• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.1 s.128
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• pp.53-56
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• 2002

"Jeong Dan Whan(征丹丸)" is a Chinesε patent medicine, which is used for acute and chronic indigestion, dyspepsia, vomiting in Korea. This medicine consist of 14 kinds of powdered crude drugs. For the identification of individual ingredients in such powdery mixtures, microscopic method may advantageously be used as it requires only a small amount of specimens. In this paper, the effectiveness of this method is exemplified by the identification of the ingredients in "Jeong Dan Whan" which contains 14 powder crude drug ingredients.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.95-100
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• 2005

To enhance the utilization of green garlic as food materials, the nutritional and microbiological properties of green garlic powder and bread were investigated. Proximate compositions of green garlic powder were as follows; moisture $6.99\%$, crude protein $7.62\%$, crude lipid $1.84\%$, crude ash $6.60\%$, crude fiber $9.88\%$ and carbohydrate $76.95\%$. Free sugars were composed of glucose, glucose and sucrose. The major minerals of green garlic powder were k(1,140 mg/100 g), Ca(679.05 mg/100 g), P(342.09 mg/100 g) and Na(130.42 mg/100 g). In the total and free amino acid analysis, the major amino acids were methionine, cystine, proline and glutamic acid. When various amount of freeze dried green garlic powder were added in bread, bread with $0.5\%$ green garlic powder had lower level of total bacterial count compared with the control group at ambient temperature$(30{\pm}1^{\circ}C)$. Result of sensory evaluation showed that the preference scores decreased as the green garlic powder content increased. Through the result of these experiment we can conclude that the highest quality of green garlic powder content is no more than $0.5\%$ in making bread added with green garlic powder.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.3 s.134
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• pp.197-200
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• 2003

'Chong Myung So(聰明素)' is Chinese patent medicine, which is used for nervous prostration and neuritis in Korea. This preparation consists of 18 kinds of powdered crude drugs. For the identification of individual ingredients in such powdery mixtures, microscopic method may advantageously be used as it requires only a small amount of specimens. In this study, it is demonstrated that the microscopic method is very effective for the identification of 18 crude ingredients including in 'Chong Myung So'.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.343-350
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• 2010

Cheongkukjang was prepared by addition of medicinal herb powder (from Lentinus edodes, Codonopsis lanceolata BENTH et HOOK, or Houttuynia cordata THUNB) to improve Cheongkukjang quality and functional properties. Redness and yellowness (measured using Hunter’s color values) increased with increasing amounts of medicinal herb powder, whereas lightness (the third Hunter's color value) and pH decreased. Crude protein and lipid levels of Cheongkukjang decreased with increasing amounts of added medicinal herb powder, whereas powder addition did not affect either the moisture or crude ash content of Cheongkukjang. The major organic acids of Cheongkukjang were lactic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, and citric acid, and acid levels increased as the proportion of medicinal herb powder in the Cheongkukjang preparation increased. The major amino acids of Cheongkukjang were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, arginine, and lysine and the principal fatty acids were linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, and linolenic acid. Addition of medicinal herb powder to Cheongkukjang increased both crude saponin and quercetin contents. Sensory scores of Cheongkukjang containing 2% (w/v) medicinal herb powder were optimal in terms of both quality characteristics and sensory evaluation.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2010

The seed powder of Abrus precatorius L. has traditionally been used as oral contraceptive agent by the women in some rural areas in Bangladesh. The present study aimed to examine the antifertility activity of A. precatorius seed extracts in experimental female rats. Finely ground seeds were extracted with aqueous acetone followed by successive partitioning with n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methanol (MeOH) and water. Water suspended crude seed powder, organic fractions of acetone extract and a standard contraceptive drug ($Nordette^{(R)}28$) were separately administered orally to the female rats for 30 days. n-Hexane, EtOAc and MeOH solubles at the doses of 2, 4 and 6 mg/rat/day, respectively and crude seed powder at 100 mg/rat/day exhibited 100% antifertility activity with lowest levels of serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and $17{\beta}$-estradiol. Histological study of ovary and uterus of these rats exhibited reduced number of developing follicles and increased number of atretic follicles in the ovary, and fewer uterine glands with shrunken morphology, reduced endometrial height, poor vascularity and compact stroma in uterus. However, the activities of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase and the body weight of the rats remained almost unaffected in all the seed extract treated rats compared to control. These results suggest that A. precatorius seed extracts reduced the levels of serum FSH, LH and $17{\beta}$-estradiol probably by affecting hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The reduced levels of these hormones might have affected the oestrous cycle, follicular development, and subsequently the establishment of pregnancy in treated rats.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.377-388
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• 2005

Effects of silkworm powder addition on rheological properties of dough and quality characteristics of bread were investigated. Protein content of silkworm powder was 53,98%, much higher than 12.46% of wheat powder, Crude fiber, fat, and pretense contents of silkworm powder were higher than those of wheat flour, Acid analysis revealed glutamic acid content was highest 4,046.16 mg thus, significant depreciation of breadmaking was expected due to weakened gluten structure or dough. Addition of silkworm powder(optimum at 2%) with pretense inactivated by heat treatment resulted in significant improvement of volume and bread quality, with external and internal scores close to those of the control.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.411-418
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• 1995

In order to clarify the originality of several Alisma Rhizomes, we investigated the differences of their morphological, anatomical and physiochemical characteristics. Morphological observation shows the variability of Alisma shape and quality. The diversities in morphological shapes and qualities of tuber were observed among different origins. Chinese product looked like corm shape, but korean's irregular shape. The microscopic observation of korean Alisma revealed the presence of irregular vascular bundle which was scattered transversely and longitudinaly, which was different from that of the rhizome. This facts suggest that the portion of crude drug in Alisma should be the corm rather than the rhizome. In the physicochemical differences, chinese Alisma contains larger amount of mineral elements such as K, Na and Ca than korean Alisma. On the contrary, protein contents in lyophilized powder of aqueous extracts in korean Alisma rhizome was significantly higher than chinese Alisma rhizome. The leaves and stems contained larger amount of Ca and Na than tuber, and may be used as the osmotic diuretics for chinese traditional medicine.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.337-344
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• 2007

Lentinus edodes (Shiitake mushroom) powder was added to Jeonbyeong dough in an effort to improve the quality and functional properties of the dough. The water absorption increased as the amount of L. edodes powder increased, while the time taken for gelatinization, and the valorimeter value of the final dough, both decreased. The temperature at gelatinization and the highest temperature attained during dough preparation were both similar to control values. The extensogram showed that the resistance of the dough to extension, and the maximum extensibility, both decreased with addition of L. edodes powder. The total contents of crude protein and ash increased with increasing amounts of L. edodes powder, while the dough carbohydrate levels decreased. Addition of the mushroom powder to Jeonbyeong (a kind of Korean traditional snack) decreased dough lightness, and decreased yellowness, as measured on Hunter's color scale. The hardness of Jeonbyeong was increased by adding 15% (w/v) L. edodes powder, but was decreased when 20% (w/v) L. edodes powder was used. The sensory score of Jeonbyeong containing 10% (w/v) L. edodes powder was the highest of all shack tested, in both overall quality characteristics and sensory evaluation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.437-446
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• 2022

In this study, to obtain icaritin with high pharmacological activities from icariin, which has a content ratio of over 58% in the total flavonoids of Epimedium herb, a special Epimedium flavonoid-glycosidase was produced, purified and characterized from Aspergillus sp.y848 strain. The optimal enzyme production was gained in a medium containing 5% (w/v) wheat bran extract and 0.7% (w/v) Epimedium leaf powder as the enzyme inducer, and strain culture at 30℃ for 6-7 days. The molecular weight of the enzyme was approximately 73.2 kDa; the optimal pH and temperature were 5.0 and 40℃. The enzyme Km and Vmax values for icariin were 15.63 mM and 55.56 mM/h. Moreover, the enzyme hydrolyzed the 7-O-glucosides of icariin into icariside II, and finally hydrolyzed 3-Orhamnoside of icariside II into icaritin. The enzyme also hydrolyzed 7-O-glucosides of epimedin B to sagittatoside B, and then further hydrolyzed terminal 3-O-xyloside of sagittatoside B to icarisiede II, before finally hydrolyzing 3-O-rhamnoside of icarisiede II into icaritin. The enzyme only hydrolyzed 7-O-glucoside of epimedin A or epimedin C into sagittatoside A or sagittatoside C. It is possible to prepare icaritin from the high-content icariin in Epimedium herb using this enzyme. When 2.5% icariin was reacted at 40℃ for 18-20 h by the low-cost crude enzyme, 5.04 g icaritin with 98% purity was obtained from 10 g icariin. Also, the icaritin molar yield was 92.5%. Our results showed icaritin was successfully produced via cost-effective and relatively simple methods from icariin by crude enzyme. Our results should be very useful for the development of medicines from Epimedium herb.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.768-775
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• 2005

Lentinus edodes powder was added at 1-3%(w/w) to improve functional properties of jocheong. Content of crude protein, ash, crude lipids, total mineral, free sugar and reducing sugar increased with increasing amount of L. edodes powder, while viscosity and solid and carbohydrate contents decreased. Through amino acid analysis, 17 amino acids were identified and quantified, glutamic acid being the major amino acid. No significant differences were observed in fatty acid composition and pH between control and L. edodes powder-added jocheong. Addition of mushroom powder in jocheong decreased lightness, yellowness and redness in Hunter's color value. Sensor score of jucheong containing 1% of L. edodes powder was similar to that of control. Results showed jocheong containing less than 2% L. edodes powder gave highest scores in quality characteristics and sensory evaluation.