• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.472-500
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• 1996

Researches on mineral nutrition, physiology and phyrsiological diseases, . cultivaction methods. brceding. pest control quality management and extension during 1976-1995 in Korea were reviewed Review in brceding and pest control was restricted to the researches directely related to cultivaction. Mineral nulrient up take. partion and varicos factors such as top dreasing. Light intersity etc. and interrelationship between minerals were investigated. Top dressing was not effective due to low minera1 requorement Physiological characteristics on tempelature light and water were well elucidated and applied to assess traditional cultivation method and its inovation. Photosyrnthetic pigments. light harvest proteins and activity of related enzymes were studied. In nitrogen metabolism arginine, praline, ammonium, threonine appeared to have important role in re growth of shoot Saponin metabolism was studied in relation to growth and new ginsenosides were found but physiological role of saponin was not clearly elucidated yet Endogenous growth regulators were reported and various erogenous growth regulators were studied for growth stimulation. short stem and seed pruning etc. Various physiological diseases were investigated for cause and control measures were established. Water culture was little studied Forest culture was studied but not retched the recommendable stage Drip irrigation straw mulching. seasonal shading and soil preparation method including soil fertility adjustment were established for practical application. Shading materials completely changed to polyethylene net and materials of polymers The research on ginseng cultivation in paddy field opened the way to establish the permanent ginseng cultivation plantation Ginseng harvester and seeder were developed in the late 1950s. Transplanted and many other machines were developed in the early 1990s. In ginseng breeding only pure line selection was of practical significance several verities were at the stage of seed propagation at ginseng plantations. Mutation breeding (${\gamma}$-ray. X-ray chemicals) was not successful. The research on plantlet formation through tissue culture was a little progressed but still far behind to vegetative propagation. Disease control research was concentrated in the isolation and identification of pathogans. their ecological charactelistics and biological control and soil humigation. Potato root rot nematodes was found and control method was established. Insect and small animal control research was greatly progresses in identification, ecological investigation, and ecological and physical control. Weed control was less important due to the development of mulching method of ridge and ditch. Quality factors of raw ginseng in relation to red ginseng process were extensively studied. Traditional quality measures were elucidated in accordance with modern analytical chemistry resulting in the importance of peptides in the centrat part rather than ginsenosides For large root production growth promoting rootzone micrcorganisms (PGPRM) were isolated and active compounds were identified. Field test on PGPRM was on going. Varictus methods formality improvement through cultivation were developed. Management research of ginseng production was rare Extension was active throuch official and private organizations and through workshop for the extension specialists, and direct lectures to grower's. Extension services made the researcher to understand the existing problems at grower's fields. Research environment for ginseng production was in prime time only for three years when Korea Ginseng Research Institute was established then gradually aggravated.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.229-239
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• 2016

The aim of this paper is to extend the TOPSIS(Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution) to the fuzzy environment for solving the new professor selection problem in a university. In order to achieve the goal, the rating of each candidate and the weight of each criterion are described by linguistic terms which can be expressed in trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. In this paper, a vertex method is proposed to calculate the distance between two trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. According to the concept of the TOPSIS, a closeness coefficient is defined to determine the ranking order of all candidates. This research derived; 1) 4 evaluation criteria(research results, education and research competency, personality, major suitability) for new professor selection, 2) the 5 step procedure of the proposed fuzzy TOPSIS method for the group decision, 3) priorities of 4 candidates in the new professor selection case. The results of this paper will be useful to practical expert who is interested in analyzing fuzzy data and its multi-criteria decision-making tool for personal selection problem in personal management. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications of the findings were discussed and the directions for future research were suggested.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.23-35
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• 2020

This study is based on prior research cases on workplace learning, which had a significant impact on corporate research. To improve problem solving and supplementing ability by keeping the opportunity to participate in workplace learning for the weak small business owners and to strengthen opportunities for practical growth, and to propose education, policy and institutional windowing. Therefore, to establish the relationship between small business owners' workplace learning, job satisfaction, and service quality, a research hypothesis was set in the background of prior research and empirical analysis was conducted. The results from 203 questionnaires were analyzed with SPSS 18.0 program. As an analytical result, first, workplace learning had a partial positive (+) impact on job satisfaction. Second, workplace learning had a partial positive (+) impact on service quality. Third, in the relationship between workplace learning and service quality, job satisfaction played a full mediating role. From this, it was found that formal learning, the subfactor of workplace learning did not have an impact on job satisfaction and service quality, as subtitle of educational environment including offsite training and self education, systematization, and structuralization depending on the poor environment of small enterprises. Therefore, it was found that small enterprises' poor environment was revealed from the managerial, economic and social perspectives and to compensate such defect, educational, policy, and institutional strategies to strengthen the opportunity for growth and development of small enterprises can be suggested to the governmental agencies or local governments. Despite the significant results of this study, there may be limitations. Therefore, further studies should be conducted in various fields with various samples in the future, and further studies should be conducted in academic and practical relationships that can improve the service quality and management performance.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.110-118
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• 2007

For deciding the owner's budget of the building construction in the predesign stage, the probabilistic methodologies for estimating the cost are often studied, however these parameter-based conceptual estimating methodology has limitation of applying it to the practical business because it hardly can link the design decision-making and the cost estimating and control. Besides if the result of detail estimating after detail design is over the budget, locally and arbitrarily control the level of interior design and fix the design. This research proposed the prototype-based cost estimating model for building interior construction which leads to estimate the interior cost easily linking with design decision-making and supports to evaluate the design alternatives in the schematic design and the design development stage for office buildings. The model divides the building on the design process by Element Breakdown Structure and presents the design alternative by selecting the elements of each room from the database accumulated the historical office buildings' prototypes and estimates the cost. The 2 case studies presented to validate the effectiveness of as the linking tool integrating the design and construction data and applicability to the practical design on the presented prototype-based model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.249-254
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• 2007

The main bodies of housing markets of today need to carry out a systematic and objective feasibility analysis even from the step of planning in order to succeed in a diverse and complex market environment. Therefore, it is meaningful to understand this housing market environment and propose a necessary model for the feasibility analysis of hosing business. In this vein, the aim of this study was to extract an actual and practical feasibility analysis factor and its importance for housing market, and then present and apply a feasibility analysis factor model to an on-site example, in order to verify the model's validity. For this, the investigator interviewed with and carried out a questionnaire survey of experts in housing development projects. Study findings are as follows:First, the feasibility analysis factor, derived in this study, could provide a ground to evaluate the feasibility of subject projects in the planning of development through an analysis index. Second, when feasibility is under the level of carrying out the projects, it is possible to reexamine the projects through extracting analysis factors of which points are under the standard and via a feedback process for improvable analysis factors. Therefore, the result of applying the feasibility analysis model of this study to actual housing development projects analytically shows that the model could provide a practical evaluation criterion to the person in charge of project development through an analysis index.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.476-486
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• 2002

CBD(Component Based Development) has become the best strategical method for the business application. Because CBD is a new development paradigm which makes it possible to assemble the software components for application, it copes with the rapid challenge of business process and meets the increasing requirements for productivity. Since the business process is rapidly changing, CBD technology is the promising way to solve the productivity. Especially, the repository is the most important part for the development, distribution and reuse of components. In component repository, we can store and manage the related work-products produced at each step of component development as well as component itself. In this paper, we suggested a practical approach for repository construction to support and realize the CBD process and developed the CRMS(Component Repository Management System) as implementation product of the proposed techniques. CRMS can manage a variety of component products based on component architecture, and help software developers to search a candidate component for their project and to understand a variety of information for the component. In the paper, a practical approach for component repository was suggested, and a supporting environment was constructed to make CBD to be working efficiently. We expect this work wall be valuable research for component repository and the entire supporting Component Based Development Process.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.43-53
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• 2015

More than 70 percent of the Korean territory consists of mountain area so development of mountain district is essential to urbanize continuously. Thus, technological developments for risk factors and standards and manuals must be needed to prevent mountain disaster. Risk Management Manual should be made and operated in government legislation related to national disaster, but there is still no Emergency Management Standard Manual and Emergency Response-Practical Manual to prevent mountain disaster. This study suggests the improvement plans that are legislated but not established cleary in the field of disaster in urban area. The main items are like as 1) adaptable standard and practical manual to prevent mountain disaster in urban area, 2) reinforcement between managing department and interagency vertically and horizontally in central and local government organization, 3) Personal SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) not EOP (Emergency Operation Plan), 4) considering 13 items selected by Ministry of Public Safety and Security, 5) schematization with personal action plan, 6) check list to do in the event of mountain disaster, and 7) regular practice per quarter.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.119-130
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• 1999

As Japanese economy has been well developed, the manpower problem of farmland has also become one of the largest and the most crucial issues in the overall agricultural policy of the Japanese Government. Particularly, the energetic younger generation and a core of agricultural labor force, has drastically decreased, while the weak older generation has increased. The severity of manpower shortage in agricultural sector led to create a farmer training programs which had been vigorously begun by the Yamagata Prefecture, and a center for promoting local autonomy. The major purpose of education for enhancement of status of future farmers as well as the welfare of core farmhousehold is to provide them with technical of vocational education to give training to those who want to become agricultural technicians, rural leaders of practical farmers Educational program for future and young farmers put emphasis on practical trainings which are directly applied to proper farm management. As a supporting policy for promoting future farmers' activities, Prefecture-level supports were strengthened to develop technical capability, managerial and supervisory ability, and the ability to lead organized activity so that the farm youth may operate modern farms with higher efficiency and greater specialization. Political consideration was also made to develop a rich sense of farm management as well as the adaptability necessary to introduce technical and managerial innovations. Methological measurements on how the Korean government has to do for solving the problem of agricultural manpower facing in farmland in Korea were noted.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.47-66
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of proactive behaviors in the mechanism which job crafting affects organizational effectiveness. Through this study, we tried to contribute to the following theoretical and practical aspects. First, we tried to extend the theoretical discussion by identifying the relationship between job crafting, proactive behavior, and organizational effectiveness. Second, we provide practical implications for Korean organizational members based on proven job crafting, proactive behavior, and organizational effectiveness, and contribute to creating a work environment that enhances job satisfaction and reduces turnover intention. The results of this study are as follows. First, increasing structural job resource, increasing social job resource and increasing challenging job demand, which are sub-factors of job crafting, had a positive effect on job satisfaction. Second, increasing structural job resource, increasing social job resource and increasing challenging job demand, which are sub-factors of job crafting, had a negative effect on turnover intention. Third, job crafting had a positive effect on proactive behavior. Fourth, proactive behavior mediated the relationship of increasing structural job resource, increasing social job resource, increasing challenging job demand, and job satisfaction. Fifth, proactive behavior mediated the relationship of increasing structural job resource, increasing social job resource and turnover intention. This study provides an understanding of the impact of job crafting on organizational effectiveness and is expected to contribute to future research on job crafting.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.71-78
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• 2021

The relevance of research provides the necessity to identify the basic problems in the public governance sphere and information technology relations, forasmuch as understanding such interconnections can indicate the consequences of the development and spreading information technologies. The purpose of the research is to outline the issues of applying information technologies in public governance sphere. 500 civil servants took part in the survey (Ukraine). A two-stage study was conducted in order to obtain practical results of the research. The first stage involved collecting and analyzing the responses of civil servants on the Mentimeter online platform. In the second stage, the administrator used the SWOT-analysis system. The tendencies in using information technologies have been determined as follows: the institutional support development; creation of analytical portals for ensuring public control; level of accountability, transparency, activity of civil servants; implementation of e-government projects; changing the philosophy of electronic services development. Considering the threats and risks to the public governance system in the context of applying information technologies, the following aspects generated by societal requirements have been identified, namely: creation of the digital bureaucracy system; preservation of information and digital inequality; insufficient level of knowledge and skills in the field of digital technologies, reducing the publicity of the state and municipal governance system. Weaknesses of modern public governance in the context of IT implementation have been highlighted, namely: "digitization for digitalization"; lack of necessary legal regulation; inefficiency of electronic document management (issues caused by the imperfection of the interface of reporting interactive forms, frequent changes in the composition of indicators in reporting forms, the desire of higher authorities to solve the problem of their introduction); lack of data analysis infrastructure (due to imperfections in the organization of interaction between departments and poor capacity of information resources; lack of analytical databases), lack of necessary digital competencies for civil servants. Based on the results of SWOT-analysis, the strengths have been identified as follows: (possibility of continuous communication; constant self-learning); weaknesses (age restrictions for civil servants; insufficient acquisition of knowledge); threats (system errors in the provision of services through automation); opportunities for the introduction of IT in the public governance system (broad global trends; facilitation of the document management system). The practical significance of the research lies in providing recommendations for eliminating the problems of IT implementation in the public governance sphere outlined by civil servants..