• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.147-161
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• 2020

Constructive merging of "basic" systems of different behavior creates hybrid systems. In doing so, the structural elements are grouped according to the behavior in carrying the load into a geometric order that provides sufficient load and structure functionality and optimization of the material consumption. Applicable in all materializations and logical geometric forms is a transparent system suitable for the optimization of load-bearing structures. Research by individual authors gave insight into suitable system constellations from the aspect of load capacity and the approximatemethod of estimating the participation of partialstiffnesswithin the rigidity ofthe hybrid system. The obtained terms will continue to be the basisfor our own research of the influence of variable parameters on the behavior of hybrid systemsformed of glued laminated girder and cable of different geometric shapes. Previous research has shown that by applying the strut-type hybrid systems can increase the load capacity and reduce the deformability ofthe free girder.The implemented parametric analysis pointsto the basic parameterin the behavior of these systems-the rigidity ofindividual elements and the overallstiffnessofthe system.The basic idea ofpre-stressing is that, in the load system or individual load-bearing element, prior to application of the exploitation load, artificially challenge the forcesthatshould optimize the finalsystembehaviorin the overall load. Pre-stressing is possible only if the supporting system orsystem's element possesssufficientstrength orstiffness, orreaction to the imposed forces of pre-stressing. In this paper will be presented own research of the relationship of partial stiffness of strut-type hybrid systemsofdifferentgeometric forms.Conducted parametric analysisofhybridsystemswithandwithoutpre-stressing, and on the example of the glulam-steel strut-type hybrid system under realistic conditions of change in the moisture content ofthe wooden girder,resulted in accurate expressions and diagramssuitable for application in practice.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2018

The concrete bridge decks are usually precast and in-situ assembled with steel girders with post-pouring joint in the construction practice of super-wide steel-concrete composite beam. But the difference of concrete age between the precast slabs and the post-pouring joint has been not yet considered for the long-term performance analysis of this kind composite beam. A simply supported precast-assembled T-shaped beam was taken as an example to analyze the long-term performance of steel-concrete composite beam with post-pouring joint. Based on the deformation coordination conditions of the old-new concrete deck and steel girder, a theoretical model for the long-term behavior of precast-assembled composite beam is proposed in this paper according to age-adjusted effective modulus method. Then, the feasibility of the proposed model is verified by the available test data from the Gilbert's composite beams. Parametric studies were preformed to evaluate the influences of the cross-sectional area ratio of the post-pouring joint to the whole bridge deck, as well as the difference of concrete age between the precast slabs and the post-pouring joint, on the long-term performance of the composite beam. The results indicate that the traditional method without considering the age difference would seriously underestimate the effect of creep and shrinkage of concrete bridge decks. The concrete age difference between the precast slabs and the post-pouring joint should be demonstrated for the life cycle design and long-term performance analysis of precast-assembled steel-concrete composite beams.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.75-104
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• 2016

Purpose The business ecosystem perspective offers a new lens in which to view customers. Customers as the member of business ecosystems influence firms by participating in both the firm level activities and the business ecosystem level activities. For example, customers participate in the business ecosystems by forming interest groups, allowing their voice to be heard the within business ecosystems. Customers can also, turn public opinion around and foster the business ecosystems favorable to firms. On the other hand, as an extreme case of customer participation, customers can engage in community activities to boycott the purchase of products or services from certain firms or business ecosystems. Design/methodology/approach This study views content creation and feedback activities as customer participation in the firm level. On the other hand, word-of-mouth (WOM) and boycott activities are considered as customer participation in the business ecosystem level. This study presents a research model regarding the relationships among customer socialization, customer participation, and psychological ownership. The proposed model is validated through an empirical analysis on online platform business ecosystems. Findings When the two business ecosystems are compared, different results were drawn. In the Facebook ecosystem, boycott and psychological ownership did not have a significant relationship. However, in the Kakao ecosystem, the two had a significant positive relationship. The mediating effect of the business ecosystem type sheds a light on the mission, purpose, vision, and other values associated with the theory of the business on the customer-firm relationship. Further implications for theory and practice were discussed in this study.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.95-107
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• 2017

Mongolian government enacted the Foreign Trade Arbitration Law to modernize the practice of commercial arbitration. Nevertheless, the Foreign Trade Arbitration Trade Law fell short on a number of fronts and arbitration itself remained a distant second option to litigation within Mongolia. Law on Arbitration of 2003 aimed to modernize the Mongolian arbitration framework so that it would mirror the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration. At the same time, the Law on Arbitration 2003 made a conscious decision to deviate from international norms with respect to certain aspects in order to accommodate for the unique circumstances and characteristics of Mongolia. For example, unlike its UNCITRAL counterpart, the Law on Arbitration of 2003 did not include an exhaustive list of grounds for refusing the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards. In that sense, the Law on Arbitration of 2003 was a resounding success and a drastic improvement on the Foreign Trade Arbitration Law. These factors convinced the Mongolian government to once again revise its arbitration law. This process, which started in 2008 with the help of foreign law firms and institutions, ultimately culminated in the Law of Arbitration of 2017. The chief objective of the Law of Arbitration of 2017 was to more closely adhere to preexisting international norms on arbitration such as the Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration, and there is no question that Mongolia has succeeded in doing so. This article thus concludes by explaining some of the noteworthy improvements made by the 2017 revisions, and by noting that Mongolia is now equipped with a truly international legal framework for arbitration.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.94-105
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to understand what kind of effects a local residents’ participation on a local environmental problem has on the Environmental consciousness of the resident, and on the local community. I (researcher) employed qualitative research methods on the residents' environmental movement, which claimed to preserve the Sung Mi Mountain from the Seoul City Hall's plan of the water reservoir construction. I tried to understand the participation motivation and participating actions, and also the changes and effects the participation brought at both a personal, and community level. The data were gathered by means of in-depth interview with the local residents and unstructured questionnaire. At first, through the residents' environmental movement, the participants acquired a growth in environmental consciousness. For example, they obtained better understanding of the environment, change of attitude to environment, and participation function. Secondly, it is meaningful that a local tie intervened by the environment, enforced self-governing, and shows how community sentiment plays an important role for local community organization. Moreover, the environmental movement contributed to developing a ‘culture for participation’. In conclusion, participating in a local environmental problem can be an integration of learning and practice and also leads to reflective thinking about the relationship not only between human beings and nature, but also among human beings. In addition, it can buildup a systemic cooperation for local problem-solving and the ability to make an alternative culture in the community. These are the significances of the local environmental problem-participation on the environmental education.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.223-229
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• 2017

The beauty of the laryngeal mask is that it forms an air tight seal enclosing the larynx rather than plugging the pharynx, and avoid airway obstruction in the oropharynx. The goal of its development was to create an intermediate form of airway management face mask and endotracheal tube. Indication for its use includes any procedure that would normally involve the use of a face mask. The laryngeal mask airway was designed as a new concept in airway management and has been gaining a firm position in anesthetic practice. Despite wide spread use the definitive role of the laryngeal mask airway is yet to be established. In some situations, such as after failed tracheal intubation or in oral surgery its use is controversial. There are several unresolved issues, for example the effect of the laryngeal mask on regurgitation and whether or not cricoids pressure prevents placement of mask. We review the techniques of insertion, details of misplacement, and complications associated with use of the laryngeal mask. We then attempt to clarify the role of laryngeal mask in air way management during anesthesia, discussing the advantages and disadvantages as well as indications and contraindications of its use in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.21
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• pp.141-168
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• 1991

The Purpose of this study is to explore and analyse ways of enhancing the effectiveness of reference service through reference evaluation. Marketing research technique combined with pre-evaluation theory was applied in this study to find out information for practice the service based on current concept of reference service. Aims and results of this study can be summarised as follows: First, the evaluation of effectiveness of reference service should be conducted for the purpose of finding out the ways of increasing user's satisfaction. Second, the policy evaluation was understood as the appropriated evaluation concept. The policy evaluation in principle coincides with reference service in sense that the satisfaction of public should have priority and hence be the criterion of the evaluation. Third, marketing research based on recently developed 'marketing concept', which concentrates all its efforts to meet user's demand and attempt to acquire the information for better marketing management of non-profit organization such as library, is examined to find out the evaluation method practically applicable to the pre-evaluation of reference service. In this study , conjoint analysis was adopted as the method of pre-evaluation about reference service. The Reference Room of the Central Library Yonsei University, was selected as the arget sample to find out the expected condition for the maximization of the user's satisfaction from the reference service. Based on this example study, the analysis indicates as the most desirable combination for reference service in terms of the user's satisfaction is following condition: the younger librarian with aimable personality who displays willingness In his/her assistance, plus as the method of reference service, sufficient and practical introduction to the reference materials available, plus immediate and satisfactory result of the service, and finally a library equipped with inter-library use system.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.5-16
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• 1999

Nowadays the banks, with a wide spread of credit transaction practice in every business, offer better services to their customers, while the automation of banking is being made more rapid progress in th light of efficient banking service. For example, it is true that the automation of cash payment for customers goes on its progress and the competition between companies is getting more serious. Lately the banks that pursue "Banking Automation System" expand distribution of cash dispenser for the better electronic computer service and for the better service for their customers in quality. Therefore the makers producing "CD" accelerate their development of CD in various ways in order to secure MIS as the leading group of th field. CD, a kind of an automatic paying, is being used generally, and has various functions and its design is getting more compact than ever. Under this situation, I studied more trustworthy and convenient CD design suggestions in the way of case study on the basis of the process of developing CD and I suggest the better way of developing the design of CD in the future.of CD in the future.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.221-228
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• 2009

Recently severity of ecological adaptation and climatic change due to global warming grows larger. According to the fourth report of IPCC in 2007, emission quantity of the earth greenhouse gas(GHGs) generated by activity of mankind increased with 80% since 1970. And it is forecasted that worldwide greenhouse gas will be increased with 25~90%(corresponding to $CO_2$) between 2000 and 2030. This increment of greenhouse gas($CO_2$) is expected to raise average temperature of the earth with the maximum $6.4^{\circ}C$, and sea surface with 59cm in 2090. Like this, destruction of environment by greenhouse gas is regarded as universal problem threatening the existence, not only the problem of one nation. Consequently, systematic correspondence to the global warming at the aspect of energy consumption is also needed in Korea. From the analysis result of 'Statistics of Energy Consumption' published by Green Korea in 2007, energy consumption increment of domestic universities was higher as many as 3.7 times than 22.5% of the whole energy consumption increment in our country. This says to be the direct example which shows that universities are huge sources of greenhouse gas emission. New constructing and enlarging buildings of each universities within campus are the most major reason for such a large increment of energy consumption in universities. The opinion that the possibility of causing energy waste and efficiency reduction is raised by increased buildings of universities has been propounded. That is, universities should make concrete goal and the plan for reducing emission of green house gas against climatic change, and should practice. Accordingly, there is the meaning that 2 aspects of environment-friendly design characteristics, that is application of energy utilizing technology, material usage of energy efficiency-side and environment-side, and introduction of natural element in the environmental aspect, were analyzed for facilities of university campus designed in environment-friendly point of view from initial stage of plan, and direction of environment-friendly design of university facilities in the future was groped in order to grasp environment-friendly design tendency of internal and external University facilities based on this analysis of this paper.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

Background: Liu-Yuan-Lei(陸淵雷) said that a medical record is both the marks of treatments and arts made by a excellent practitioner and the essence of TCM(Traditional Chinese Medicine). Jiang-Guan(江瓘) also said that reading medical records is one of the best way to develop one’s abilities If curing a disease without perfect clinical practice. Objectives: study on the special treatment about metrostaxis(崩漏) based on the Yi-Da-Gan(易大艮)’s medical records. and study on the differentiation of abnormal symptoms and signs about cold syndrome with pesudo-heat(眞寒假熱) based on the Yu-Chang(喩昌)'s medical records. Methods: First, read and study the medical records on metrostaxis(崩漏) of that made a profound study by Yi-Da-Gan(易大艮) and cold syndrome with pesudo-heat(眞寒假熱) of that made a profound study by Yu-Chang(喩昌). The next, write a paper on results and conclusions. Results and Conclusions: First, Yi-Da-Gan(易大艮) insist that must control the Qi under the blood disease conditions, taking the case of metrostaxis(崩漏). Secondly, we must study more on estimating the changing condition of Qi and the blood as time goes by, also study on the pulse and pulse condition in the four seasons(四時脈). Thirdly, Yu-Chang(喩昌) insist that be more careful in differentiation of symptoms and signs, taking the case of cold syndrome with pesudo-heat(眞寒假熱). Fourthly, Yu-Chang(喩昌) give an example that in condition of cold syndrome with pesudo-heat(眞寒假熱), sometimes, the pulse and pulse condition can be strong.