• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.2431-2434
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• 2007

Potassium L-aspartate has been used as a catalyst for the cyanosilylation of carbonyl compounds producing corresponding cyanohydrin trimethylsilyl ethers in excellent yield of up to 98%. Although the catalyst is chiral, the enantioselectivities observed are generally poor except for one case, α-naphthaldehyde, 89% ee.

• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.204-209
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• 1995

The pH dependence of kinetic parameters in the amination direction of the aspartase from Hafnia alvei has been determined. The V/K for fumarate is bell shaped with pK values of 6.4 and 8.7. The maximum velocity for fumarate is also bell shaped with pK values of 7.2 and 9.1. The pH dependence of 1/K, for potassium (competitive inhibitor of ammonia) decreases at low pH with pK 7.6. Together with data [Yoon and Cook (1994) Korean J. Biochem. 27, 1-5] on the deamination direction of the aspartase, these results are consistent with two enzyme groups which are necessary for catalysis. An enzymatic group that must be deprotonated has been identified. Another enzyme group must be protonated for substrate binding. Both the general base and general acid group are in a protonation state opposite that in which they started when aspartate was bound. A proton is abstracted from C-3 of the monoanionic form of L-aspartate by an enzyme general base with, a pK of 6.3~6.6 in the absence and presence of $Mg^{2+}$ Ammonia is then expelled with the assistance of a general acid group giving $NH_{4+}$ as the product.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.155-159
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• 2017

Korean goral (Neamorhedus caudatus) is registered as a natural monument number 217 by South Korea Cultural Heritage Administration. It is also recognized as the endangered species I by Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). In this study, blood samples of Korean goral were collected to make reference intervals. Blood sampling was conducted on 19 numbers of Korean gorals (ten females, nine males), which were reared in Korean Goral Restoration Center. For total samples, the reference intervals of hematological parameters were: white blood cell $7.69{\sim}10.87K/{\mu}{\Lambda}$; hematocrit 36.73~46.18%; red blood cell $10.72{\sim}12.86K/{\mu}{\Lambda}$; hemoglobin 12.79~15.14 g/dL; mean corpuscular volume 33.15~36.75 fL; mean corpuscular hemoglobin 11.53~12.23 pg; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 32.64-35.91 g/dL and red blood cell distribution width 39.2~43.46%. For total samples of each parameters, the following results were obtained for serum biochemistry: glucose 111.81~153.77 mg/dL; blood urea nitrogen 22.35~28.91 mg/dL; creatine 1.22~1.84 mg/dL; phosphate 4.57~6 mg/dL; calcium 8.7~9.1 mg/dL; total protein 6.53~6.92 g/dL; albumin 3.1~3.48 g/dL; globulin 3.26~3.62 g/dL; alanine aminotransferase 56.7~158.56 U/L; aspartate aminotransferase 230.35~473.06 U/L; alkaline phosphatase 178.06~332.47 U/L; gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 131.6-~181.24 U/L; total bilirubin 1.47~2.12 mg/dL; cholesterol 46.48~71.52 mg/dL; amylase 16.3~26.03 U/L; sodium 150.43~153.88 mmol/L; potassium 3.98~4.6 mmol/L and chlorine 109.48~113.26 mmol/L. The ranges of values were similar campared to previous studies except in the case of RDW value, which showed higher range than the RDW value of a previous study. The reference intervals from this study will be useful data for treatment and management of gorals.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.7 s.80
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• pp.1123-1126
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• 2006

The nutritional composition of Fomitopsis pinicola (F. pinicola) fruiting body has been analyzed for medicinal and edible uses. The contents of crude fibers, carbohydrates, crude protein, moisture, crude fats and ashes were 43.3%, 26.3%, 12.8%, 12.6%, 3.3% and 1.7%, respectively. Eighteen amino acids were found in F. pinicola. Among total amino acids, glutamate content was the highest (457 mg/100 g dry mushroom) and arginine, glycine, valine, aspartate and isoleucine were followed. Concerning free amino acids, glutamine, arginine, trytophan, and glutamate were dominant. The vitamin E content was the highest (276 mg/100 g dry mushroom), then vitamin H and vitamin B, were followed. The mineral contents were as follows: K 165.06 mg, P77.57 mg, Mg 46.11 mg, Fe 21.56 mg, and Ca 16.90 mg based on 100 g dry mushroom.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.15.1-15.8
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• 2019

Corexit 9500 is a dispersant commercially available in Nigeria that is used to change the inherent chemical and physical properties of oil, thereby changing the oil's transport and fate with potential effects on the environment. The aim of this study was to assess the biochemical (enzymes and electrolyte) toxicity of Corexit 9500 dispersant on the gills, liver and kidney of juveniles of Clarias gariepinus after exposure for 21 days. One hundred sixty fish were used without gender consideration. Range-finding tests were conducted over a 96-h period after acclimatisation of the test organisms in the laboratory. The test organisms (10/treatment) were exposed to Corexit 9500 in the following concentrations-0.00, 0.0125, 0.025 and 0.05 ml/l in triplicate. Twenty-one days later, fish was dissected. 0.5 g from each of the following organs-gills, liver and kidney tissues-was removed, homogenised and tested for enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP)], urea, creatinine and electrolytes (sodium ($Na^+$), potassium ($K^+$), chloride ($Cl^-$), bicarbonate ($HCO_3{^-}$)) following standard methods. In the gills, SOD and ALT to AST ratio were significantly lower than in control while the creatinine was significantly higher in the toxicant. In the kidney, creatinine was significantly higher in fish exposed to the toxicant. In the liver, ALP increased in the toxicant while urea was decreased. The mean electrolyte concentrations ($Na^+$, $K^+$, $Cl^-$ and $HCO_3{^-}$) increased significantly in the concentration of the toxicant (P < 0.05). The alterations observed in the activities of these electrolytes and enzymes indicated that Corexit 9500 interfered with transamination and metabolic functions of the fish.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.27-37
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• 2021

Objectives : In the current study, we performed the 13-week repeated oral dose toxicity test and a 4-week recovery test of standardized Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. and Psoralea corylifolia L. 30 % ethanol extract (SCP) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats owing to aims for verifying no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). Methods : The animal study was performed according to OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals section 4 health effects test No.408 repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study in rodents (03 October 2008). In the repeated dose toxicity study, SCP was orally administered to female and male rats at dose levels of 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 mg/kg/day for 13-week. The control group and high dose (4,000 mg/kg/day) group were then monitored for 4 extra weeks to determine recovery time after the study period. 1) Results : Compared with the control group, there were no treatment-related adverse effects in clinical signs, body weight, hematology, serum biochemistry (Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, Alkaline phosphatase, 𝛾-Glutamyl transpeptidase, Blood urea nitrogen, Creatinine, Glucose, Total cholesterol, Total protein, Creatine phosphokinase, Albumin, Total bilirubin, Triglyceride, Inorganic phosphorus, Albumin/Globulin ratio, Calcium ion, Sodium ion, Potassium ion, Chloride ion), necropsy findings and organ weight (Ovary, Adrenal gland, Pituitary, Thymus, Prostate, Testis, Epididymis, Spleen, Kidney, Heart, Lung, Brain, Liver) at any dose tested. Conclusions : Taken together, these results suggest that the NOAEL of SCP in both genders was considered as over 4,000 mg/kg. Results from this study provide scientific evidence for the safety of SCP.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 1995

This study was performed to obtain the basic data on the serum components of several marine fish species commonly cultured in Korea. Blood samples taken from five species of fish were analyzed for various components of serum, total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHOL), glucose (GLC), sodium (Na). Potassium (K), chloride (Cl), Phosphorus (P), lipase (LIPA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The fish used were coho salmon(Oncorhynchus kisutch), rock fish (Sebastes schlegeli), sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus), olive flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus) and parrot fish (Oplegnathus fasciatuss) reared at the Chungmu Experimental Fish Culture Satation of KORDI. TP concentration of warm-water species (2.9-5.1 g/dl) was higher than that of cold-water species, and ALB concentration was ranged at the level of 1.2-1.9 g/dl. Coho salmon showed the highest ration of A/G(1.1), and the other species were about 0.5-0.6. The concentrations of TG and CHOL, components of lipids, varied with the different species. The concentration of TG was high, but CHOL concentration was low in olive flounder, while the reversed results were shown by sea bass. The sum of these two components was the highest with 600mg/d1 in olive flounder, and about 400mg/d1 for sea bass and rock fish, and 300mg/d1 for parrot lish and coho salmon. Concentration ot GLC in coho salmon and rock fish ranged from 61 to 76mg/d1 which were about lour times higher than that of flounder. The highest lipase activity was observed in coho salmon, while it was nearly nil in flounder. The reversed tendency was found for TG concentration. Mineral concentrations of Na, Cl and K were 160-204 mmol/l, 137-183mmo1/1 and 0.5-3.1 mmol/l, respectively, but no significant difference between the species was observed. However, the concentrations of P were high in relatively active species such as coho salmon and rockfish. AST activity in all species examined was higher than that of ALT with being highest in coho salmon. The highest ALT activity was found in olive flounder.