• 제목/요약/키워드: Poultry welfare

검색결과 85건 처리시간 0.022초

육계 관련 동물복지 인증기준 비교 (Comparison of Animal Welfare Standards for Broiler)

  • 유금주;천시내;김찬호;정지연;김동훈;전중환
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.643-658
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    • 2020
  • 국내외적으로 축산분야의 동물복지가 이슈화 되면서 유럽연합(EU)을 포함한 축산 선진국들은 동물복지와 관련된 법률과 규제를 강화하고 있으며 이와 관련된 연구가 수행되고 있다. 국내에서도 축산업의 환경변화와 동물복지에 대한 사회적 인식변화로 인해 기존 인증기준의 보완 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 따라서 국내의 동물복지 축산농장인증기준의 개선 방향을 모색하는 일환으로 육계 관련 국내외 동물복지 인증기준들을 비교분석 하였다. 동물복지 인증기준은 각 국가별 혹은 인증기관별로 사육여건과 운영목적에 따라 조금씩 상이한 내용을 포함하고 있다. 동물복지에 있어 가장 중요하게 다뤄지는 사육밀도, 홰의 제공은 모든 인증기관에서 거의 유사한 반면에 사료, 물, 깔짚 및 조명 등의 기준은 서로 상이한 기준을 제시하고 있는데, 이는 국가별 사육여건을 고려한 자율적 기준 마련이 가능한 부분이라 판단된다. 따라서 국외 인증기준을 비교분석함과 동시에 국내사육여건을 고려한다면 보다 현실적인 국내 동물복지 인증기준이 마련될 것이다.

산란계 동물복지 인증 농가의 사육 및 유통 현황 조사 (A Survey on Egg Laying Performance and Distribution Status of Animal Welfare Certified Farms for Laying Hens)

  • 홍의철;강환구;박기태;전진주;김현수;김찬호;김상호
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제46권2호
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    • pp.55-63
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구는 국내 산란계 동물복지 인증 농가의 세 가지 사육시스템(무창, 개방, 평사+방사)의 현황을 조사하여, 현재 산란계 동물복지에 대한 실태 파악을 위해 수행되었다. 방문조사는 25곳의 산란계 동물복지 인증 농가를 대상으로 수행되었으며, 유통현황 조사는 10곳을 대상으로 수행되었다. 산란계 동물복지 인증 농가의 주된 품종은 하이라인 브라운 품종이었다. 개방계사의 경우, 자연농법과 판넬 사육이 동시에 이루어지고 있었으나, 판넬 계사의 비율이 58.3%로 자연농법 계사에 비해 증가된 추세였다. 모든 무창 계사는 판넬로 제작되었으며, 15,000수 이상 키우고 있었다. 방사계사의 경우, 12,000수 미만의 적은 수의 규모로 사육하고 있었다. 사육밀도는 조사 농가의 56%가 7~8수/$m^2$로 사육하고 있었다. 암수 비율을 보면, 대부분의 농가에서 보통 15:1이나 17:1이나 20:1로 바꾸는 농가도 나타났다. 1일 사료급여량은 110~170 g이며, 150 g이상 급여 농가가 조사 농가 중 32%로서 사료 허실이 심각한 것으로 나타났다. 산란생산성은 시산일령이 개방 123일, 무창 122일, 방사 120일이었으며, 사육시스템별 산란피크는 개방 91.8%, 무창 94.9%, 방사 86.5%이었다. 평균산란율은 개방 74.0%, 무창 84.6%, 방사 72.7%로 무창계사의 산란율이 가장 높은 편이었으며, 산란지수는 개방 271개, 무창 281개, 방사 239개로서 사료섭취량과 산란지수와는 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 복지인증 계란의 유통은 소비자와의 직거래나 계약 생산이 주류를 이루고 있었다. 유통 비율은 복지인증 계란이 일반 계란에 비하여 대형마트나 친환경전문판매점과 직거래 비율이 높았다. 평사란과 방사란 모두 계약 판매의 비율이 높았으며, 택배 판매농가의 비율도 높았다. 평사란은 택배를 제외하고 2017년 하반기(AI 이후)에 30원 이상 가격이 상승하였다. 방사란은 택배를 제외하고 2017년 하반기에 50원 이상 가격이 상승하였다. 택배의 경우 AI 전후 동일하게 500원을 유지하였다. 결론적으로, 본 연구의 결과는 국내 실정에 맞는 산란계 동물복지 인증 제도의 개선을 위한 기초자료로 이용될 것이다.

Advances and Future Directions in Poultry Nutrition: An Overview

  • Ravindran, Velmurugu
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제39권1호
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    • pp.53-62
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    • 2012
  • In the past, poultry nutrition has focussed on increasing the production efficiency to meet the progress achieved in the genetic potential of broilers and layers. Future directions in poultry nutrition will be driven by not only by the need to maximise biological and economic performance of birds, but also by societal issues (environment, antibiotic growth promoters, welfare, traceability and use of genetically modified ingredients). Key advances in poultry nutrition are discussed and future directions, which can be expected, are highlighted. Given the tightening supply and ever-increasing cost of raw materials, there will be more pressure to extract every unit of energy and nutrients from feed ingredients. In this context, a number of feed additives are expected to play an increasingly significant role. Feed enzymes and crystalline amino acids, in particular, will have a profound effect on future sustainability of the poultry industry. Future nutritional research need to focus on identifying the barriers to effective digestion and utilisation of nutrients and, to achieve this objective, nutritionists must combine their expertise with those of specialising in other biological sciences, including immunology, microbiology, histology and molecular biology.

복지농장과 일반농장간 마이코플라즈마 유병율 및 조류인플루엔자 저항성 비교 (Comparison of Mycoplasma Prevalence and Protection Rate of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza between Traditional Cage and Animal Welfare Systems)

  • 김덕환;김규직;송창선
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제46권4호
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    • pp.271-277
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    • 2019
  • 최근 산업동물에서도 동물복지의 관심이 높아짐에 따라 복지 사육방식을 채택한 농가의 수가 늘어나고 있다. 본 연구는 복지농장과 일반농장 간의 병원체 탐색 및 조류인플루엔자 방어율의 차이를 확인하고자 하였다. 복지농장 사육 육계와 산란계, 일반농장 사육 육계와 산란계에서 얻어진 샘플들을 이용하여 비교한 결과, 마이코플라즈마 검출에서는 사육형태간 차이를 확인할 수 없었으며, 저병원성 인플루엔자의 배출량도 초기를 제외하고는 차이를 확인할 수 없었다. 앞으로 국내에서 사육방식의 차이에 따른 지속적인 연구가 필요하다.

축산농장 동물복지의 윤리적 갈등과 딜레마 극복: 국내 산란계 농장에서의 윤리의식 수준에 따른 동물복지 관련법규 준수여부 상관관계 조사 (Overcoming Ethical Conflicts and Dilemmas in Farm Animal Welfare: Investigation of Correlation between Ethical Awareness Level and Compliance with Animal Welfare-Related Regulations in Korean Layer Farms)

  • 이본;김태식;최수원
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제50권2호
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    • pp.81-90
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    • 2023
  • 국내의 동물복지 개념의 도입은 해외 선진국에 비해 늦었으나 정부 주도에 의해 비교적 적극적인 동물복지정책들이 도입되고 있다. 그러나 축산업 현장에서 동물복지 인식이 충분치 못하기 때문에 자발적인 개선이 아닌 정부의 정책수단에 의하여 동물복지를 추진하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 산란계 농가를 중심으로 최근 5년간 도입된 동물복지 관련 정책이 현장에서 유발하는 갈등을 유형화하여 파악하기 위하여 산란 농장 운영자들의 동물복지 관련 의식수준 및 동물복지 관련 규정 준수여부를 조사하였다. 산란 농가 현장방문을 통하여 설문조사를 진행하였으며, 산란양계농장 운영자(소유자 혹은 관리 책임자)를 대상으로 53가구의 산란양계 농가를 조사하였다(2020년 산란양계농가 수 797가구 수 기준 90% 신뢰수준(Z-score: 1.65) 10.18% 허용 오차). 현장에서의 갈등을 윤리적 고려 수준에 따라 소극적, 중도적, 적극적 3가지로 유형화하였다. 또한 윤리적 고려 수준에 따라 동물복지 관련 규정 준수 여부와의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 결과적으로, 축산 현장에서의 동물복지 관련 규정 준수 여부는 축산 농장 운영자의 윤리적 고려수준의 영향을 받는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 다만 예외적으로 농장 운영자의 동물복지 의식수준이 높음에도 동물복지 관련 규정은 준수하지 못하는 갈등상황이 확인되었는데, 이는 현장에서 인지하고 있는 규정과 정책의 충돌로 인해 발생한 갈등 상황임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이처럼 정책 수단에 의해 추진되는 동물복지가 효과적일 수는 있지만, 아직은 현장에서 갈등을 유발하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

Effect of body weight at photostimulation on productive performance and welfare aspects of commercial layers

  • Fazal Raziq;Jibran Hussain;Sohail Ahmad;Muhammad Asif Hussain;Muhammad Tahir Khan;Assad Ullah;Muhammad Qumar;Fazal Wadood;Gull-e-Faran
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제37권3호
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    • pp.500-508
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    • 2024
  • Objective: Due to current selection practices for increased egg production and peak persistency, the production profile, age at maturity, and body weight criteria for commercial layers are constantly changing. Body weight and age at the time of photostimulation will thus always be the factors that need to be adequately addressed among various production systems. The current study was carried out to determine the effects of pullets' body weight (low, medium, and heavy) on their performance, welfare, physiological response, and hormonal profile. Methods: With regard to live weight, 150 16-week-old pullets were divided into three groups using a completely randomized design (CRD) and held until the 50th week. One-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the data under the CRD, and the least significant difference test was used to distinguish between treatment means. Results: In comparison to the medium and light birds, the heavy birds had higher body weight at maturity, an earlier age at maturity, and higher egg weight, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, egg yolk index, breaking strength, egg surface area, egg shape index, egg volume, and hormonal profile except corticosterone. However, the medium and light birds had lower feed consumption rates per dozen eggs and per kilogram of egg mass than the heavy birds. Light birds showed greater body weight gain, egg production, and egg specific gravity than the other categories. At 20 weeks of age, physiological response, welfare aspects, and catalase were non-significant; however, at 50 weeks of age, all these factors-aside from catalase-were extremely significant. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that layers can function at lower body weights during photostimulation; hence, dietary regimens that result in lighter pullets may be preferable. Additionally, the welfare of the birds was not compromised by the lighter weight group.

Effects of Animal Welfare-Certified Rearing Systems on the Blood Parameters and Meat Quality Characteristics of Broilers at the Farm Level in Korea

  • Jeon, Jin-Joo;Kim, Hee-Jin;Kim, Hye-Jin;Kang, Hwan-Ku;Kim, Chan-Ho;Kim, Hyun-Soo;Kang, Bo-Seok;Kim, Sang-Ho;Jang, Aera
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제42권1호
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    • pp.128-141
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    • 2022
  • Compared to the conventional farms (CF) rearing of broilers, the rearing management of animal welfare-certified farms (AF) must provide low stocking density, perch, air regulation, and feeding plant-based protein. This study aimed to compare the effects of rearing management in CF and AF on blood parameters, meat quality, and bioactive compound content in Ross 308 broiler chickens at the farm level before transportation to slaughterhouses. Blood and meat samples were obtained at 28-35-dayold chickens from three CF and three AF. In blood samples, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05), triglyceride (p<0.001), glucose (p<0.01), total protein (p<0.001), albumin (p<0.01), and white blood cell (p<0.001) levels as well as the heterophil/ lymphocyte ratio [stress index (SI), p<0.001] were lower in broilers from AF than in CF. In meat samples, shear force (p<0.001, p<0.05), and carnosine contents (p<0.001, p<0.05) in both breast and thigh meat from AF were higher than those in meat from CF. The contents of linoleic acid (p<0.001), α-linolenic acid (p<0.001), and eicosapentaenoic acid (p<0.05) were higher in the samples from AF than those from CF. This study reveals that such differences are influenced by the different rearing factors in nutrition, housing, and management practices between CF and AF. Supplementation of plant-based protein and enough space to move due to lower stocking density accounts for the large differences between them. These results can be used as preliminary data showing that the AF system reduces the SI and enhances carnosine and polyunsaturated fatty acids levels in chicken meat at the farm level before transportation.

산란계의 행동에 대한 고찰 (A Review of Laying Hens' Behavior)

  • 천시내;이준엽;최희철;전중환
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제42권2호
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    • pp.169-180
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    • 2015
  • Domestic fowl still tend to exhibit very similar behavior such as perching, nesting and dust-bathing to their ancestor, Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus gallus), even though they have been domesticated for 8,000 years. If given the opportunity, they choose high place for staying at night, a dark place for laying eggs and do dust bath in litter area. Therefore, these behaviors are considered for very important role in improving the welfare of laying hens. In EU and some countries, farmers must provide perches, nests and litter for the housing of laying hens. An understanding of behavior can lead to enhance physical health, emotional condition and welfare of laying hens. Unfortunately, there is little information on behavior of laying hens in Korea. Therefore, we researched the literature on certain behavior of laying hens.

Effects of light intensity on growth performance, blood components, carcass characteristics, and welfare of broilers

  • Hee-Jin, Kim;Jiseon, Son;Hyun-Soo, Kim;Eui-Chul, Hong;Ji-Hyuk, Kim
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제64권5호
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    • pp.985-996
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    • 2022
  • This study investigated the effects of light intensity on growth performance, blood components, eye condition, and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Three hundred and fifty-two 1-day-old male chicks were assigned to one of four treatments (four repetitions per treatment, 22 birds per repetition) and reared in a floor pen for 5 weeks. From the second week, chicks were reared under four different levels of light intensity (5, 20, 35, and 50 lx) and the lighting duration was maintained at 18-hours light : 6-hours dark (18L : 6D). The feed intake and body weight were measured weekly. At 35 days of age, 12 birds per treatment were randomly selected for blood sampling, eye measurement, and carcass analysis. There were no significant differences in body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio among treatments. Triglyceride levels in the serum were significantly higher in the 5 lx treatment, and creatinine was significantly lower in the 5 lx treatment (p < 0.05). The heterophil : lymphocyte ratios decreased significantly as light intensity increased (p < 0.05); however, other blood cell compositions were not affected by light intensity. Interleukin-6 content was significantly higher in the 5 lx treatment than in other treatments (p < 0.05), but the content of tumor necrosis factor-α was not significantly different among treatments. Serum corticosterone concentration was significantly higher at 5 lx than at 20, 35, and 50 lx (p < 0.05). The corneal diameter was the highest in 5 lx treatment (p < 0.05), and tended to increase as the light intensity decreased. Other eye parameters were not significantly different among treatments, but displayed a tendency to increase as the light intensity decreased. Carcass yield and part yields were not affected by light intensity. Meat quality parameters (pH, color, cooking loss, and water-holding capacity) did not show significant difference among the treatments. The results indicate that a light intensity of 5 lx may increase physiological stress or have a negative effect on broiler welfare, even if the performance and carcass characteristics are not affected. Therefore, a light intensity of 20 lx or above is recommended considering both the growth performance and welfare of broilers.

Protein Quality and Amino Acid Utilization in Chickens

  • Kim, Ji-Hyuk
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제42권1호
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    • pp.87-100
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    • 2015
  • It is well known that dietary protein affects the growth performance and carcass composition of poultry. Over the last several decades, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate to optimize the level of dietary protein since the protein is an important and expensive constituent in poultry feed. It is generally accepted that dietary protein should represent a balance of amino acids supporting the requirements for growth and maintenance of birds. A protein with balanced essential amino acids that matches a bird's requirement and sufficient non-essential amino acid nitrogen to enable the synthesis of all of the non-essential amino acids, is referred to as an 'ideal protein'. Feeding of excess protein or amino acids may result in an amount of nitrogen emission. Most common method to reduce nitrogen emission is using diet formulation which has lower dietary crude protein level and higher concentration of amino acid supplements. However, there are conflicting reports whether low protein diets supplemented with synthetic amino acids can obtain the growth performance equal to high protein diets. Excessive nitrogen excretion caused by amino acid imbalance also may influence the environment of poultry house due to ammonia production from uric acid. These environmental conditions may increase the incidence of skin problem or respiratory diseases of chickens. Various strategies based on comprehensive understanding should be tested to optimize nitrogen utilization and reduce nitrogen emission while maintaining the performance in poultry production.