• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.211-220
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was done to develop a prediction model for postpartum depression by verifying the mediation effect of antepartum depression. A hypothesized model was developed based on literature reviews and predictors of postpartum depression by Beck. Methods: Data were collected from 186 pregnant women who had a gestation period of more than 32 weeks and were patients at a maternity hospital, two obstetrics and gynecology specialized hospitals, or the outpatient clinic of K medical center. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, correlation and exploratory factor analysis using the SPSS/WIN 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 programs. Results: The final modified model had good fit indices. Parenting stress, antepartum depression and postpartum family support had statistically significant effects on postpartum depression, and defined 74.7% of total explained variance of postpartum depression. Antepartum depression had significant mediation effects on postpartum depression from stress in pregnancy and self-esteem. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that it is important to develop nursing interventions including strategies to reduce parenting stress and improve postpartum family support in order to prevent postpartum depression. Especially, it is necessary to detect and treat antepartum depression early to prevent postpartum depression as antepartum depression can affect postpartum depression by mediating antepartum factors.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the factors associated with postpartum depression and its influence on maternal identity of postpartum women. Methods: Research design was a cross sectional descriptive study with a total of 89 women within the six month postpartum period. Associations of eating habits, overall sleep quality and other factors with postpartum depression utilizing the Korean Beck Depression Inventory (K-BDI) were done. The influence of postpartum depression on maternal identity was analyzed. Variables yielding significant associations (p<.05) were included in an adjusted logistic regression and a stepwise multiple regression. Results: Mean scores of postpartum depression was $9.42{\pm}6.08$ and 31.5% (n=28) for mild depression, 11.2% (n=10) was moderate and 4.5% (n=4) was severe depression on the K-BDI scale. Perceived health status and overall sleep quality were predictors of postpartum depression. Postpartum depression and the husband's love were predictors of maternal identity. Conclusion: Awareness of poor health perception and sleep quality will be helpful to detect for postpartum depression. Strategies to increase maternal identity during the postpartum period would be tailored by level of depression.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 1999

Postpartum depression is one of the most serious problems in maternal health because it affects not only the mother but also her family. Postpartum depression disturbs maternal -infant interaction and attachment. However, most postpartum depression patients ignore this problem and do not seek treatment. Thus this study in conducted to development of a Home-Based Multimedia Tutoring System for postpartum depression management. With this computerized system, mothers in the postpartum periods can check the level of postpartum depression using a personal computer. This system will go through each mother's data and screen those who have abnormal values. In addition this system includes intervention programs -education for nutrition, hygiene care, sleep, postpartum exercise, methods of relaxation, deep breathing, visualization, music therapy and family therapy-to relieve postpartum depression. Using this system, a mother who has a minor level of depression can manage it by herself. Computer language used in this study were html 3.2, OS used was Microsoftware NT Server 4.0, the graphic tool was Adobe Photoshop 4.0, and the Webpage tool was Notepade. The results of this study are show at internet “URL : http : //203.241.225.42/”. Finally, the author suggests that this system could be adequately applied to assessing postpartum depression and as a intervention strategy for mothers during the postpartum period. Further this study contributes to designing an appropriate postpartum depression prevention strategy.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of fatigue, postpartum family support on postpartum depression in postpartum women. Methods: Data were collected through structured questionnaires. The participants of this study were 123 postpartum women in B metropolitan city. The data were analyzed with the SPSS/Win 18.0 program, using descriptive statistics, in independent t-test, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The subjects' degree of fatigue and postpartum depression had strong positive correlation (r=.623, p<.001). The subjects' degree of postpartum family support and postpartum depression had moderate negative correlation (r=-415, p<.001). Factors that affect postpartum depression were fatigue (${\beta}=.492$, p<.001), postpartum family support (${\beta}=-.234$, p=.001), pre-conception job (${\beta}=.222$, p=.001), Pregnancy depression (${\beta}=.177$, p=.007), Parity (${\beta}=.167$, p=.009). The explanation power was 55.0%. Conclusion: The study results indicate that it is necessary to various programs that can reduce postpartum mothers' fatigue and improve postpartum family support, in order to reduce the postpartum depression.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2007

Postpartum depression is a kind of serious problem which influences on the postpartum woman, her family and infant. It has been known to be caused by many factors and some depression scales have been used to assess the degree of postpartum depression. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale(EPDS) is simple and efficient method. Because of the difficulty of diagnosis and valuation on the postpartum depression, there has been a few case report on oriental medical treatment. I report one postpartum depression case which was valuated by EPDS and had objective evidence. In this case herbal treatment and acupuncture was efficacious on the postpartum depression. I think, though six month has passed from parturition, there need to be treated after parturition weakness and deficiency point of view.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2010

Purpose: This study is intended to identify difference postpartum depression according to delivery mode in the postpartum women. Methods: The subjects were 239 postpartum women in D and A city. Data collected from June 9, 2006 to August 6, 2007 using structured questionnaire surveys and convenience sampling. Measuring instrument was BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) translated By Lee and Song (1991). Collected data was analyzed by $x^2$-test, ANCOVA, Stepwise Multiple Regression with SPSS/PC 14.0. Results: There were significant differences in postpartum period ($x^2$=12.40, p = .002) and sleeping hours ($x^2$=9.09, p = .011) as analysed distribution of the subjects according to delivery mode. As result of analyzing the difference of postpartum depression according to delivery mode using ANCOVA, C-sec women's postpartum depression was higher than vaginal delivery women statistically (F=6.32, p = .013). As a result of Multiple Regression, income was a influencing factor of postpartum depression in vaginal delivery women and support of spouse and sleeping hours were influencing factors in C-sec women. Conclusion: There were differences in postpartum depression and their influencing factors according to delivery mode. Therefore it is necessary to develop and study a concrete nursing intervention and strategies for reducing the postpartum depression according to delivery mode.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.216-223
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors of postpartum depression among parturient women between 4 to 6 weeks after childbirth. Methods: The participants were 146 healthy postpartum women who delivered at three women's health hospitals in Chungnam province in 2008. Data were collected by a self-report questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by using the SPSS WIN 14.0 program. Results: There was a significant difference in postpartum depression depending on the educational level. Postpartum depression was significantly correlated with childcare stress, social support, infant fussiness, Sanhujori satisfaction, subjective health condition, and sleep satisfaction. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that postpartum depression was significantly predicted by childcare stress, Sanhujori satisfaction and subjective health condition. These variables explained 49.0% of the variance of postpartum depression. Conclusion: It is concluded that a nursing intervention for postpartum depression should focus on decreasing childcare stress and improving Sanhujori satisfaction. further studies are required to verily and substantiate the effect of the developed nursing intervention programs.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.223-233
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• 2005

As woman receive many stress during pregnancy and delivery, they happen to contract to psychopathy like a postpartum depression. Postpartum depression is a serious problem if they are not treated early enough the unhappy seriousness can be resulted. A 32-yeared-old female patient with postpartum depression was taken to Dongshin University oriental medical hospital on April, 28, 2003. We diagnosed this patient as postpartum depression, which originated from and efficiency of vital energy and blood. We treated this postpartum depression patient with herb medicine(Cami-Boheo-tang),acupuncture, moxibustion, and psychical therapy. After the oriental medical treatments, the patient was improved in all complains of the postpartum disease. After this, further study and approach will be needed about the disease of the postpartum depression.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.107-126
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• 1996

The Purpose of this study was to build a substantive theory about the experience of postpartum depression. The qualitative research method used was rounded theory. The interviewees were eight others who had experienced postpartum depression. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with audiotape recording done by the investigator over a period of twelve months. he data were analyzed simultaneously by a constant comparative method in which new data were continuously coded into categories and properties according to Strauss and Corbin's methodology. Analysis the grounded data resulted in 28 concepts being identified. Eight categories emerged from the analysis. The categories were regret, loss of freedom, isolation of oneself, heartache, loss, emotional upset, avoidance, recovery. These substantive categories are consistent with precious research results. Causal conditions included : regret, loss of freedom. Phenomena : heartache, loss, emotional upset. Context : isolation oneself. Intervention condition : avoidance. Action/interaction strategies : desire for recovery. Consequences : recovery. These categories were synthesized into the core concept-The process of filling the empty loss of self. The process of the experienced postpartum depression was ① change after delivery, ② searching for a reason for depression, ③ effort to recover from postpartum depression, ④ recovery from postpartum depression and return to previous life. The process of recovery from postpartum depression was proceeded by ① support from others, especially husband, ② resolution of stressful life events, ③ reconstructing of life goals and resolution strategies, ④ acceptance of depression and seeking psychiatric treatment. Seven hypotheses were derived from the analysis. ① Mothers who experienced stressful life event and economic problem are more depressive. ② Mothers who have conflict with parents are more depressive. ③ The more somatic symptoms, the more depression. ④ Social support facilitates recovery from postpartum depression. ⑤ Mothers who have lower self-esteem are more depressive. ⑥ Mother's role overload disturbs recovery from postpartum depression. ⑦ Ideal maternal identity facilitates recovery from postpartum depression. Through this substantive theory, nurses can understand the importance of postpartum depression management.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.485-496
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• 1997

This study explored the relationships between Husband's emotional support and the mother's postpartum depression. The purpose of this study was to contribute to theoretical understanding of the relationships among these two variables and eventually to direct the planning of nursing care that enhance the health status of mothers in the postpartum period. Data were collected from January to June, 1995, with 47 postpartum Korean mothers in NewHampshire state in The United States of America. Postpartum depression was measured by Jung's Self-rating Depression Scale and husband's support was measured by Husband's support scale developed by Cho, Young Sook. Postpartum depression and husband's support were measured by postpartum mothers on the 3rd postpartum day and 2 weeks. The data were analysed by an SPSS computerized program and Percentages, t-test, paired t-test. ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Stepwise multiple regression were used. The result of this study were summerized as follows ; 1. Mother's postpartum depression was greater at two weeks than the 3rd day (t=-2.64, p<.05). 2. Mother's percieved husband's supportive behavior was lower at 2 weeks than the 3rd day(t=-3.14,p<.01) 3. The higher the husband's supportive behavior, the lower the postpartum mother's depression (r=-2650,-2845;p<.01) 4. In this study, variables related to the mother's postpartum depression were husband's support, how much the husband liked the baby, occupation, and the knowledge of how to care for the baby. 5. In addition, by using Stepwise multiple regression analysis, it was determined that the main influencing factors on the postpartum depression. The variables - husband's support, how much the husband liked the baby and job made it possible to explain 48.61% of variance in postpartum depression. In conclusion, this study revealed that husband's support is an important factor that decrease the immigrant mother's postpartum depression.