• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.98-105
• /
• 2012

Recently, most of the countries started to regulate the emission of vehicle because of the global warming. The engine scooter is also one of the factor which cause the pollution. The hybrid system of a vehicle has many advantages such as fuel saving and emission reduction. The purpose of this study is to choose optimal size of engine, motor and battery for hybrid scooter system using Dynamic programming. The dynamic programming is an effective method to find an optimal solution for the complicated nonlinear system, which contains various constraints of control variables. The power source size of hybrid scooter was chosen through the backward simulator using dynamic programming. From the analysis, we choose the optimal size of each power source. To verify the optimal size of the power source, the Forward simulation was carried out. As a result, the fuel efficiency of hybrid scooter has significantly increased in comparison with that of engine scooter.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.2307-2316
• /
• 2017

The aim of this paper is to provide an optimal design of in-wheel motor for an electric scooter (E-scooter) considering economical production. The preliminary development in-wheel motor, which has a direct-driven outer rotor type attached to the E-scooter's rear wheel without any gear, is introduced first. The objective of the optimal design of this in-wheel motor is to improve the output characteristics of the motor and to have a stator form to facilitate automatic winding. Response surface methodology was used for the optimal design and 2-dimensional finite element method was used for electro-magnetic field analysis. Experimental results showed that the designed and fabricated in-wheel motor could satisfy the required specifications in terms of speed, power, efficiency, and cogging torque.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.1008-1027
• /
• 2014

An electric scooter with a V-belt continuously variable transmission (CVT) driven by a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has a lot of nonlinear and time-varying characteristics, and accurate dynamic models are difficult to establish for linear controller designs. A PMSM servo-drive electric scooter controlled by a novel hybrid modified recurrent Legendre neural network (NN) control system is proposed to solve difficulties of linear controllers under the occurrence of nonlinear load disturbances and parameters variations. Firstly, the system structure of a V-belt CVT driven electric scooter using a PMSM servo drive is established. Secondly, the novel hybrid modified recurrent Legendre NN control system, which consists of an inspector control, a modified recurrent Legendre NN control with an adaptation law, and a recouped control with an estimation law, is proposed to improve its performance. Moreover, the on-line parameter tuning method of the modified recurrent Legendre NN is derived according to the Lyapunov stability theorem and the gradient descent method. Furthermore, two optimal learning rates for the modified recurrent Legendre NN are derived to speed up the parameter convergence. Finally, comparative studies are carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme through experimental results.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2011

This paper proposes a new design method for electric scooter which can maximize the power efficiency at the given driving condition. The proposed method is designed with the electric and mechanical parameters and driving dynamics. These values are extracted from the dynamic and mathematical equations of the scooter. For validation, numerical simulation results are presented in this paper. As a result, the scooter achieved over 80% efficiency at 360 rpm at 1.42kw load. It is clear that the proposed method was verified through a 1.42kw numerical model.

• KIEE International Transaction on Electrical Machinery and Energy Conversion Systems
• /
• v.3B no.2
• /
• pp.90-96
• /
• 2003

This paper deals with the design and the characteristic analysis of a coreless axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motor. Because a direct-drive wheel motor is easily derived from it, the AFPM motor is very suitable for application in an electric scooter. Compared to a conventional motor of the same size and weight, the AFPM motor is proven to have more power and torque per unit weight. In this paper, an AFPM coreless motor with a double-sided rotor disk equipped with Nd-Fe-B rare earth magnets is designed and a prototype of the motor is manufactured, which will be properly applied for the low-speed, and high-torque direct drive required for the electric scooter. The manufactured prototype of the motor has a rating of 300W, 510rpm, 5.6Nm, and 85% efficiency.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.1388-1392
• /
• 2013

Electric scooter has been using short-lived, low-efficiency DC motor. And motor control system is equipped with imported uniformly, so there is no product differentiation. Also, product design according to the characteristics of disability is difficult. In this study, BLDC motor control system to specialize in a electric scooter for disabled was developed with a semi-permanent features of life, low price, and high performance. This development will also contribute to the activation of the related industries, as well as be able to secure price competitiveness of domestic electric scooter.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.130-136
• /
• 2011

This paper presents the torque control algorithm of a permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) for an electric scooter. The volume of the in-wheel type motor is restricted due to the complicated mechanical structure in wheel of an electric scooter, so the hall sensors instead of resolver and encoder for the rotor position sensors are installed. In this paper, the rotor speed and position are estimated from the speed estimator for vector control of a PMSM with hall sensors. The motor starts to rotate at standstill in BLDC mode with 120 degree conduction. After start up, the operating mode is changed to the vector control with maximum torque per ampere(MTPA) operation at low speeds and flux weakening control at high speeds. The performance of the proposed control algorithm is verified through the experiment in the electric scooter.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.5 s.170
• /
• pp.189-196
• /
• 2005

The numbers of the elder are rapidly growing who wants to enhance social activities, because Korea is already an aging society since 2000. The mobility and accessibility are the key issues to enhance them. The electric motor scooter and the power wheel chair are efficient movable means at a short range. It would be needed to get on and off them if the elder wants use them after arriving a long distant destination. But the electric scooter is too heavy for a man to get on and off a coach van. The motor winch lift is developed for the elder and the handicapped to get on and off a van easily. The lift consists of 3-linkage which can be installed in a trunk of a van with a small space. The clearance and stress of each component are checked by a computer simulation. The prototype was made. and the performances of safety and comfortableness were verified by operational ability test and durability test.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
• /
• 2010.07a
• /
• pp.65-66
• /
• 2010

This paper deals with PMSM control method for electric scooter. Electric scooter's motor has special structure that is hard to attach resolver or encoder. This paper suggests a method that it is performed of vector control for PMSM using hall sensor. After driving BLDC motor in low speed typically, driving mode is changed to PMSM operation and performs MTPA and flux weakness control. Proposed method is verified through simulation and testing.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2008.10c
• /
• pp.167-169
• /
• 2008

A 1.2KW Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell(PEMFC) stack(Nexa Power Module) is installed to motor driven general scooter. The 24V, 650W BLDC motor is used for actuator and 2nd battery(24V, 4Ah) is used for stable starting of this motor. The operating information of Nexa Power Nodule is transmitted by RS-232 serial communication to notebook PC, and that data is analysed and displayed by the LabVIEW monitoring system.