• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 2023

Oil was extracted from cashew nuts. The physicochemical parameters of the oil were determined. A chromatographic assay of the oil was carried out using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Seventeen compounds were detected: Phenol, Phenol 2-methyl-, Cyclohexene 4, 4-dimethyl-, m-Fluoro-2-diazoacetophenone 4-dimethyl-, Tetradecanoic acid, Phenol 4-octyl-, n-Hexadecanoic acid. Others are 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) - methyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, Methyl stearate, Dodecanoic acid methyl ester, 9, 12, 15-Octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester, 9, 12, 15-Octadecatrienoic acid (Z, Z, Z)-, Oleic acid, Octadecanoic acid, Tetracosanoic acid and 9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester. Among the components are omega three and omega six essential free fatty acids. The rheological profiling and flow properties of cashew nut oil were determined using a Programmable Rheometer. Cashew nut oil exhibits slight dilatant behaviour at the low end of shear rate. The long chain and high molecular weight of its constituents controlled its rheology. Long-chained 9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester, 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) - methyl ester, Tetracosanoic acid and methyl stearate, coupled with their high molecular weights are responsible for the shear thickening effect observed. Two models, Carreau-Yasuda and Ostwald-de Waele Power Law were employed to fit the rheological data. The Carreau-Yasuda model followed well the data.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.55-70
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• 2013

This paper deals with the Bayesian analysis of the failure data of a repairable mechanical system subject to minimal repairs and periodic overhauls. The effect of overhauls on the reliability of the system is modeled by a proportional age reduction model and the failure process between two successive overhauls is assumed to be 2-parameter Engelhardt-Bain process (2-EBP). Power Law Process (PLP) model has a disadvantage which 2-EBP can overcome. On the basis of the observed data and of a number of suitable prior densities, point and interval estimation of model parameters, as well as quantities of relevant interest are found. Also hypothesis tests on the effectiveness of performed overhauls have been developed using Bayes factor. Sensitivity analysis of improvement parameter is carried out. Finally, a numerical application is used to illustrate the proposed method.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.508-517
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• 2000

For shift quality improvement, torque sensors are currently too expensive to be used on production vehicles. To achieve smooth acceleration shift, the reference trajectory of the clutch slip speed for accomplishing the shift process within a designated shift completion time and its relationship with the clutch actuating torque were suggested by Jeong and Lee (1999). In order to facilitate the proposed algorithm, nonlinear estimators for necessary information such as the axle shaft torque, clutch friction and turbine torque were designed using only speed sensors. Accounting for the modeling error, a control law for this indirect smooth shift was proposed based on the above mentioned suggestions. Simulation results of the proposed estimators and shift controller were presented and further considerations for practical applications are discussed.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 1982

The mixing of salicylic acid and wheat starch powders was studied using a V-type mixer. After the optimum operating conditions of the mixer were examined, the mixing characteristics relating to dilution ratio, particle size of active ingradient and addition ratio of lubricants were investigated. The coefficient of variation was expressed by a power law relating to the dilution ratio and the particle size of active ingredient. Furthermore, the comparison of results with the theoretically estimated value of mixing index suggested that the mixing of cohesive pharmacceutical powders is a complex stochastic process and cannot be explained fully by a simple theory based on a complete random mixing.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.14 no.7 s.79
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• pp.607-612
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• 2005

In this paper, warm deep drawing process with local heating and cooling technique was attempted to improve the formability of AZ31 magnesium alloy which is impossibly to form by conventional methods at room temperature by finite element method and experiment. For FE analysis, in first model with considering heat transfer, both die and blankholder were heated to 573K while the punch was kept at room temperature by cooling water. Also distribution of thickness and von Mises stress at room temperature and 498k for warm deep drawing were compared by FEM. Uniaxial tension tests at elevated temperature were done in order to obtain the temperature dependence of material constant under temperature of $293K\~573K$ and cross head velocity of $5\~500mm/min$. The phenomenological model for warm deep drawing process in this work was based on the hardening law and power law strain rate dependency. Deep drawing experiment were conducted at temperatures of room temperature, 373K, 423K, 473K, 498K, 523K, and 573K for the blank and deep drawing tools(holder and die) and at a punch speed of 10mm/min.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.344-354
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• 2015

In order to study the development of partial discharge (PD) under typical protrusion defects in gas-insulated switchgear, we applied step voltages on the defect and obtained the ${\varphi}-u$ and ${\varphi}-n$ spectrograms of ultra-high frequency (UHF) PD signals in various PD stages. Furthermore, we extracted seven kinds of features to characterize the degree of deterioration of insulation and analyzed their values, variation trends, and change rates. These characteristics were inconsistent with the development of PD. Hence, the differences of these features could describe the severity of PD. In addition, these characteristics could provide integrated characteristics regarding PD development and improve the reliability of PD severity assessment because these characteristics were extracted from different angles. To explain the variation laws of these seven kinds of parameters, we analyzed the relevant physical mechanism by considering the microphysical process of PD formation and development as well as the distortion effect generated by the space charges on the initial field. The relevant physical mechanism effectively allocated PD severity among these features for assessment, and the effectiveness and reliability of using these features to assess PD severity were proved by testing a large number of PD samples.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.459-488
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• 2004

General interest in the out-of-court dispute resolution system are mounting in Korea, and the spread of ADR(alternative dispute resolution) is the worldwide trend. In addition, it was confirmed that the resolution of disputes by ADR such as the decision based on arbitration made by the Prime Ministerial Administrative Decision Committee is no longer in exclusive possession of the civil case. The activation of ADR could lead to the smooth agreement between parties by getting away from the once-for-all mode of decision such as the dismissal of the application or the cancellation of disposal and the like in relation to administrative cases for the years. In consequence, it is anticipated that the administrative litigation that applicants have filed by not responding to the administrative decision would greatly reduce in the future. But, it would be urgent to provide for the legal ground of the ADR system through the revision of related laws to take root in our society because ADR has no legal binding power relating to the administrative case due to the absence of its legal grounds. The fundamental reason for having hesitated to introduce ADR in relation to the administrative case for the years is the protective interest of the third party as well as the public interest that would follow in case the agreement on the dispute resolution between parties brings the dispute to a termination in the domain of the public law. The disputes related to the contract based on the public law and the like that take on a judicial character as the administrative act have been settled within the province of ADR by applying the current laws such as the Civil Arbitration Law, Mediation Law, but their application to the administrative act of the administrative agency that takes on a character of the public law has been hesitated. But as discussed earlier, there are laws and regulations that has the obscure distinction between public and private laws. But there is no significant advantage in relation to the distinction between public and private laws. To supplement and cure these defects it is necessary to include the institutional arrangement for protection of the rights and benefits of the third party, for example the provision of the imposition of the binding power on the result of ADR between parties, in enacting its related law. It can be said that the right reorganization of the out-of-court dispute resolution system in relation to the administrative case corresponds with the ideology of public administration for cooperaton in the Administrative Law. It is high time to discuss within what realm the out-of-court dispute resolution system, alternative dispute resolution system, can be accepted and what binding power is imposed on its result, not whether it is entirely introduced into the administrative case. It is thought that the current Civil Mediation Law or Arbitration Law provides the possibility of applying arbitration or mediation only to the civil case, thereby opening the possibility of arbitration in the field of the intellectual property right law. For instance, the act of the state is not required in establishing the rights related to the secret of business or copyrights. Nevertheless, the disputes arising from or in connection with the intellectual property rights law is seen as the administrative case, and they are excluded from the object of arbitration or mediation, which is thought to be improper. This is not an argument for unconditionally importing ADR into the resolution of administrative cases. Most of the Korean people are aware that the administrative litigation system is of paramount importance as the legal relief for administrative cases. Seeing that there is an independent administrative decision system based on the Administrative Decision Law other than administrative litigation in relation to administrative cases, the first and foremost task is the necessity for the shift in thinking of people, followed by consideration of the plan for relief of the rights through the improvement of the administrative decision system. Then, it is necessary to formulate the plan for the formal introduction and activation of ADR. In this process, energetic efforts should be devoted to introducing diverse forms of ADR procedures such as settlement conference, case evaluation, mini-trial, summary jury trial, early neutral evaluation adopted in the US as the method of dispute resolution other than compromise, conciliation, arbitration and mediation

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.59-76
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• 2023

This study is to propose ways to improve the system for rational procedures for offshore wind power generation projects. The results of this study are summarized as follows. In order to quickly distribute and develop offshore wind power projects, the permitting period should be shortened through special laws, the government actively intervenes to support the formation and operation of privat-public councils to ensure residents' acceptance. In this way, it can be competitive in the future energy market. Above all, a special law (proposal) related to offshore wind power currently pending in the National Assembly should be passed as soon as possible. Finally, the government and local governments that manage public waters should provide active administrative support based on system improvement measures in consideration of these permits, and the project's main body should minimize damage to the marine environment and ecosystem. Through these subject-specific roles, offshore wind power generation will be able to reduce carbon emissions and help establish a sustainable energy production system.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.386-401
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• 2011

Mathematical models for various steps in coal gasification reactions were developed and applied to investigate the effects of operation parameters on dynamic behavior of gasification process. Chemical reactions considered in these models were pyrolysis, volatile combustion, water shift reaction, steam-methane reformation, and char gasification. Kinetics of heterogeneous reactions between char and gaseous agents was based on Random pore model. Momentum balance and Stokes' law were used to estimate the residence time of solid particles (char) in an up-flow reactor. The effects of operation parameters on syngas composition, reaction temperature, carbon conversion were verified. Parameters considered here for this purpose were $O_2$-to-coal mass ratio, pressure of reactor, composition of coal, diameter of char particle. On the basis of these parametric studies some quantitative parameter-response relationships were established from both dynamic and steady-state point of view. Without depending on steady state approximation, the present model can describe both transient and long-time limit behavior of the gasification system and accordingly serve as a proto-type dynamic simulator of coal gasification process. Incorporation of heat transfer through heterogenous boundaries, slag formation and steam generation is under progress and additional refinement of mathematical models to reflect the actual design of commercial gasifiers will be made in the near futureK.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.25-31
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• 2017

This study presents a methodology for simulating a unified approach that controls interaction force between tool and objective by using a synthesis method of robot interacting control law for stabilizing the transient process of motion. Root locus is used to analyze stabilization of motion deviation characteristics. Based on responses of motion deviation, contact force is derived to satisfy exponential stability and we generate control input with respect to motion trajectories and interaction force. Moreover, simulation is applied to experimental application of a Cartesian robot driven by two stepper motors, and the noise of feedback signals is considered as presence of system inaccuracies, and the unified approach of interaction force control is examined precisely.