• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.363-379
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the mandibular retractive force on the mandibular condyle of growing dog. The experimental animals were six mongrel dogs of two-month old. Their deciduous dentition were completed. Two of them was used as control group, and experimental group was composed of remaining four. Head band and chin cup were made of cotton tape, and hooks are fabricated on the chin cup and had band for closed coil. Mandibular retractive force was 100g/side and chin cap appliance was used for 14 hours/day during night. Experimental group were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks from beginning of the experiment. Right TMJ was prepared for histologic study and left TMJ was examined grossly for disc, fossa, and condyle. The conclusions are: 1. Two-month old control animal showed active cartilaginous growth on the mandibular condyle, therefore showed thick proliferative and hypertrophic zones. Remodeling process in the condyle head was observed in which there were bone resorption on the anterior surface and bone apposition on the posterior surface. 2. Four-month old control animal showed marked reduction of hypertrophic zone but the condylar bone remodeling was more pronounced. 3. In experimental group, there are marked reduction of hypertrophic zone at 4 weeks from beginning of experiment, and hypertrophic zone disappeared at posterior-superior portion of condyle in 6-week experimental animal. 8 week experimental animal showed slight recovery of hypertrophic zone. 4. In experimental group, bone deposition was increased at anterior surface of condyle, and bone resorption was increased at posterior surface of condyle. 5. In control group, the glenoid fossa and surrounding bone showed mainly bone apposition. But experimental group showed bone resorption at anterior surface of articular eminence and increased bone apposition at posterior surface of postglenoid spine. 6. No marked traumatic change was seen but 4 weeks and 8 weeks experimental animal showed flattening of posterior surperior condylar surface. Bone marrow of condyle showed minute focal bleeding in 2 weeks and 4 weeks experimental animal, and congestion and depression of hematopoietic bone marrow during all experimental period.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.153-159
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• 2019

Purpose: Aims to analyze the occlusal wear patterns in maxillary posterior teeth with palatal side abfractions and study the association between occlusal force and abfractions. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in a total of 308 teeth from 148 patients with palatal side abfractions in maxillary posterior teeth. The occlusal wears in maxillary premolars and molars with palatal side abfractions were classified and recorded. The classification was done by type of teeth, age, and gender, and in order to evaluate the statistical significance between groups, chi-square test was conducted (${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: Palatal side abfractions in maxillary posterior teeth were observed at the highest frequency in the 1st molars, and in all teeth with palatal side abfractions, more than one occlusal wear was observed. In classification by type of teeth, by age, and by gender, the occlusal wears in teeth with palatal side abfractions were observed at high frequency in cuspal inclined plane, central fossa, and marginal ridge, and there was a statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Palatal side abfractions were observed at the highest frequency in maxillary 1st molars, and in all maxillary posterior teeth where palatal side abfractions were found, the occlusal wears were observed. And the occlusal wears were observed at high frequency in cuspal inclined plane, central fossa and marginal ridge. Such results show that abfraction is associated with occlusal force.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.63-73
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• 1992

This study was performed for the purpose of investigating the relation between width of temporomandibular joint space and craniofacial morphology in patients with CMDs. The subjects utilized here were aged from 16 to 63 years old and 19 male and 46 female. For the study, each patient was taken radiographs by Transcranial and Lateral Cephalographic projection and the films were traced with routine method. The measured items were anterior, superior, posterior joint space and relative condylar position to the deepest part of glenoid fossa in Transcranial film and items related vertical and/or horizontal growth in Cephalogram. The data were processed with SPSS/PC+ package for statistical analysis. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Anterior joint space in affected side were wider than that of unaffected side, but for superior and posterior joint space, the value of unaffected side were more than those of affected side. 2. Superior or posterior joint space of affected side were significantly correlated with items related vertical growth, such as ramus height, Jarabak ratio, FMA. From this, the following cold be proposed, the wider the joint space of superior or posterior aspect of affected side was, the more the patient showed growth pattern of counter clockwise. 3. Superior or posterior joint space of affected side were significantly correlated with items related horizontal growth, such as SNPo, NAPo, APDI and ANB. From this the following could be proposed, the wider the joint space of superior or posterior aspect of affected side was, the more the patient showed anterior displacement of mandible. 4. It would be proposed that the diagnositic value of superior and posterior joint space of affected side in transcranial radiograph was excellent.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1993

The Internal derangement of temporomandibular joint disc was evaluated by using magnetic resonance imaging and arthrogram in 5 patients having reciprocal clicking or locking and in 5 normal subjects. Parasagittal multisections on both closed and open mouth were serially obtained by using a 1.5 Tesla MR system and surface coil with CSMEMP, MPGR. MR images obtained were analized by correlating with images of arthrograms. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Displaced meniscus was clearly delineated as dark structure on MR images other than on arthrograms of closed mouth view of patient having clicking or locking. 2. The deltoid white images of synovial fluid were identified in the glenoid fossa and on the posterior surface of condyle on open mouth view and partly depicted on closed mouth view, of parasagittal sections by MPGR. 3. The greyish image of joint fluid was identified on the posterior surface of condyle on the open mouth view of parasagittal sections by CSMEMP. 4. The structural relationship among condyle, meniscus, and fluid showed the variety of images on each parasagitta1 view.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1977

The authors had observed a rare case of osteopetrosis from 8 years old male who had complained nasal obstruction at, Department of Dental Radiology, Kyung Hee University. In the serial roentgenograms the following results were revealed. 1. This osteopetrosis was considered to be malignant rather than benign. 2. In the skull, the greatest degree of radiopacity was found in the base. The pituitary fossa appeared to be small and posterior clinoid process revealed clubbing and thickening. 3. In the frontal and nasal bones were slightly enlarged with marked radiopacity and paranasal sinuses were obscured. 4. The maxilla was markedly affected and bony trabeculae were seen to be coarse and thickened but mandibular posterior segment slightly. 5. There were long retardation of the tooth eruption and physiologic resorption of the deciduous teeth, and tooth root revealed stunted and dwarfed appearance in the both jaws. 6. In this case, the thickened alveolar lamina dura was indistinguishable.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.184-189
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• 2005

Objective : Hemangioblastomas are highly vascular and benign neoplasm of the central nervous system[CNS]. They can often be found as multiple lesions, as is commonly observed in von Hippel-Lindau[VHL] disease. The aim of this study is to determine the proper management for multiple hemangioblastomas. Methods : Since 1990, 78cases of hemangioblastoma have been encountered. Among these, 9cases were multiple hemangioblastomas that were treated with surgical resection with or without radiosurgery. The medical, radiological, surgical and histological records were reviewed retrospectively and analyzed statistically. Results : Nine patients presented with multiple hemangioblastomas and were diagnosed as VHL disease. The mean follow-up duration was 75.7months [$6.6{\sim}159.2months$] after the first surgical treatment. Three patients were treated with surgical resection alone and six patients were treated by both surgical resection and radiosurgery. Twenty-one surgical procedures [13 surgical resections and 8 radiosurgery] were performed. One patient required ventriculoperitoneal shunt and a posterior fossa decompressive craniectomy because of post-radiation brain swelling. Another patient refused additional treatment for the newly developed lesions after the successful treatment of initial lesions. The other patient who presented with numerous lesions in the whole brain and spine underwent cranio-spinal irradiation. Remaining patients showed good results. Conclusion : The surgical outcomes for the patients with a single lesion of the CNS hemangioblastoma are favorable. However. the treatment of multiple hemangioblastoma is more difficult, and should be treated by surgical resection and radiosurgery with careful consideration.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.393-399
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• 2023

Objective : Chiari II malformation (CM II) is still the main cause of severe morbidity and mortality in children with open neural tube defects (ONTDs). The goal of this study was to validate a CM II model in late-stage chick embryos with surgically induced ONTDs. Methods : To make the chick embryo model of ONTD, their neural tubes were opened for a length of 5-6 somites at the thoracic level in Hamburger and Hamilton stage 18 chick embryos (n=150). They were reincubated in ovo up to a total age of 17-21 days. A total of 19 embryos survived and were assigned to either the postoperative day (POD) 14-15 group (n=6) or the POD 17-18 group (n=13). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathologic findings of embryo heads with spinal ONTDs were compared with age-matched normal chick embryos. Results : The chick embryos with ONTDs demonstrated definite and constant structural changes, such as downward displacement of the cerebellum to just above the foramen magnum and narrow and small cerebrospinal fluid spaces in the crowded small posterior fossa. These morphologic features were more prominent in the POD 17-18 group than in the POD 14-15 group. Conclusion : This is the first description of CM II with spinal ONTD in a late-stage chick embryo model with MRI and histopathological analysis. The morphological changes of the posterior fossa in this study mimic those of CM II associated with spinal ONTD in humans. This model will facilitate investigation of the pathogenesis of CM II.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2005

Two hundreds of female aged 19 years old and up were recruited to evaluate the postural changes and bilateral variation of asymmetry over age. To find out the differences among the age group, subjects were classified into 5 groups, early young age(19-29), late young age(30-39), early middle age(40-49), late middle age(50-59), and old age(60-). 35 body measurements were taken by the 3-D body scanner which allowed us to take measurements which cannot be measured using traditional methods, including the shape of a cross section, slice area surface are, and volume. Bilateral variations were observed as a function of age; Depth of scapular point level, scapular point to center back, and blade angle. Postural change of anterior cervical angle, upper anterior thoracic angle, upper posterior thoracic angle, posterior cervical angle, and center back/center front ratio were also exhibited. In each measurements, subjects were classified into normal, and abnormal group. Percentiles of abnormal in shoulder line angle, blade angle, neck point $\∼$ acromial point $\∼$ scapular point, posterior cervical angle, and upper posterior thoracic angle were increased over age group. The upper body of lateral view was classified into 3 types of posture based on the previous research; straight, erect(leaning back), and stooped(bent forward). The percentiles of subjects who have straight postures were decreased as a function of age, but those of stooped postures were increased. Subjects who have erect postures did not so. The stooped posture group shows the big cervical fossa angle, anterior cervical angle, posterior cervical angle, upper posterior thoracic angle, and the small upper anterior thoracic angle comparing to the straight and erect posture group. These results could be apply for clothing construction reflecting the changes in back, shoulder, neck, and the bilateral asymmetry according to the target age group.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.350-358
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• 2015

Objective : To evaluate the morphometry of the anterior thalamoperforating arteries (ATPA). Methods : A microanatomical study was performed in 79 specimens from 42 formalin-fixed adult cadaver brains. The origins of the ATPAs were divided into anterior, middle, and posterior segments according to the crowding pattern. The morphometry of the ATPAs, including the premammillary artery (PMA), were examined under a surgical microscope. Results : The anterior and middle segments of the ATPAs arose at mean intervals of $1.75{\pm}1.62$ mm and $5.86{\pm}2.05$ mm from the internal carotid artery (ICA), and the interval between these segments was a mean of $3.17{\pm}1.64$ mm. The posterior segment arose at a mean interval of $2.43{\pm}1.46$ mm from the posterior cerebral artery (PCA), and the interval between the middle and posterior segments was a mean of $3.45{\pm}1.39$ mm. The mean numbers of perforators were $2.66{\pm}1.19$, $3.03{\pm}1.84$, and $1.67{\pm}0.98$ in the anterior, middle, and posterior segments, respectively. The PMA originated from the middle segment in 66% of cases. A perforator-free zone was located >2 mm from the ICA in 30.4% and >2 mm from the PCA in 67.1% of cases. Conclusion : Most perforators arose from the anterior and middle segments, within the anterior two-thirds of the posterior communicating artery (PCoA). The safest perforator-free zone was located closest to the PCA. These anatomical findings may be helpful to verify safety when treating lesions around the PCoA and in the interpeduncular fossa.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.8-15
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• 2012

Posterior shoulder muscle tightness is frequently observed in shoulder impingement syndrome because tightness in the posterior portion of the shoulder muscles can cause anterior and superior translation of the humeral head in relation to the glenoid fossa. The purpose of this study was to determine the immediate effects of soft tissue massage on acromiohumeral distance (AHD), anterior translation of the humeral head, and glenohumeral (GH) range of motion (ROM) in subjects with posterior shoulder muscle tightness. Twenty-seven subjects with greater than $10^{\circ}$ difference in the range of GH horizontal adduction between right and left sides were recruited. The range of GH horizontal adduction and internal rotation were measured by a digital inclinometer. The AHD and anterior translation of the humeral head were measured using ultrasonography. A paired t-test was used to compare AHD, anterior translation of the humeral head, and the range of GH horizontal adduction and internal rotation before and after soft tissue massage. The results showed that AHD increased significantly (p<.05) and the anterior translation of humeral head decreased slightly, but not significantly (p=.40) after the soft tissue massage. Furthermore, the ROM of horizontal adduction and internal rotation in the GH joint increased significantly after the soft tissue massage (p<.05). These findings indicate that soft tissue massage on posterior shoulder muscle tightness is an effective method to increase AHD and ROM in the horizontal adduction and internal rotation of the GH joint.