• Title/Summary/Keyword: Practices for Infection Prevention

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A study on the impacts of infection control education on dental hygienists' perceptions for hepatitis type B and their practices to prevent infection (감염관리교육이 서울지역 치과위생사의 B형 간염에 대한 인식 및 감염방지행위 실천에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Bo-Young;Park, Ji-Man;Park, Eun-Jin
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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    • v.52 no.4
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    • pp.287-297
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of infection control education on dental hygienists' perceptions for hepatitis B and their behaviors. Materials and methods: Study participants were chosen by random selection among dental hygienists working in Seoul, Korea. A total of 150 questionnaires were sent out for the survey from April 2013 to May 2013, of which 140-excluding incomplete responses-were used for the study. Chi-square tests and t-tests were used (SPSS 19.0), and post-hoc analysis was performed as well. The maximum significance level was 0.05. Results: Average 1.53 times infection control education was taken, but dental hygienists' perceptions for hepatitis B and their behaviors did not show statistical differences whether the education was done or not. Practices to prevent infection showed differences depending on categories, especially disinfection and sterilization were well performed by educated group. The most common reasons for not taking the education and noncompliance with infection prevention guidelines are lack of time and opportunity due to busy schedule. Conclusion: 1. The more highly educated, the greater number of patients per day, and the greater size of hospitals, the better infection control education was conducted. 2. Although hepatitis B is one of the most common chronic liver diseases in Korea, no significant correlation between perceptions of hepatitis B and infection control education was found. 3. Dental hygienists who received infection control education performed more efficient practices for protection against infections than those who did not.

Elimination of Lancet-Related Needlestick Injuries Using a Safety-Engineered Lancet: Experience in a Hospital

  • An, Hye-sun;Ko, Suhui;Bang, Ji Hwan;Park, Sang-Won
    • Infection and chemotherapy
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    • v.50 no.4
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    • pp.319-327
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    • 2018
  • Background: Lancet-related needlestick injuries (NSIs) occur steadily in clinical practices. Safety-engineered devices (SEDs) can systematically reduce NSIs. However, the use of SEDs is not active and no study to guide the implementation of SEDs was known in South Korea. The lancet-related NSIs may be eliminated to zero incidence using a SED lancet with effective sharp injury protection and reuse prevention features. Materials and Methods: We implemented a SED lancet by replacing a conventional prick lancet in a tertiary hospital in a sequential approach. A spot test of the new SED was conducted for 1 month to check the acceptability in practice and a questionnaire survey was obtained from the healthcare workers (HCWs). A pilot implementation of the SED lancet in 2 wards was made for 1 year. Based on these preliminary interventions, a hospital-wide full implementation of the SED lancet was launched. The incidence of NSIs and cost expenditure before and after the intervention were compared. Results: There were 29 cases of conventional prick lancet-related NSIs for 3 years before the full implementation of SED lancet. The proportion of prick lancet-related NSIs among yearly all kinds of NSIs during two years before the pilot study was average 11.7% (22/188). Pre-interventional baseline incidence of all kinds of NSIs was 7.01 per 100 HCW-years. After the full implementation of SED lancet, the lancet-related NSIs became zero in the 2nd year (P = 0.001). The average direct cost of 18,393 US dollars (USD) per year from device and post-exposure medical care before the intervention rose to 20,701 USD in the 2nd year of the intervention. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 210 USD per injury avoided. Conclusion: The implementation of a SED lancet could eliminate the lancet-related NSIs to zero incidence. The cost increase incurred by the use of SED lancet was tolerable.

A Scalable Distributed Worm Detection and Prevention Model using Lightweight Agent (경량화 에이전트를 이용한 확장성 있는 분산 웜 탐지 및 방지 모델)

  • Park, Yeon-Hee;Kim, Jong-Uk;Lee, Seong-Uck;Kim, Chol-Min;Tariq, Usman;Hong, Man-Pyo
    • Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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    • v.14 no.5
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    • pp.517-521
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    • 2008
  • A worm is a malware that propagates quickly from host to host without any human intervention. Need of early worm detection has changed research paradigm from signature based worm detection to the behavioral based detection. To increase effectiveness of proposed solution, in this paper we present mechanism of detection and prevention of worm in distributed fashion. Furthermore, to minimize the worm destruction; upon worm detection we propagate the possible attack aleγt to neighboring nodes in secure and organized manner. Considering worm behavior, our proposed mechanism detects worm cycles and infection chains to detect the sudden change in network performance. And our model neither needs to maintain a huge database of signatures nor needs to have too much computing power, that is why it is very light and simple. So, our proposed scheme is suitable for the ubiquitous environment. Simulation results illustrate better detection and prevention which leads to the reduction of infection rate.

Evaluation of Provider Skills in Performing Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid in the Cervical Cancer Screening Program in the Meknes-Tafilalet Region of Morocco

  • Selmouni, Farida;Sauvaget, Catherine;Zidouh, Ahmed;Plaza, Consuelo Alvarez;Muwonge, Richard;Rhazi, Karima El;Basu, Partha;Sankaranarayanan, Rengaswamy
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.17 no.9
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    • pp.4313-4318
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    • 2016
  • Background: This study documented the performance of providers of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) at primary health centers, assessing their compliance with the VIA skills checklist and determinants of non-compliance, and exploring their perceptions of VIA training sessions. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among VIA providers in the $Mekn\grave{e}s$-Tafilalet region of Morocco. Structured observation of their performance was conducted through supervisory visits and multiple focus group discussions (FGDs). Results: Performance of all the recommended steps for effective communication was observed in a low proportion of procedures (36.4%). Midwives/nurses had higher compliance than general practitioners (GPs) (p<0.001). All recommended steps for VIA examination were performed for a high proportion of procedures (82.5%). Compliance was higher among midwives/nurses than among GPs (p<0.001) and among providers in rural areas than those in urban areas (p<0.001). For pre-VIA counselling, all recommended steps were performed for only 36.8% of procedures. For post-VIA counseling, all recommended steps were performed in a high proportion (85.5% for VIA-negative and 85.1% for VIA-positive women). Midwives/nurses had higher compliance than GPs when advising VIA-positive women (p=0.009). All infection prevention practices were followed for only 14.2% of procedures, and compliance was higher among providers in rural areas than those in urban areas (p<0.001). Most FGD participants were satisfied with the content of VIA training sessions. However, they suggested periodic refresher training and supportive supervision. Conclusions: Quality assurance of a cervical cancer screening program is a key element to ensure that the providers perform VIA correctly and confidently.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of H. pylori from Dyspeptic Patients in Northwest Ethiopia: A Hospital Based Cross-sectional Study

  • Abebaw, Wubejig;Kibret, Mulugeta;Abera, Bayeh
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.11
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    • pp.4459-4463
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    • 2014
  • Background: Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and infection with H. pylori is considered essential for its development. Helicobacter pylori infects more than 50% of the world's population with higher prevalence in developing countries than developed countries. The prevalence of H. pylori varies in different societies and geographical locations. The objectives of this study were to estimate the seroprevalence and determine the risk factors of H. pylori infection in dyspeptic patents in Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 209 dyspeptic patients was carried out from February 15 to April 30, 2013. Five to ten ml venous blood was collected from each dyspeptic patient and analyzed for detection of Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin (IgG). The socio-demographic characteristic, hygienic practices, alcohol consumption, sources of drinking water and types of latrine were also obtained with a pre-tested questionnaire. Results: The overall seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori was 72.2%. There was statistically significant difference in the prevalence of H. pylori among age groups (p=0.02). Seroprevalence of H. pylori was higher in those patients who used unprotected surface water (76.4%) than those with access to piped tap water (65.9%). There was also statistically significant differences in prevalence of H. pylori with the habit of hand washing before meal (p=0.01) and alcohol consumption (p=0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of H. pylori was high in the study area and increased with age of dyspeptic patients. Alcohol consumption and the type of drinking water are risk factors that have associations with the prevalence of H. pylori. Molecular epidemiological techniques can show a true picture of H. pylori and improvement in the drinking water quality is recommended.

Dental hygiene students' knowledge, attitude in an influenza A (H1N1) (일부 치위생과 학생들의 신종인플루엔자 인식도 및 예방태도)

  • Lee, Hyang-Nim;Shim, Hyung-Sun
    • Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.301-311
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    • 2011
  • Objectives : In order to identify the awareness of influenza A (H1N1) having currently high frequency and risk as an infectious disease, to find problems and to reflect them on curriculum improvements from students before/after clinical practices. Methods : The data was collected from 279 dental hygiene students of 1st and 2nd years at G health college university from December 6th 2010 to December 10th 2010. The questionnaire were consisted of awareness of influenza A (H1N1), preventive attitude, sociodemographic characteristics. Results : 1. 1st year was 51.6%, the case having dental experience was 51.2%, in the infection control training experience 'had' was 46.6%. In the route acquiring the information, the mass media was 70.6%, in obtained information, personal hygiene was 82.1%. In the impact on human body, 'great impact' was 58.1%. In terms of the most need for response and preparedness, vaccination was the highest, 67.4%. People who experienced influenza A (H1N1) were 10.7%. 2. Awareness of influenza A (H1N1) was 0.71 points, and treatment and spreading mechanism was 0.78 points, prevention was 0.63 points, causes and definition was 0.53 points. 3. In the attitude for infection prevention of influenza A (H1N1), 'washing hands before practice' was the highest, 0.99 points and 'wear the mask only in case of contact with patient within 1~2 meters upon occurrence of no aerosol' was the lowest, 0.72 points. 4. Awareness of influenza A (H1N1) according to sociodemographic characteristics showed the significant differences upon the impacts on systemic health (p<0.05). Preventive attitude didn't show a significant difference in grade, clinical experience, experience in infection control training, acquiring rmation routes, the possibility for occurrence, impact on systemic health, the most need for prevention, experience in influenza A (H1N1) (p>0.05). 5. The significantly correlated between awareness of influenza A (H1N1) and preventive attitude(p<0.01). Conclusions : Information and preventive attitude for influenza A (H1N1) as well as systematic training programs to identify actual affecting factors and to improve the practice are needed. Also government's institutional support is needed.

Guidelines for dental clinic infection prevention during COVID-19 pandemic (코로나 바이러스 대유행에 따른 치과 의료 관리 가이드라인)

  • Kim, Jin
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Dental Administration
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2020
  • Dental settings have unique characteristics that warrant specific infection control considerations, including (1) prioritizing the most critical dental services and provide care in a way that minimizes harm to patients due to delayed care, or harm to personnel from potential exposure to persons infected with the COVID-19 disease, and (2) proactively communicate to both personnel and patients the need for them to stay at home if sick. For health care, an interim infection prevention and control recommendation (COVID-19) is recommended for patients suspected of having coronavirus or those whose status has been confirmed. SARS-CoV-2, which is the virus that causes COVID-19, is thought to be spread primarily between people who are in close contact with one another (within 6 feet) through respiratory droplets that are produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Airborne transmission from person-to-person over long distances is unlikely. However, COVID-19 is a new disease, and there remain uncertainties about its mode of spreads and the severity of illness it causes. The virus has been shown to persist in aerosols for several hours, and on some surfaces for days under laboratory conditions. COVID-19 may also be spread by people who are asymptomatic. The practice of dentistry involves the use of rotary dental and surgical instruments, such as handpieces or ultrasonic scalers, and air-water syringes. These instruments create a visible spray that can contain particle droplets of water, saliva, blood, microorganisms, and other debris. While KF 94 masks protect the mucous membranes of the mouth and nose from droplet spatter, they do not provide complete protection against the inhalation of airborne infectious agents. If the patient is afebrile (temperature <100.4°F)* and otherwise without symptoms consistent with COVID-19, then dental care may be provided using appropriate engineering and administrative controls, work practices, and infection control considerations. It is necessary to provide supplies for respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette, including alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) with 60%~95% alcohol, tissues, and no-touch receptacles for disposal, at healthcare facility entrances, waiting rooms, and patient check-ins. There is also the need to install physical barriers (e.g., glass or plastic windows) in reception areas to limit close contact between triage personnel and potentially infectious patients. Ideally, dental treatment should be provided in individual rooms whenever possible, with a spacing of at least 6 feet between the patient chairs. Further, the use of easy-to-clean floor-to-ceiling barriers will enhance the effectiveness of portable HEPA air filtration systems. Before and after all patient contact, contact with potentially infectious material, and before putting on and after removing personal protective equipment, including gloves, hand hygiene after removal is particularly important to remove any pathogens that may have been transferred to the bare hands during the removal process. ABHR with 60~95% alcohol is to be used, or hands should be washed with soap and water for at least 20 s.

Convergence research on education needs for prevention and control of infectious diseases (감염병 예방 및 관리에 대한 교육요구도 융복합 연구)

  • Kang, Kyung-hee;Park, Arma;Lim, HyoNam;Hwang, Hye-Jeong;Kim, Kwang Hwan
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.95-103
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    • 2021
  • This study was aimed to investigate the education needs for prevention and control of infectious diseases by lifecycle based on age group and to provide the fundamental data to develop the educational programs. A research was conducted with 328 adults over 19 years old for a month of February 2021 through online and mobile survey by Gallup Korea. Research contents include the general characteristics, personal hygiene practices related to infection, perceived risks related to infection, importance and level of knowledge on infectious diseases, and education needs for prevention and control of infectious diseases. For the research data analysis, PASW Statistics Ver 20.0 was used as a statistical program. Ranks from analysis upon conversion as the formula of Borich needs to sum up with importance and knowledge level showed first (Borich 3.11) with treatments for infectious diseases; second (Borich 2.15) with process in case of suspicion and diagnosis of infectious diseases; third (Borich 1.75) with transmission routes of infectious diseases; fourth (Borich 1.73) with preventive ways of infectious diseases; fifth (Borich 1.50) with diagnostic and test methods of infectious diseases; sixth (Borich 1.45) with characteristics of infectious diseases; and seventh (Borich1.38) with main symptoms of infectious diseases. It is anticipated that development of educational programs applying education needs for prevention and control of infectious diseases in this research can contribute to enhance the physical health, mental health, and psychological well-being of the subjects.

Nurses' Knowledge and Performance for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter-related Infections according to the Strength of Recommendations of Evidence based Guidelines (정맥관 감염예방 근거중심 가이드라인의 권고강도 별 간호사의 지식 및 수행정도)

  • Ryu, Se-Ang;Kim, Yun-Hee;Jang, Keum-Seong;Chung, Kyung-Hee;Choi, Ja-Yun;Yang, Jin-Ju;Park, Soon-Joo
    • Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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    • v.24 no.5
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    • pp.546-555
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the relationships between nurses' knowledge and performance for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections (ICRI) according to the strength of recommendations in evidence based guidelines (EBG). Methods: The total participants were 144 nurses working for medical surgical unit and intensive care unit. Data were collected from July 12 to July 30, 2010 and analyzed by one way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation analysis. Results: The knowledge and performance mean scores were $0.80{\pm}0.17$ and $3.04{\pm}0.31$ for peripheral venous catheter (PVC) management, and $0.83{\pm}0.17$ and $3.00{\pm}0.30$ for central venous catheter (CVC) management respectively. The items of category IA had the highest knowledge score (F=44.70, p<.001) and the items of category II had the highest performance score (F=47.09, p<.001) in PVC management, while the items of category IA had the highest knowledge (F=20.04, p<.001) and performance scores (F=18.20, p<.001) in CVC management. Knowledge and performance scores were significantly correlated in CVC management (r=.24, p=.004), but not in PVC management (r=.03, p=.753). Conclusion: EBG for the prevention of ICRI was not fully implemented in clinical settings. These findings emphasize that clinical professions need to develope strategies to enhance nursing practices with evidence based guideline.

Vulnerable Occupations to COVID-19 and Measures for Protecting Workers from Infectious Biological Hazards at Workplaces (우리나라 COVID-19 확진자 직업 분포와 노동자 보호 방안)

  • Hong, Jongwoo;Choi, Sohyeon;Park, Jeongim
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.256-269
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    • 2020
  • Objectives: Everyone has been affected in some way by the COVID-19 pandemic, while some workers face threats to their health due to their jobs as well as worries about spreading the virus to intimate family members. With these concerns in mind, this study aims to identify occupations more vulnerable to COVID-19 and suggests the necessity of providing proper control measures against the risks in a timely manner in Korea. Methods: Daily briefing reports by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) were compiled (n=120) between January 20 and May 31, 2020. A total of 11,486 confirmed cases were included, which were sorted by occasion, area, and occupation. Among them, 2,411 cases were classified with specific occasions and/or areas of infection, while only 544 cases were determined with identifiable occupations. Guidelines for biological hazard management and COVID-19 guidelines for workplaces from domestic and international bodies were enlisted and compared. Results: It is unsurprising to find that healthcare professionals are experiencing the most immediate threat from COVID-19. In addition, service workers with face-to-face practices or indirect contact are also facing high risks. Religion facilities and eating places (dining, drinking bar, café, etc.,) follow. Guidelines and manuals for biological hazards are still lacking in Korea compared to the US and EU. Workplace manuals for managing COVID-19 are neither as comprehensive as the approaches of NIOSH's hierarchy of controls nor inclusive enough for minimizing secondary or tertiary suffering. Conclusions: The COVID-19 crisis is still ongoing and there is no doubt there will be more such events in the future. This analysis suggests that occupational health professionals, amid a pandemic including COVID-19, are urged to anticipate emerging risks related to all sorts of occupations, identify vulnerable workers and working environments, and plan and take actions to protect workers' health.