork. In addition to proper care and handling a carcass-merit based marketing system, that reflected the value differential between desirable and undesirable meat quality in the pricing system for pigs, would provide a great incentive to change pork production systems in order to improve meat quality, thus improving the image and usefulness of pork as food.

• 대한조선학회 특별논문집
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• 대한조선학회 2005년도 특별논문집
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• pp.144-150
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• 2005

The size of ship is being larger than the past in the shipping industry thanks to the increased quantity of goods transported by ship. Therefore, HHIC (Hanjin Heavy industries & Construction co., LTD) invented innovative construction method, so called 'DAM', to build a ship which is longer than the length of the HHIC's dry dock. On Erection at the sea by the application of DAM Method, Squeezing & Detachment of A/F film may occur as a result of the wave and the constriction between A/F film pre-applied on the side shell and DAM's Rubber Packing. Thus, the test for finding the minimum curing time of A/F film was performed to protect Squeezing & Detachment of A/F film on the hull. To verify the soundness of paint and to find the optimum condition during the erection period of the DAM, laboratory test was carried out under no immersion condition through the application of various coatings on the Rubber Packing. And two methods were selected from the results of laboratory test for actual MOCK-UP Test. In addition, the test for the film profile per temperature of silicone A/F coat and the film Squeezing was performed.