• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.406-414
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• 1996

This study was undertaken to evaluate estimated and analyzed contents of sodium and potassium in the salt-restricted diet using "Food exchange sheet fro control of protein, sodium and potassium" for renal disease patients. Average food intake per day in the salt-restricted diet was 2, 241.2$\pm$68.4g, and water content of meals per day was 2, 082.7$\pm$144.3g including 297.7$\pm$91.1g of metabolic water from protein, fat and carbohydrate. Fried food showed higher weight change than that of the other kinds of food during cooking. Estimated and analyzed content of sodium were 656.4$\pm$273.2mg, 675.7$\pm$195.3mg, respectively ; those of potassium were 2, 198.3$\pm$37.3mg, 2, 142.3$\pm$162.4mg, respectively. Fried squid showed the lowest content of analyzed sodium and potassium compared with the estimated contents. The highest content of sodium was honeyed juice with apple, whereas the highest content of potassium was Mulkimchi. There was also no significant differences between analyzed and estimated content of sodium, as in case of potassium(p<0.05). Side dish and main dish made great contribution to sodium contents and the side dish and dessert were major source for potassium.potassium.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.127-136
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• 1974

The effect of potassium metabolism on the soybean leaves was studied with comparison of other elements during the successive growing period. The results were as follows; 1. The percentage of potassium content showed remarkable increase not only in the first compound leaf at a stage which was growing vigorously and producing new leaves, but also in the fifth compound leaf at a stage which was taking a active metabolism of nitrogen and carbohydrate but not producing new leaves. However, the percentage of potassium content was decreased in the second compound leaf than in the first one. Such a result could be regarded as a potassium removal from mature leaves into immature and flowing out from stoma through respiration. During the pod-development the percentage of potassium content in the soybean leaf was decreased. 2. If nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were added excessively in the nutrient solution, the percentage of potassium content in the soybean leaf had increased. The effects of these elements showed a remakable increase in the excessive plot of nitrogen than in that of phosphorus. At early stage the redtarded effect of phosphorus on the growth of soybean could be covered by potassium, however, at late stage it could not. The growth of soybean plant was much more inhibited by potassium, compared with nitrogen and phosphorus. New leaves could not be produced in the potassium deficient soybean plant after the third compound leaf. The normal growth of soybean plant could not be observed if only one element was excessively added to the culture solution, compared with the deficiency of other two elements.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 1980

This study was designed to find out the mineral content in Korean foods. The data will be used as a fundamental guide in planning sodium and potassium restricted diet in Korea. The study is part 6 sodium and potassium content in meat, eggs and fish. The previous study is s follows: part1 and part 5 on vegetables and fruit, part 2 on cereals, part 3, on milk and soft drinks and part 4 on orange juice and nectars. part 6 includes 10 beef cuts, 5 retail items of pork, 4 parts of chicken, 2 kinds of eggs and 15 individual kinds of fish were collected from the market and analyzed for the content of sodium and potassium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The following tables 1-5 show the result.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 1982

Potassium deficiency symptoms were studied with flue-cured tobacco which was applied with different levels of compound fertilizer (10-15-20) ; 75kg, 100hg, and 125kg/10a. Ratio of N/$K_2O$ in leaves was increased from bottom to top stalk position due to the increase of nitrogen content in leaves. Nitrogen content in leaves was increased from stalk to tip as wall as from midrib to laminae, but vice versa in potassium content. Consequently, resulting in potassium deficiency symptoms in tip of leaves. Rate of reabsorption by rainfall during the latter part of growth was highest at top stalk position in case of nitrogen, but lowest in potassium. This observation was more evident with higher application rate of fertilizer. Nitrogen content of about 4 % in leaves of top stalk position applied with 125kg/10a was maintained up to 85days after trans planting. No increase in potassium in upper leaves was observed over the level of 100kg/10a fertilizer application. As the result, N/$K_2O$ ratio in leaves of top stalk position applied with 125kg/10a was kept at more than 1.0 up to 85days after transplanting, but it was less than 0.9 at 65days after tracts planting with less than 100kg/10a fertilizer application.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 1986

The effect of orally administered ginseng ethanol extract on potassium deficient and normal rat skeletal muscles was investigated in terms of Ca uptake by sarcoplastic reticulum fragments. The ginseng ethanol extract (100mg/kg/day) was administered orally to Sprague-Dawley rats for 21 days and their changes of body weights, $K^+$ content in skeletal muscles, and calcium uptake capacity of sarcoplamic reticulurn of each groups were measured. The growth rate of rats fed with the potassium deficient diet was significantly decreased compared to that of normal rats. Ginseng components did not show any effect on the decreased growth rate of the postassium deficient rats. Potassium content in skeletal muscle from potassium deficient rats was significantly reduced compared to that of normal rats. Ginseng components showed the tendency to prevent the reduction in potassium content of potassium deficient rats, but differences were not statistically significant. Calcium uptake of SR prepared from skeletal muscles of potassium deficient rats was increased significantly compared to that of normal rats. Ginseng components prevented such increase of calcium uptake by 30%. In summary, it can be concluded that ginseng may prevent the increase in Cauptake of SR obtained from potassium deficient rats.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.131-135
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• 2004

Oral supplementation with potassium permanganate (30, 50 and 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$) to fifth instar larvae of the ${CSR_2}{\times}{CSR_4}$ race of the silkworm, B. mori resulted in a significant increase in the glycogen content of the fat body and haemolymph trehalose. The protein content of the fat body is also significantly increased in all the potassium permanganate treated groups where as that of the haemolymph is significantly increased only in the 30 ${\mu}g4 fed group. The total lipids content of the fat body increased significantly in all the potassium permanganate treated groups. This indicates that the potassium permanganate may stimulate metabolic activity, there by influencing the biochemical contents in the fat body and haemolymph of the silkworm, B. mori.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 1995

Deliveries of tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide in mainstream smoke decreased with increment of exogenous potassium content of tobacco. Potassium malate was more effective than potassium nitrate, potassium carbonate, potassium citrate and potassium oxalate for the reduction of carbon monoxide, but potassium nitrate was more effective than potassium palate, potassium carbonat, potassium citrate and potassium oxalate for the reduction of carbon in the case of nicotine. Puff count and burning rate were slightly changed with added potassium salts.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1985

In the present studies, the effects of dietary high-potassium and high-urea on the metabolism of magnesium, calcium and potassium were checked as an aid to clarify the pathogenesis of hypomagnesaemia(so-called grass tetany) in ruminant. A total of 5 Korean native female goats kept in metabolic cage were received high-potassium(Mg: 0.25%, Ca: 0.94%, K: 5.41%), high-urea(Mg: 0.25%, Ca: 0.94%, K: 0.72%) or control(Mg: 0.25%, Ca: 0.94, K: 0.72%) ration for 15 or 21 days. Daily intakes, fecal and urinary excretions and serum concentrations of magnesium, calcium and potassium were measured with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results obtained were summarized as follows: In high-potassium group, absorption, urinary excretion and serum concentration of magnesium were significantly (p<0.01, p<0.01 and p<0.05 respectively) decreased compared with the control group. On the other hand, the body retention was significantly (p<0.01) increased. However, no clinical symptom of hypomagnesaemic tetany was observable throughout the experimental period. No significant effects on the metabolism and seurm content of calcium were detected in the high-potassium group. In the high-potassium group, significant increase in absorption (p<0.01), urinary excretion (p<0.05) and body retention (p<0.01) of potassium were recognized. However, no significant difference in the concentration of serum was observable between the two groups. In high-urea group, no significant difference in the metabolism of magnesium and potassium or in the serum content were recognized compared with the control group. In high-urea group, tthe absorption, urinary excretion, body retention and serum content of calcium were decreased compared with the control group.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.143-162
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• 1972

Based on the concentration of $^{40}K$ naturally occurring radioisotope of potassium, a method for the determination of total potassium in soils and plants was developed. The method was extended to evaluate the potassium supplying power of soils by taking the ratio of exchangeable potassium to total potassium $(K_{ex}/K_t)$, termed the potassium buffering capacity. Using this as index, it was observed that the release of potassium from soil fellows the from order reaction. A linear relationship was found between the potassium buffering capacity and the release constant of potassium or mica content of the clay. Similarly the potassium buffering capacity was also closely correlated with total uptake of potassium by rice plant. Hence it is concluded that the method for determining of the potassium buffering capacity could be veil applied to characterize the potassium availability of soils. The method for the determination of potassium is characterized by (1) The efficient measurement of the weak beta activity emissions from the samples, (2) identification of $^{40}K$, (3) calculation of total potassium content using the proportional constant of $^{40}K$ of samples to that of the standard. Difference in the potassium supplying power of soils due to soil types was also evaluated with the use of this technique. The degree of the potassium supplying power was in the order of soil types as red-yellow podzolic and lateric soils, basaltic materials(Rvd)> low-humic gley and alluvial soils, alluvial plains and food plains(Apa)> low-humic gley soils, nearly level to sloping local alluvial plains and slopes(Afb)> low-humic gley and alluvial soils, fluvio-marine plains (Fma).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.107-115
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• 2002

This study was carried out to compare artificial soil formulated by blending calcined clay and coconut peat with perlite, then to evaluate this soil as a perlite substitute for use as an artificial planting medium. To achieve this, a determination of the physico-chemical properties and it's effect on plant growth were conducted by comparing those with large perlite grains and small grains. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The bulk density was 0.41g/㎤. This density was lower than that of field soil, but higher than that of large perlite grain(0.23g/㎤) and small grain(0.25g/㎤). The porosity, field capacity, and saturated hydraulic conductivity were 71.3%, 49.2%, and 3.8$\times$10-2cm/s, respectively. The air-permeability, water holding capacity, and drainage were better than or equal to that both large and small perlite grain. 2) It was near-neutral in reaction(pH=6.6). It had a high organic carbon content(65.8g/kg) and a low available phosphoric acid content(84.7mg/kg). It was similar to crop soil in cation exchange capacity(11.4cmol/kg). It had a low exchangeable calcium content(0.71cmol/kg), a low exchangeable magnesium content(0.68cmol/kg), a high exchangeable potassium content(2.54cmol/kg), and a high exchangeable sodium content(1.12cmol/kg). Except for the exchangeable potassium and sodium content, the chemical properties were better than or equal to both large and small grain perlite. The excessive exchangeable potassium or sodium content will inhibit plant growth. 3) In Experiment 1, the plant growth tended to be higher compared to that of large and small perlite gains. But in Experiment 2, it tended to be lower. This might be linked to the excessive exchangeable potassium or sodium content. 4) It could be considered as a renewable perlite substitute for greening of artificial soil. But, it would be necessary to leach the excessive exchangeable potassium or sodium to avoid the risk of inhibiting plant growth.