• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.672-681
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of enzymatic digests from citrus by-products (CBPs) prepared by high speed drying (HSD). HSD needs a short time (60 min) for drying and can be used in a commercial scale. Enzymatic digests were prepared from the CBPs using 6 enzymes such as aminoglucosidase (AMG), celluclast, pectinex, termamyl, ultraflo, and viscozyme. Antioxidant activities of AMG digest from CBPs were evaluated by different in vitro models such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, alkyl, $H_2O_2$ scavenging, metal chelating, lipid peroxidation, and comet assays, and exhibited strong activities. The antioxidant compounds were detected by an high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled on-line to an 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid ($ABTS^+$) scavenging detection system, and found that hesperidin was the key compound. Therefore, the results obtained in this study suggest that HSD is an effective method to transform wet CBPs into dried form, and CBPs are potential source of natural antioxidant.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.90-98
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• 2007

The antioxidant activities of water ($H_2O$) and ethanol (EtOH) extracts from hamcho (Salicornia herbacea L.) juice and cake prepared by enzymatic treatments were evaluated by in vitro assays against DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals. Among the $H_2O$ and EtOH extracts from five different carbohydrases treated, the EtOH extract from viscozyme-treated hamcho cake had higher yield and phenolic content, and exhibited the strongest radical scavenging activity against DPPH ($IC_{50}=186.91\;{\mu}g/mL$), superoxide ($IC_{50}=87.54\;{\mu}g/mL$), and hydroxyl radicals ($IC_{50}=367.07\;{\mu}g/mL$). Antioxidant assay-guided fractionation and purification of the EtOH extract led to isolation and identification of five phenolic compounds, procatechuic, ferulic and caffeic acids, quercetin, and isorhamnetin. Most of these phenolic compounds exhibited considerable DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, and in particular, caffeic and ferulic acids had stronger superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities than the well-known antioxidant radical scavenger, (+)-catechin (p<0.05). Quercetin and isorhamnetin were the primary compounds responsible for the strong antioxidant activity in the EtOH extract of the viscozyme-treated hamcho cake. Meanwhile, these five phenolic compounds were detected in the EtOH extract of the viscozyme-treated hamcho cake at the following levels (dry base of hamcho); procatechuic acid (1.54 mg%), caffeic acid (6.87 mg%), ferulic acid (8.45 mg%), quercetin (12.63 mg%), and isorhamnetin (6.65 mg%). However, three of these phenolic compounds (procatechuic, caffeic acid, and ferulic acids) were detectable in the $H_2O$ extract of viscozyme-treated hamcho juice. These results suggest that the EtOH extract of viscozyme-treated hamcho cake may be a potential source of natural antioxidants.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.118-122
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• 2014

The ocean provide great benefits for microalgal mass cultures with maintaining stable temperature due to high specific heat, mixing by wave energy, and providing large area for large-scale microalgae cultures. In this study, we cultivated a marine green microalga, Tetraselmis sp. KCTC12432BP, using marine photobioreactors on the ocean for investigating the effect of $NaHCO_3$ concentration on the biomass productivities and evaluating the potential of ocean microalgae culture. The culture medium consist of three fold concentrated f/2-Si with 4 g/L of $NaHCO_3$, which is dissolved in natural seawater. After 11 days of cultivation, the cultures reached stationary phase at biomass concentration of 1.6 g/L. At that time, $NaHCO_3$ concentration of 0, 2, and 4 g/L were fed to the cultures. The daily productivities of 0.11, 0.19, 0.30 g/L/day were attained with feeding rate of 0, 2, and 4 g/L $NaHCO_3$, respectively. Biomass productivity of Tetraselmis sp. KCTC12432BP was a function of the $NaHCO_3$ feeding rate as expected. This research shows that the microalgae can grow with $NaHCO_3$ as carbon source in marine photobioreactors on the ocean while exploiting various benefits of ocean cultivation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1582-1586
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• 2007

Previous study (J. of Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2004, 79, 79-84) showed that bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by a bacterial strain JH232 has potential as a source for environmentally friendly ion exchange membranes. In this study, strain JH232 was investigated for phylogenetic classified and characterized for BC production. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene revealed that the strain belongs to the genus Gluconacetobacter. Maximum production of BC was observed when JH232 was cultured in CSL medium (pH 5.5) at $30^{\circ}C$ as determined by flask experiment. When batch and fed-batch cultures of JH232 were performed in the fermenter experiment to compare BC productivity of the strain, BC productivity of fed-batch culture was 1.56 times higher than that of batch culture.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1059-1063
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• 2017

Angiogenesis is an essential step in tumoral growth and metastasis and is regulated by a balance between stimulators and inhibitors. Recently, antiangiogenic target therapy has shown promise as a new type of chemotherapy. Natural products have attracted widespread attention worldwide as a useful source of novel therapeutic compounds. The balloon-flower has long been used as a traditional medicinal material and food in Asia. In this study, we investigated whether extract of balloon-flower would inhibit in vitro angiogenesis and vascular-like network formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The extract of Balloon-flower did not affect the viability of HUVECs. However, treatment with the Balloon-flower extract suppressed tube formation of HUVECs. In addition, after treatment with the Balloon-flower extract, cell migration decreased about 80%, and cell invasion was almost completely inhibited. Taken together, these results suggest that extract of Balloon-flower may have potential as an angiogenic inhibitor and that it could be developed as an anticancer agent.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1054-1063
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• 2015

Mitochondria play a crucial role in eukaryotic cells; the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which serves as an energy source for numerous critical cellular activities. However, the ETC also generates deleterious reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a natural byproduct of oxidative phosphorylation. ROS are considered the major cause of aging because they damage proteins, lipids, and DNA by oxidation. We analyzed the chronological life span, growth phenotype, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and intracellular ATP and mitochondrial superoxide levels of 33 single ETC component-deleted strains during the chronological aging process. Among the ETC mutant strains, 14 ($sdh1{\Delta}$, $sdh2{\Delta}$, $sdh4{\Delta}$, $cor1{\Delta}$, $cyt1{\Delta}$, $qcr7{\Delta}$, $qcr8{\Delta}$, $rip1{\Delta}$, $cox6{\Delta}$, $cox7{\Delta}$, $cox9{\Delta}$, $atp4{\Delta}$, $atp7{\Delta}$, and $atp17{\Delta}$) showed a significantly shorter life span. The deleted genes encode important elements of the ETC components succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), and some of the deletions lead to structural instability of the membrane-$F_1F_0$-ATP synthase due to mutations in the stator stalk (complex V). These short-lived strains generated higher superoxide levels and produced lower ATP levels without alteration of MMP. In summary, ETC mutations decreased the life span of yeast due to impaired mitochondrial efficiency.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.165-172
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• 2020

Objectives: In the past few years, herbal medicines have gained popularity over synthetic drugs because of their natural source and minimal side effects which has led to a tremendous growth of phytopharmaceuticals usage. With the development of nanotechnology, it provides alternative approaches to overcome several limitations using nano-formulations. In spite of considerable quantity of antianemic preparations with different iron forms available, currently additives are used and represented in modern pharmaceutical market. Iron deficiency anemia is a major global public health problem which particularly affects pregnant women, children and elderly persons. The situation is complicated because of disadvantages and drug side effects from existing antianemic medicines. There is a great demand for the development of new antianemic preparations. Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles, possess high potential in this field. Methods: Our study focuses on developing green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) of 10-50 nm with spherical shape where different dosages were used -1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg for exposure in Wistar albino female rats for 28 days. The toxicity was assessed using various parameters such as measurements of the rat body and organ mass, hematology, biochemical evaluation and histopathological examinations. Results: No significant differences were observed in body and organ weights. Hematological indices also indicated no significant differences whereas biochemical factors showed increase in levels of direct bilirubin and globulin of medium as well as high dose and SGPT levels were increased only in high dose. The major organs (heart, kidney and liver) showed histopathological alterations in 10 and 100 mg/kg whereas brain showed only in 100 mg/kg. Conclusion: The toxicity of IONPs was found to be more significant when the concentration was increased; however, low doses can be used for further investigation as an antianemic preparation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.251-256
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• 2011

The leaves of Hippophae rhamnoides were extracted with methanol and then further fractioned with hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water in order to investigate biological activity. Two flavonol glycosides were isolated and identified from ethyl acetate soluble fraction, which showed the strongest antioxidant activity ($RC_{50}$ = 4.33 ${\mu}g/ml$). Isolated two compounds have shown strong free radical scavenging activity. Especially, quercetin 3-O-glucoside ($RC_{50}$ = 2.60 ${\mu}g/ml$) was more active than ${\alpha}$-tocopherol ($RC_{50}$ = 4.67 ${\mu}g/ml$). Total phenol and flavonoid contents were the highest to 4.17 and 1.14 mg/ml in the ethyl acetate soluble fraction. In addition, ethyl acetate soluble fraction was shown to the strongest ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity ($IC_{50}$ = 137.88 ${\mu}g/ml$) among the fractions. The results suggest that leaves of H. rhamnoides could be a potential source of natural antioxidant.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.434-437
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• 2000

The contents and composition of alkaloids homoharringtonine, harringtonine, and cephalotaxine were determined in Korean native plumyew tree (Cephalotaxus koreana) collected from 17 different sites in Korea. The alkaloid contents of C. koreana varied with locations and plant populations from 11.8 mg/g to 195.2 mg/g of dry weight while C. koreana in southern area had higher alkaloid contents. The alkaloid compositions in C. koreana were highest with homoharringtonine (40%) and followed harringtonine (32%) and cephalotaxine (28%). Total alkaloids and homoharringtonine contents in needles were higher than those of stem by 2 fold. Alkaloid contents of C. koreana were the highest in winter, and the lowest in summer. Comparison of alkaloid contents and composition with other species of Cephalotaxus revealed that C. koreana was different to C. harringtonia, and contents of homoharringtonine were higher than other species. C. koreana could be potential source for homoharringtonine and related alkaloids.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.61-72
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• 2020

An anti-aging peptide was prepared from fish collagen hydrolysate (FCH) by ultrafiltration (MWCO; 1 kDa) and reversed-phased high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Its anti-aging properties were evaluated based on the procollagen-synthesizing and MMP-1-inhibiting activities in Hs68 cells. A potent anti-aging peptide (fraction I-I) increased collagen synthesis by 46% and also inhibited MMP-1 secretion by 77%, compared with unpurified FCH. The amino acid sequence of fraction I-I was identified to be Gly-Arg-Arg-Gly-Asn-Lys (GRRGNK; the repeating Gly-X-Y sequence in collagen), and it had a molecular mass of 686.175 Da. It revealed that the anti-aging activity of GRRGNK was mainly due to skin protective effects. These results demonstrated that fish collagen hydrolysate may be a potential source of anti-aging peptides, which could be utilized in various field, including foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.