• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2020

Background: Prolonged sitting at work can lead to adverse health outcomes. The health risk of office workers is an increasing concern for the society and industry, with prolonged sitting work becoming more prevalent. Objective: This study aimed to explore the variation in muscle activities during prolonged sitting work and found out when and how to take a break to mitigate the risk of muscle symptoms. Methods: A preliminary survey was conducted to find out the prevalence of muscle discomfort in sedentary work. Firstly, a 2-h sedentary computer work was designed based on the preliminary study to investigate the variation in muscle activities. Twenty-four participants took part in the electromyography (EMG) measurement study. The EMG variations in the trapezius muscle and latissimus dorsi were investigated. Then the intervention time was determined based on the EMG measurement study. Secondly, 48 participants were divided into six groups to compare the effectiveness of every break type (passive break, active break of changing their posture, and stand and stretch their body with 5 or 10 mins). Finally, data consisting of EMG amplitudes and spectra and subjective assessment of discomfort were analyzed. Results: In the EMG experiment, results from the joint analysis of the spectral and amplitude method showed muscle fatigue after about 40 mins of sedentary work. In the intervention experiment, the results showed that standing and stretching for 5 mins was the most effective break type, and this type of break could keep the muscles' state at a recovery level for about 30-45 mins. Conclusions: This study offers the possibility of being applied to office workers and provides preliminary data support and theoretical exploration for a follow-up early muscle fatigue detection system.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activities in the frontal plane and scapular plane of the middle fiber and lower fiber of the trapezius muscle at different shoulder abduction angles. Methods: Twenty male and female students in their 20s participated in this study. Each subject maintained shoulder abduction at $75^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $125^{\circ}$, and $160^{\circ}$ in a standing position and repeated motions three times each in the frontal plane and the scapular plane. While maintaining the motions for 10 seconds in each posture, surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure muscle activity of the middle fiber and lower fiber of the trapezius muscle. The collected EMG data were normalized using maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Differences in muscle activity of the middle fiber and lower fiber of the trapezius muscles according to the angles at each plane were statistically processed using repeated measured analysis of variance, and an independent t-test was used to examine the differences between the two planes at each angle. Results: Muscle activity of the middle and lower trapezius during shoulder abduction in the frontal plane and scapular plane significantly increased as the angles increased (p<.05). However, muscle activity of the middle trapezius was significantly lower in the scapular plane than in the frontal plane for all shoulder abduction angles (p<.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that during shoulder abduction, angles should be different according to the goals, and for training during an acute phase or early phase for functional recovery, it is more efficient to perform the training in the scapular plane than in the frontal plane.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.291-296
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• 2011

돼지에서 medetomidine-ketamine (MK) 합제에 대한 마취효과와 이 합제에 대한 atipamezole (MKA) 과 yohimbine (MKY)의 길항효과를 비교하였다. 24 마리 Landrace - Yorkshire 혼혈 종 돼지를 사용하였다. Medetomidineketamine 는 한 주사기로 근육주사 하였고 atipamezole 과 yohimbine 은 마취 후 20 분에 정맥 주사 하였다. 평균마취시간, 평균흉와시간, 평균기립시간 및 평균보행시간은 MKA와 MKY군에서 MK군보다 유의적으로 짧았다. 그러나 MKA군과 MKY군간의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 평균혈압은 MKA와 MKY군에서 MK군보다 유의적으로 낮았다. 결론적으로 Medetomidine-ketamine 에 의한 마취 및 혈압 상승 효과는 atipamezole과 yohimbine 에 의해 안전하고 빠르게 길항되었다. 따라서 atipamezole과 yohimbine은 돼지에서 Medetomidine-ketamine 마취를 길항하는 데 안전하고 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.68-78
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• 2000

Objective : This research was performed to investigate protective effects of Sophora subprostrata, against ischemic brain damage after a middle cerebral artery(MCA) occlusion. The effect was estimated using histological test, neurobehavioural test, and biochemical test. Methods : Rats(Sprague-Dawley) were divided into four groups: Sham operated group, MCA occluded group, Sophora subprostrata administrated group after MCA occlusion, and Normal group. The MCA was occluded by intraluminal method. Sophora subprostrata was administrated orally twice(l and 4 hours) after middle cerebral artery occlusion. The neurobeavioural test was performed at 3 hours, 6 hours, 9 hours and 24 hours after the surgery by posture reflex test and swimming behavioural test. All groups were sacrificed at 24 hours after the surgery. The brain tissue was stained with 2% triphenyl tetrazolium chioride(TTC) or 1 % cresyl violet solution, to examine effect of Sophora subprostrata on ischemic brain tissue. The blood samples were obtained from the heart of rats. Tumor necrosis factor-a level was measured from sera using Enzyme-Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay(ELISA). Results : The results showed that (1) Sophora subprostrata reduced infarct size and total infarct volume by 54.8% compared to the control group, (2) that neuronal death, which was shown by decrease in cell number and size, was attenuated significantly in the boundary area of the infarction, (3) that serum $TNF-{\alpha}$ㆍlevel was reduced significantly, and finally, there was significant recovery of motor deficit at 3 hours after MCA occluded by Swimming behavioural test. Conclusions :In conclusion, Sophora subprostrata has protective effects against ischemic brain damage at the early stage of ischemia.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2017

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of structured cryotherapy on edema of patients who had a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: The subjects were 58 patients who were diagnosed with osteoarthritis and had total knee arthroplasty in D hospital. In total, 29 people were in the leg elevation cryotherapy group (LECTG), 29 people were in the control group (CTG). After TKA, the patients' swelling on post operation days (POD) 3 were checked. After the post OP checking, LECTG was treated with cryotherapy with leg elevation for 12 days but CTG was cryo therapy with sit on chair. Results: Swelling show significant difference within the group (p<.05), but did not show signigicant difference between groups (p>.05). Conclusions: Base on the results, it was found the cryo therapy of $-78^{\circ}C$ improved swelling after TKA. Accordingly, it is thought that cryo therapy of $-78^{\circ}C$ has positive effect on swelling in the process of recovery after operation. but It did not approve that the leg elevation was even more effective. For this study, the reserch developed to enhance the effectiveness of the cryotherapy, would make it possible to apply to an effective cryotherapy posture.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.112-122
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of using socks combined with EMS on ankle pain reduction and ankle function improvement in home training participants. In this study, the conductive fabric was combined using socks that can properly compress the ankle. First, VAS was measured during EMS training after fatigue was induced and compared with fatigue during rest. It was confirmed that the level of VAS after EMS training was lower than after rest and fatigue. It was also confirmed that EMS training, which combines EMS with socks, was effective in reducing pain. The experimental action is a measurement action of WBLT and lying posture, and the situation before and after EMS training was compared by performing 30 minutes on the treadmill to cause delayed muscle pain during exercise. As a result of this study, it was found that pain reduction and ROM function were improved when electrical stimulation was performed using EMS socks. It was also confirmed that the application of electrical stimulation to EMS socks effected on ankle fatigue and function improvement. From the study results, it is expected that wearing socks equipped with EMS significantly reduces ankle injuries and improves functional recovery for home training participants.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2020

본 연구는 다양한 좌석 높이에서 일어서기 훈련이 뇌졸중환자의 균형에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 연구를 실시하였다. 연구의 대상자는 뇌졸중환자 20명이며 무작위로 표준좌석 높이 그룹 10명과 낮아지는 좌석높이그룹 10명으로 분류하여 2019년 3월에서 6월까지 주 3회 6주간 훈련을 실시하였다. 정적균형과 동적균형을 측정하였으며 그룹 내 훈련 전·후의 변화를 검증을 위하여 대응표본 t-검정을 실시하고, 그룹 간 훈련 전·후 변화의 차이를 검증하기 위하여 독립표본 t-검정을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 그룹 내 훈련 전·후의 변화는 정적균형 및 동적 균형 모두 유의한 변화를 보였으나(p<.05), 그룹 간 훈련 전·후 변화량의 차이는 눈 감은 상태의 선자세 정적균형만 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>.05). 본 연구의 훈련이 뇌졸중 환자의 균형에 유의한 효과가 있음을 확인하였으며 특히, 훈련 시 좌석의 높이를 점진적으로 낮추어 제공하는 것이 뇌졸중 환자의 균형회복을 위한 새로운 치료방법으로 임상에서 활용되어 재활의 다양한 방향성을 제시되었음으로 사료된다. 그리고 연구 결과의 일반화를 위해 추후 연구는 많은 대상자에게 훈련의 적용이 필요하며 좌석 높이의 무작위 조성과 같은 다양한 훈련방법에 관한 연구들이 필요할 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.106-119
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• 1988

For the relief of pain in 3 cases of whiplash syndromes (case I, II and IV) and in one of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (case III), we have carried out six intentional. total spinal blocks (TSB) which attempted two times in case I, three in case II and one in carte III whoso various symptoms were chronically unresponsive to the usual conservative treatments, and a time of cervical epidural and right suprascapular nerve block in case W whose acute symptom lasted 4 drys following the cervical injury (see fables from 1 to 9). During the 753, we have observed clinically the sequential charges of respiration, lid and pupil reflexes, body motion and consciousness. And checked the blood pressure, pulse rate and arterial Pco2. The effectiveness of those blocks has been assessed by using the Visual Analog Scale which is designed to measure the patient$\acute{s}$ subjective intensity of pain and also we have found out the sequelae following those blocks. The methods of the blocks were as the following: 1. Under the N.P.O. for 8~10 hours, the preparations of immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation and premedication with atropine 0.5mg at thirty minutes before the TSB, it was performed by injecting the mixture of 2% mepivacaine 10 or 15ml and normal saline 10 or 5ml through No. 23 G. spinal needle into the subarachnoid space of $C_7-T_1$ interspinous region with fully flexed neck on the lateral posture. Immediately after the injection of the local anesthetic in the lateral position, the patient$\acute{s}$ were hasten to change Trendelenburg$\acute{s}$ position in order to act the drugs cephalad and to make easy controlled respiration with oxygen. 2. The cervical epidural block was done by injecting the mixture of 0.5% bupivacaine 4ml, normal saline 4ml and triamcinolone 15mg through No. 18 G. Tuohy needle into the epidural space on the same region and posture as the above without premedication.7he suprascapular nerve block was done by injecting of 0.5% bupivacaine 3ml only into the right suprascapular fossa on the sitting posture. The results were as the following: 1. The cessation of respiration was seen within 5 minutes following the subarachnoidal injection of the above 20ml mixture in 2 to 3 minutes and then soon the consciousness began to disappear. The loss of Lid and pupil reflexes noted between 5 to 10 minutes and the size of the dilated pupils was equal between 5 to 20 minutes, but the pupil of the dependent side on tile lateral position was dilated 1 to 3 minutes earlier than that of the independent. The patients had r=ever responded to any stimulations during the TSB except their heart funtion. 2. The recovery of the TSB was as the following, firstly the ankle and lower limb of the independent side began to move slightly with in 34 to 75 minutes after the injection and then that of the dependent Secondly the neck and upper limb moved 6 to 15 minutes later than the lower limb. Thirdly the self respiration began to appear between 40 to 80 minutes from the block. The lid and pupil reacted to touch and light respectively between 40 to 80 minutes but the pupil of the independent side responded earlier than that of the depends. Lastly the consciousness recovered completely between 80 to 125 minutes from the block. 3. In the cardiopulmonary function during the TSB, the blood pressure were stable except the 210/130 tory at the and block of case I. There were bradycardias between 65 to 85 minutes in case I and II but no arrythmia on the EKG. The level of the arterial Pco2 was maintained to 43~45 torr during the TSB. 4. The effectiveness of the above blocks was no pain(0%) in case IV, and light (10~20%) in case I and II but no improvement in case III. 5. The right arm weakness has been complicated as to be Injected accidently the "COLD" local anesthetic at the End block of case I.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

뇌경색, 뇌 신경장애 및 뇌졸중환자 중 급성기 환자는 의식이 없어 연하기능장애로 인한 흡인성 폐렴을 유발하기 때문에 비위관(nasogastric tube)을 삽입하고 영양공급을 한다. 재활훈련 후 회복기에 침상선별검사를 시행하지만 임상적 검사를 통해서는 무증상흡인은 발견할 수 없다. 그래서 연하장애로 비위관을 삽입한 연하재활치료 중인 환자 10명을 대상으로 VFSS를 시행하여 식이재료에 따른 삼킴 정도, 자세에 따른 삼킴을 재활의학과전문의가 평가 후, 흡인이 있거나 삼킴 곤란 등이 있으면 연하재활치료를 시행하여 환자의 상태에 따라 약 30일~50일후에 재평가를 시행한 후 흡인이 없을 시 비위관을 제거 하였다. 이때 VFSS 영상을 기능적 연하곤란척도를 이용, 분석하여 부여된 점수를 통계 산출 하였는데 비위관 유지군은 $49.79{\pm}9.431$을 보여 흡인의 위험을 나타내며, 비위관 제거군은 $11.20{\pm}1.932$로 흡인의 위험성이 낮아 비위관 제거관련 의미 있게 낮은 점수를 보였다. 두 군의 유의성을 평가하기 위해 Mann-Whitney test를 시행한 결과 p<0.001로 통계적으로 유의하다고 평가하였다. 결론적으로 VFSS는 구강, 인두, 식도의 구조적 이상과 움직임을 가장 효과적으로 평가, 기도흡인여부를 즉시 확인 및 환자에게 적합한 식이나 연하자세를 결정할 수 있어 비위관 제거를 위한 연하평가에 가장 확실한 표준검사로 제안할 수 있다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.203-213
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• 1985

요꼬가와흡충을 개에 감염시키고 장점 막에서 분리한 초기 발육단계의 충체가 특이한 자세를 취하고 있음을 관찰하여 이를 보고하고자 한다. 은어에서 분리한 요꼬가와흡충 피낭유충을 개 8마리에 각각 10,000개씩 경구감염시키고, 감염 후 3일, 9일, 4주 및 10주에 2마리씩 도살하였다. 105포르말린으로 고정한 장점 막에서 분리 수집한 요꼬가와흡충의 자세를 광학 및 주사현미경으로 관찰하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 충체회수율은 감염 3일에 42.6%, 9일에 55.0%, 4주에 33.2%, 및 10주에 8.9%로 감염이 경과할수록 감소하였다. 2. 감염후 3일된 개의 소장 점막의 조직절편에서 미성숙 충체가 융모사이에 위치하거나 장은와에 침입함을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이때 장은와 상부에 침입한 충체절편중에는 하부로 향한 충체 전반부가 2분지된 모양으로 절편이 발견되는 경우가 있었다. 3. 고정한 소장 조직에서 장점막을 분리하고 해부침으로 점막조직을 해부하여 수집한 고정된 충체는 특히 감염 후 3일째에 여러가지 특이한 자세를 보였다. 충체전반부가 앞쪽으로 매우 돌출한 충체가 많았는데 돌출한 형태는 단순히 한가닥으로 돌출한 것에서 2분지, 3분지된 것까지 있어 마치 충체 전반부가 아메바운동을 하는 것 같이 보였다. 4. 이러한 형태의 충체를 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였던 바 돌출한 충체전반부는 돌출한 전반부의 길이를 따라 길이로 흠이 파져 있음이 관찰되 었다. 5. 감염후 9일, 4주 및 10주된 충체에서는 전반부가 돌출한 충체의 비율은 감염 3일된 충체에 비해 감소하였다. 이상의 결과에서 요꼬가와흡충은 감염초기에 장은와 선강(선륙) 상부에 충체 전반부를 밀어 넣을 때에 전반부를 튜브모양으로 만들어 침 입하며 인근 장은와 선강을 동시에 침 입하기 위하여 한 충체에서 여러개의 튜브모양 돌출부를 만들고 있는 것으로 사료되었다.터 그 다음 날 아침 6시까지 1시간 간격으로 모기를 채집하였다. C. tritaeniorhynchus의 활동이 가장 활발한 시간은 21시에서 22시, 24시에서 1시 사이였으며, 아침 5시 이후에는 한마리도 채집할 수 없었다. 조사 지역에서 채집한 유충은 사육실로 옮겨 종을 동정 하였던 바, 4층 14종이었으며, 매년 사회적으로 문제가 되는 뇌염 매개종인 C. tritaeniorhynchus의 유충서식처는 답, 옹덩이, 작은 연못, 늪, 미나리논 및 소택지 등이었다. 이상의 성적으로 미루어 보아 뇌염 매개 모기, C. tritaeniorhynchus는 6월 중순에 처음으로 출현하며, 8월 하순과 9월 초순에 최대 밀도를 나타내였고, 10월 중순 부터는 채집할 수 없음을 알았다.위분지 이상에서 3％로 자엽절 2분지의 비중이 특히 컸다.스 접종 8일 후의 중장원동세포내에서 A형 및 B형 봉입체가 형성되었음을 확인하였다. 10. FV감염 중장조직세포의 전자현미경 관찰에서는 바이러스 접종 5일 후에 배상세포의 'cytoplasmic wall'이 비대해지고 그 내부에 virus-specific vesicle이 형성되었으며, 바이러스 접종 8일 후에는 virus-specific vesicle, 바이러스 입자, linear structure, tubular structure 및 전자밀도가 높은 matrix 등의 바이러스 감염에 대한 특이적인 구조물이 배상세포의 세포질에서 관찰되었으며, microvilli내에서 바이러스 입자의 존재도 확정되었다. 특히 virus-specific vesicle 주위에서는 전자밀도가 높은 구형의 바이러스 입자 유사체가 관찰되었는데, 이것은 virus-specific vesicle 주위에서 바이러스 조립이 일어나는 것을 추정된다. 한편 원통세포 내에서 봉입체 관찰되고, 변형소구화된 배상세포가 중장강으로 탈락되는 것이 관찰되었다