• 펄프종이기술
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2006

Environment-friendly shock-absorbing (cushioning) materials were made using a vacuum forming method from waste wood collected from local mountains in Korea. The waste wood was pulped by thermomechanical pulping. The TMP cushions showed superior shock-absorbing properties with lower elastic moduli compared to EPS(Expanded Polystyrene) and pulp mold. Even though the TMP cushions made using at different suction times had many free voids in their inner fiber structures, their apparent densities were a little higher than EPS and much lower than pulp mold. The addition of cationic starch improved elastic modulus of the TMP cushions without increasing the apparent density, which was different from surface sizing with starch. The porosity of the TMP cushions was a little greater than EPS and much less than pulp mold. Finally, the TMP cushions have great potential to endure external impacts occurring during goods distribution.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2006

Biofiltration is a simple, effective, economically viable and the most widely used gas treatment technique for treating malodors at low concentrations and high flow rates. This paper reports the performance of two lab scale immobilized cell biofilters operated in continuous mode for hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) and ammonia ($NH_3$) removal. The removal efficiency (RE, %) and the elimination capacity (EC, $g/m^3{\cdot}hr$) profiles were monitored by subjecting the biofilters to different loading rates of $H_2S$ (0.3 to $8\;g/m^3{\cdot}hr$) and $NH_3$ (0.3 to $4.5\;g/m^3{\cdot}hr$). The removal efficiencies were greater than 99% when inlet loading rate to the biofilters were upto $6\;gH_2S/m^3{\cdot}hr$ and $4\;gNH_3/m^3{\cdot}hr$ respectively. The performance of the biofilters were also ascertained by conducting shock loading studies at a loading rate of $10\;gH_2S/m^3{\cdot}hr$ and $6\;gNH_3/m^3{\cdot}hr$. The results from this study show high removal efficiency, good recuperating potential and stability of the immobilized microbial consortia to transient shock loads.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제29권
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• pp.2.1-2.7
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• 2014

Objectives Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a highly conserved molecular chaperone important in the maturation of a broad spectrum of protein. In this study, an HSP90 gene was isolated from Asian paddle crab, Charybdis japonica, as a bio-indicator to monitor the marine ecosystem. Methods This work reports the responses of C. japonica HSP90 mRNA expression to cellular stress by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as bisphenol A (BPA) and 4-nonylphenol (NP) using real-time. reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results The deduced amino acid sequence of HSP90 from C. japonica shared a high degree of homology with their homologues in other species. In a phylogenetic analysis, C. japonica HSP90 is evolutionally related with an ortholog of the other crustacean species. The expression of HSP90 gene was almost distributed in all the examined tissues of the C. japonica crab but expression levels varied among the different body parts of the crabs. We examined HSP90 mRNA expression pattern in C. japonica crabs exposed to EDCs for various exposure times. The expression of HSP90 transcripts was significantly increased in C. japonica crabs exposed to BPA and NP at different concentrations for 12, 24, 48 and 96 hours. The mRNA expression of HSP90 gene was significantly induced in a concentration- and time-dependent manner after BPA or NP exposures for 96 hours. Conclusions Taken together, expression analysis of Asian paddle crab HSP90 gene provided useful molecular information about crab responses in stress conditions and potential ways to monitor the EDCs stressors in marine environments.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1628-1634
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• 2009

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) function as molecular chaperones that protect cells against environmental stresses. In the present study, the genes of hsp17.6 and hsp17.7, cytosolic class I sHSPs, were cloned from a tropical plant, Ageratina adenophorum. Their C-terminal domains were highly conserved with those of sHSPs from other plants, indicating the importance of the C-terminal domains for the structure and activity of sHSPs. The recombinant HSP17.6 and HSP17.7 were applied to determine their chaperone function. In vitro, HSP17.6 and HSP17.7 actively participated in the refolding of the model substrate citrate synthase (CS) and effectively prevented the thermal aggregation of CS at $45^{\circ}C$ and the irreversible inactivation of CS at $38^{\circ}C$ at stoichiometric levels. The prior presence of HSP17.7 was assumed to suppress the thermal aggregation of the model substrate CS. Therefore, this report confirms the chaperone activity of HSP17.6 and HSP17.7 and their potential as a protectant for active proteins.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.3929-3937
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• 2016

Gastric cancer (GC) is a major health problem worldwide and is one of the ten most commonly diagnosed cancers in Jordan. GC is usually diagnosed at late aggressive stages in which treatment options are limited. Recently, heat shock proteins (HSPs) were found to be overexpressed in a wide range of malignancies have been considered as promising candidate biomarkers for GC. The aim of this study was to investigate pathogenic roles of a panel of cytosolic HSPs including HSP90, HSP70, HSP60 and HSP27 in GC. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the level of expression of these proteins in archived tumor samples (N=87) representing various pathological characteristics of GC. HSP90, HSP60 and HSP27 were expressed abundantly in gastric tumors. On the other hand, HSP70 was reduced significantly and also found to be associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in tissues collected from GC patients. Furthermore, HSP27 was found to be associated with the level of differentiation. Our findings indicate a role of HSP70 as a potential prognostic biomarker, patients harboring positive HSP70 expression displaying worse disease free survival than those with negative HSP70 expression. Differential expression of HSPs may play crucial roles in the initiation and progression of GC, and could be exploited as future therapeutic targets.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.263-269
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• 2012

Korean red ginseng has shown therapeutic effects for a number of disease conditions. However, little is known about the anti-inflammatory effect of Korean red ginseng saponin fraction (RGSF) in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, in this study, we showed that RGSF containing 20(S)-protopanaxadiol type saponins inhibited nitric oxide production and attenuated the release of tumor necrotic factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6, granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor (GMCSF), and macrophage chemo-attractant protein-1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, RGSF down-regulated the mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxyginase-2, IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, GMCSF, and IL-6. Furthermore, RGSF reduced the level of TNF-${\alpha}$ in the serum and protected mice against LPS mediated endotoxic shock. In conclusion, these results indicated that ginsenosides from RGSF and their metabolites could be potential sources of therapeutic agents against inflammation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.369-373
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• 2003

In spite of potential benefits of anther culture, low productivity of plant regeneration in some genotypes; e.g. tonsil and indica rice, is one of the major obstacles for practical use of anther culture. This study was conducted to improve cold shock method and carbohydrate source for increasing the efficiency of anther culture in rice. The most common carbon source, sucrose was replaced to maltose, which has two molecules of glucose. Maltose increased callus induction 1.4-to 1.8-fold higher in japonica rice, 3.2-to 11.6-fold in tongil types and 2.7-fold in indica rice IR50. Callus induction was increased from 0.2％ to 12.5％ in maltose medium compared to the medium supplemented with sucrose plus glucose in indica rice "Tetep". A simple procedure of vacuum packaging of panicles during cold shock treatment prolonged not only anther viability more than 15 days but also increased callus induction more than 2-fold compared to open-air storage (conventional method). Combining of above two methods, callus induction was increased 28 to 56％ in japonica, 13 to 33％ in tonsil type and 12 to 31％ in indica rice. Plant regeneration was increased 14 to 35％ in japonica, 10 to 20％ in tonsil and 4 to 15％ in indica rice, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.979-987
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• 2011

Culture pH change has some important roles in signal transduction and secondary metabolism. We have already reported that acidic pH shock enhanced actinorhodin production in Streptomyces coelicolor. Among many potential governing factors on pH variation, the putative $Na^+/H^+$ antiporter (sha) genes in S. coelicolor have been investigated in this study to elucidate the association of the sha on pH variation and secondary metabolism. Through the transcriptional analysis and overexpression experiments on 8 sha genes, we observed that most of the sha expressions were promoted by pH shock, and in the opposite way the pH changes and actinorhodin production were enhanced by the overexpression of each sha. We also confirmed that sha8 especially has a main role in maintaining cell viability and pH homeostasis through $Na^+$ extrusion, in salt effect experiment under the alkaline medium condition by deleting sha8. Moreover, this gene was observed to have a function of pH recovery after pH variation such as the pH shock, being able to cause the sporulation. However, actinorhodin production was not induced by the only pH recovery. The sha8 gene could confer on the host cell the ability to recover pH to the neutral level after pH variation like a pH drop. Sporulation was closely associated with this pH recovery caused by the action of sha8, whereas actinorhodin production was not due to such pH variation patterns alone.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2013

본 실험에서는 청과물의 포장 완충재로 사용되고 있는 골판지의 압축 및 충격특성을 이용하여 완충곡선(peak acceleration - static stress curve)을 구현하기 위한 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 알 수 있듯이 한 개의 동적계수로도 완충곡선을 구현할 수 있음을 알 수가 있었으며, 기존의 완충곡선의 구현시 정적응력 범위 내에서의 실험횟수를 현저하게 줄일 수 있음을 알 수가 있었다. 또한, 골판지 완충재료 외에 플라스틱 발포체 완충재료에도 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.33.1-33.17
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• 2022

Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is a deadly infectious disease that affects several fish species. It has been found that the NNV utilizes grouper heat shock cognate protein 70 (GHSC70) to enter the host cell. Thus, blocking the virus entry by targeting the responsible protein can protect the fishes from disease. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the inhibitory potentiality of 70 compounds of Azadirachta indica (Neem plant) which has been reported to show potential antiviral activity against various pathogens, but activity against the NNV has not yet been reported. The binding affinity of 70 compounds was calculated against the GHSC70 with the docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approaches. Both the docking and MD methods predict 4 (PubChem CID: 14492795, 10134, 5280863, and 11119228) inhibitory compounds that bind strongly with the GHSC70 protein with a binding affinity of -9.7, -9.5, -9.1, and -9.0 kcal/mol, respectively. Also, the ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties of the compounds confirmed the drug-likeness properties. As a result of the investigation, it may be inferred that Neem plant compounds may act as significant inhibitors of viral entry into the host cell. More in-vitro testing is needed to establish their effectiveness.