• Applied Microscopy
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.355-365
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• 2001

흰쥐 전뇌 기저부에서 콜린성 신경세포는 내측중격핵, 수직 및 수평 대각 Broca대, 거대세포 시교차앞핵, 복부담창구, Meynert기저핵 그리고 신선조체 등에 분포하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 저자 등은 흰쥐 전뇌 기저부 Meynert 기저핵에서 ChAT항체를 이용한 면역조직 및 세포화학적 방법으로 신경세포들의 발생, 분포, 형태, 형별 출현율 및 세포체의 부피, 조직학적 특성 등을 확인하였다. 또한 전자현미경을 이용하여 ChAT항체에 면역 반응을 하는 신경세포의 미세구조적 특징을 관찰하여 출생 후 발생단계에 따른 Meynert 기저핵에서 ChAT항체 면역반응 신경세포들의 분화를 관찰하고 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. ChAT항체에 반응하는 신경세포의 분포는 조직마다 부분적으로 상이하지만, 대부분 담창구가 내포와 접하는 부위, 또는 담창구와 무명질의 연접지역에 군집을 이루거나 혹은 단독으로 관찰되었으며 ,무명질에는 시교차앞핵의 면역반응 세포와 혼재하는 것으로 확인되었다. ChAT면역반응 신경세포들은 세포의 모양과 세포체의 장 단축의 비에 따라 6가지형으로 분류되었다. 원형의 신경세포 출현율은 출생 후 7일에서 가장 높았고, 성체로 되면서 점차적으로 감소하였으며, 난형 신경세포는 출생 후 14일에 가장 높게 나타났고, 원형의 신경세포와 같이 성체로 되면서 점차 감소하였다. 또한, 세장형 신경세포의 출현 율은 출생 후 21일에 가장 높게 나타났다. 삼각형, 방추형 그리고 다각형 신경세포는 성체에서 출현율이 높았다. ChAT면역반응 신경세포체의 부피는 출생 후 7일에 $1,268{\mu}m^3$로 제일 작았으나, 출생 후 21일에서는 $4,453{\mu}m$로 최대치를 보였다. 그 후 성체로 되면서 점차 감소되었다. 전자현미경 관찰에서 성체의 ChAT항체 반응 신경세포의 핵외막, rER의 막, 자유리보즘 그리고 polysorne등이 관찰되었으며, 대칭 및 비대칭 신경연접이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과들로 미루어 흰쥐 전뇌 기저부 Meynert기저핵에서의 ChAT면역반응 신경세포들은 출생 후 발생과정에서 세포소기관과 신경돌기들의 분화에 따른 세포체 부피의 증가, 분화된 세포형들의 출현 율의 증가 및 세포의 손실이 없는 상태에서 세포 응축 등의 과정을 통하여 세포들이 분화한다고 생각된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 1987

A teratogenicity study was carried out on Sprague-Dawley rats which have been given the intravenously or intraperitonealy injections of rHuIFN-${\alpha}$A, an available therapeutic agent, at dose levels of $1{\times}10^5$, $4{\times}10^5$ and $1.2{\times}10^6$ I.U/kg/day for a period of 11 days from day 7 to day 17 of gestation. Two-thirds of the pregnant females in each group were sacrificed on day 20 of gestation and their fetuses were examined. The remaining dams were allowed to litter naturally, and the postnatal development of the off springs was observed. No changes were observed in all aspects of parameters between the treated and the control dams. The incidence of external, internal, and skeletal anomalies were not significantly increased in the fetuses of any treated groups. The rHuIFN-${\alpha}A$ caused no effects on parturition, lactation, and postnatal growth.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2018

The investigation of the embryonic development of the cerebellum has a long history. The postnatal normal development of the cerebellum in rodents and other animals became a popular topic for morphological investigations nearly a century ago. However, surprisingly, only a few studies are available regarding the prenatal normal development of the rodent cerebellum, especially in guinea pigs. Cell proliferation is essential for the development of the nervous system. The assessment of cell proliferation can be achieved by using various methods. In this study, we investigated the cell proliferation of the cerebellar cortex in guinea pigs at different stages of pregnancy and in postnatal life. Fetuses were obtained by cesarean section at 50 or 60 days of gestation (dg). Immunohistochemistry was performed with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody in the cerebellum. Strong PCNA immunoreactivity was observed in the external granular layer (EGL), which is a neurogenic zone in the cerebellum. The proportion of PCNA-IR cells was greater at 1 week than at 60 dg in lobule I, but not lobule VIII. After 50 dg, the width of the EGL continued to decline until 1 week, due to the maturation of the EGL cells. These results demonstrate the pattern of PCNA immunoreactivity in the developing cerebellum of guinea pigs. This serves as a guideline to study abnormal cerebellum development.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.59-70
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• 1985

Morphogenesis of rat retina was studied by light and electron microscope from day 14 of gestation to 55 days after birth. The results indicate as follows: 1. At the outer border of the neuroblastic layer at the 14th day of gestation, cells she wed active mitotic figures which result in the increases of thickness and differentiations of this layer. 2. At birth, rat retina is still in a premature state. But, it is begining to approach its adult condition in appearance till the 9th postnatal day. Particulary photosensitive cells are fully developed by the 14th postnatal day, so they are functional from now on. 3. It is observed that the pigment epithelium begins differentiation at the fetal period, but is not functional urtil birth 4. The pigment epithelium differentiates earlier than the neuroblastic layer. It is suggested that these two layers are so closely associated that the pigment epithelium takes part in the differentiations of the neuroblastic layer. In conclusion, rat retina is differentiated soon after the optic cup formation before the 14th day of gestation, but even new born rat retina is not functional, and then it has function as photoreceptors coincided with the eye opening.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.282-294
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• 2006

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of oriental treatments to postpartum depression Methods : We treated the patient who had postpartum depression and visited Joong-hwa oriental hospital. The patient in this case, 36-years-old female, was admitted for 15days(161th/May/2005-30th/May/2005) due to postpartum depression which was measured by EPDS(Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and BDI(Beck's depression Inventory). The symptoms of patient are insomnia, anxiety, palpitation, chest discomfort and depression. This patient was treated with Hominis Placenta Herbal acupuncture at CV4(Kwanwon, Guanyuan), CV6(Kihae, Qihai), B23(Shinsu, shenshu), GVl5(Amun, Yamen), herb medication, acupuncture, auricular acupuncture, moxa treatment, and so forth. Results : As a result, symptoms are remarkably alleviated. Conclusions : Hominis Placenta Herbal acupuncture is expected to have an effect on postpartum depression. After this, further approach and study on postpartum depression might be needed.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.345-352
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• 2018

Purpose: The study was conducted to measure stratum corneum hydration (SCH) and pH (SCP) in high-risk newborns in the early postnatal period and to explore the features related to patterns of change in those parameters. Methods: SCH and SCP were measured on the dorsal hand in 99 hospitalized newborns during the first 14 days of life and the results were analyzed using a general linear model. Results: The mean hydration was 42.9% on day 1, which decreased to 34.6% by 2 weeks (F=15.61, p=<.001). An association was observed between SCH and prematurity (F=21.12, p<.001), as well as for their interaction (F=8.11, p<.001). The mean SCP was $6.2{\pm}0.3$ on day 1, and decreased to $5.7{\pm}0.2$ (F=95.75, p<.001), with no association with prematurity. After adjusting for birth weight, SCH was higher in newborns with vaginal delivery (F=9.07, p=.023) and who received phototherapy (F=11.81, p=.011). For SCP, only delivery type had a significant influence (F=6.40, p=.044). Conclusion: This study suggests that SCH is typically in the 30% range during the early postnatal period, and that an acid mantle on the SC surface is very unlikely to form; these findings could be applied to the nursing process for promoting skin integrity in high-risk neonates.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 1996년도 제19회정기학술대회(The 19th Symposium of the Korean Society of Environmental Toxicology)
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• pp.25-41
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• 1996

KWON, O. S. SCHMUED, L. C. and LSIKKER, W. JR. Neurotoxiciligy. objectives of this study were to test the hypothesis that fumonisin $B_1$ ($FB_1$) alters sphinganine (Sa) levels and myelin synthesis in the central nervous system of developing rats. $FB_1$ (subcutaneous, 0. 4 or 0. 8 mg/kg/day) from postnatal days (PND) 3 to PND 12 resulted in a significantly increased in the brain of rats given 0. 8 mg $FB_1$/kg/day. To confirm the effect of limited nutrition on changes in the Sa levels and myelinogenesis, rats given 0.8mg $FB_1$/kg/day or treated by limited nutrition (temporary removal from dam during postnatal period) were compared to those in saline controls. Sa levels and Sa/So ratios were compared to those in saline in the 0.8 $FB_1$-treated, 3'-phosphohydrolase (CNP) activities were decreased significantly in both nutritionally limited and $FB_1$-exposed rats. These data indicate that sphingolipid metabolism in the central nervous system of develiping rats is vulnerable to $FB_1$ exposure. The hypomyelination associated with $FB_1$-treatment may be mediated by limited nutrition.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.353-363
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• 2017

Purpose: Oral glucose and pH are known as critical indicators for the growth of microorganism inside the oral cavity. This study was performed to identify oral glucose and pH variances in the early postnatal days of newborns. Methods: An explorative study which included 67 newborns was conducted to measure the oral glucose and pH during the first three days of life. Oral secretions were collected every 8 hours for three days or 6 to 9 times immediately after birth up to discharge. Oral glucose and pH variances during the three days were analyzed using the SPSS 22.0. Results: Oral glucose was $30.66{\pm}22.01mg/dl$ at birth then increased to $54.77{\pm}27.96mg/dl$ at the third day of life (F=8.04, p<.001) while oral pH decreased from $7.35{\pm}0.36$ to $5.53{\pm}0.39$ during the three days (F=113.35, p<.001). Oral glucose and pH were related to gestational age, regurgitation, and maternal diabetic mellitus. A negative correlation was found between oral glucose and pH (r=-.34, p<.001). Conclusion: Oral glucose and pH can be utilized for oral health assessment in newborns. Further study is needed to explore the factors which influence oral glucose and pH in high-risk newborns.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2018

Purpose: Abdominoperineal solid tumors presenting in neonates often require surgical intervention during the neonatal period. Although we report our single-center experience, this study would be meaningful to understand the clinical implications of these neoplasms. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the clinical data and characteristics of 22 patients (${\leq}28$ days old) diagnosed with histopathologically confirmed abdominoperineal solid neoplasms (benign or malignant) after surgical resection. Results: The mean gestational age and postnatal age at the time of operation were $38.3{\pm}1.8weeks$ and $13.5{\pm}8.3days$, respectively. Most patients (18/22, 81.8%) were diagnosed during antenatal care visits; however, 4 (18.2%) were identified after birth. The mean tumor size was $6.4{\times}5.3cm$ (3.5-17.0 cm), and tumors occurred most frequently within the sacrococcygeal region (8/22, 36.4%). Histopathologically, 14 patients (63.6%) demonstrated benign tumors and 8 (36.4%) demonstrated malignant tumors. Germ cell tumors and hepatoblastomas were the most commonly observed tumors. Fortunately, all patients showed a localized pattern of tumor involvement without distant metastasis. No recurrence or mortality was observed during the follow-up period (mean $66.4{\pm}44.2months$). Conclusion: Abdominoperineal solid tumors occurring in neonates show variable clinical patterns during the antenatal and postnatal monitoring/screening periods. We conclude that aggressive and multidisciplinary approaches could achieve good clinical results in these patients.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2016

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the morphological characteristics of the developing vallate papillae (VP) of Korean native goats using scanning electron microscopy. In prenatal development of the VP, primordia of the VP were observed and the moat was shallowly spread in 60-day-old fetuses. The moat of the vallate papillae was shallowly spread and still undifferentiated in 90-day-old fetuses. The trench wall of the moat of the VP was well developed in 120-day- old fetuses. In neonates, the moat of the VP was more widely and deeply engraved and VP were developed as completely as those of adults. In postnatal development, VP were observed to have continually increased in size with slight morphological changes until 90-days after birth. Taste pores of the VP were shaped like flower leaves in 120-days after birth. The microridges and microplicaes were well developed on the epithelial surface of the VP in goats ranging from 120-day-old fetuses to 120-day-old postnatal animals. These results suppose that the sensing ability for gestation of VP was already well developed by the time of its birth and VP were differentiated into a variety of different shape and size during development.