• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.59-66
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• 2015

Purpose - The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of the European Union's (EU) focus on innovation and consumption, after the EU Eastern enlargement, on trade, investment, and technology cooperation patterns of Korea to formulate a pan-European marketing strategy, with a special emphasis on the mobile phone industry. Research design, data, and methodology - This study compares the intersection of the pivotal areas in the markets in the "post-new normal" era to identify outlets to commercialize development and innovation in this region. The EU would like to realize potential trade and investment opportunities with the Central European Economic Community (CEEC) from this enlargement. Results - The study analysis suggests a positive impact for innovation and consumption from the EU Eastern enlargement on trade, investment, and technology cooperation patterns of Korea to formulate a pan-European marketing strategy with a special emphasis on the mobile phone industry or motorcar e-strategy. Conclusions - Due to the evolving close interdependencies some hubs have emerged between regional, small markets and the central, larger ones such as Germany and France.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.3
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• pp.257-285
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• 1999

Korea Postal Service(KPS) nowadays lies in competitive environment with alternative business such as door-to-door delivery service. Customers began to complain about postal service quality and ask the government to reform a public firm through management innovation. But, Korea Postal Service has not met the break-even point between it's revenue and expenditure because the service is under the government system and cannot independently make major decisions on products, pricing, services, personnel management, financial policies and etc. The objective of this study is to provide marketing planners and practitioners with some guidelines when they establish marketing strategies and to help marketers on theories and practical instructions about postal service marketing when they interact with customers. I. A field survey on both customer satisfaction and internal staff satisfaction was conducted to get some ideas for the marketing strategy planning. II. Practical guidelines and instructions were made for marketers to communicate with customers in various areas such as pricing, product, service demand, marketing channel, promotion, and etc. III. Some suggestions on marketing policies for planners and mangers in the marketing strategy were described including personnel resource as well as physical resource. IV. Special issues on small packet market and direct mail market were discussed and some alternative solutions were proposed. V. Database marketing strategy was emphasized to get new business opportunities such as direct mail, and to provide differential services to customers as much as their contribution into the profitability for KPS. VI. Cyber Post Office should be constructed on Internet to provide new services which are combined with physical material flow and information technologies.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has not only increased customer preference for contactless methods but also created digital business opportunities in a variety of industries. Particularly in the fashion industry, contactless distribution and contactless shopping have increased significantly. This study identifies the changed consumers' perception of contactless shopping, which has been expanded due to the COVID-19 pandemic and analyzes specific factors that influence shopping switching intention to derive efficient marketing plans for post COVID-19 era. The study targeted Korean male and female consumers. The perceived value, usefulness, and alternative attractiveness of contactless shopping had a significant effect on shopping switching intention, and a moderating effect of offline fashion stores was confirmed. These results indicate that customers' experience in a fashion store influences their next online and offline shoping. This study, therefore, proposed the direction that the fashion industry should advance from a marketing perspective in the post COVID-19 era.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.13-19
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• 2019

This study is about pressure-accepting behavior of consumers attached to brands. Previous studies of the situation focused on time pressure and scarcity pressure, focusing on scarcity. The results of the study are as follows. First, consumers attached to brands were found to be relatively blunt in time pressures. This indicates that brands of consumers are attached to do not buy on impulse because of time pressure. Second, consumers attached to brands were found to be relatively under social pressure. This indicates that consumers who are attached to the brand do not buy with social pressures such as quasi-family groups. Third, consumers attached to brands were found to be relatively sensitive to scarcity pressures. Thus, a quantity-limited marketing strategy is generally more effective for consumers with high marketing effectiveness but high brand attachment. Fourth, unlike the one presented, consumers attached to the brand were found to be relatively insensitive to place pressure.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.142-155
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• 2011

By developing attitude transfer model, this study examined the co-marketing alliance effect between fashion and other industries (i.e., service and product brands) based upon the information integration theory. In addition, it examined the product tangibility/intangibility effects of partner brands by controlling stimuli: two alliance cases of fashion and service brands and two alliance cases of fashion and product brands. A total of 1,037 Korean women aged 20 to 39 were surveyed to compare the prior- and post- attitudes toward fashion/partner brands under four fictitious co-marketing alliance cases. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), multi-group CFA, structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis, and multi-group SEM analysis were conducted to test the hypotheses. The results demonstrated that the prior-attitude toward fashion brand partially affected the alliance attitude, and the co-marketing alliance was affected by prior-attitudes partner brands. The result of multi-group SEM analysis supported the significant differences between service and product brands as alliance partners, which might refer to the effect of product tangibility, existing in brand alliance contexts. The alliance evaluation affected the subsequent evaluations on each participating brands. This study empirically provides the conceptual structure of how consumer attitudes toward the participating brands interact with the attitudes toward alliance and offer practical insights. Specifically, upon employing the manipulated co-marketing alliances cases, this study demonstrates the partnering effect according to product tangibility of partner brands.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.125-147
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• 2006

Internet shopping mall has dual nature of information technology features defined by the web-based application system and marketing features explained by the shopping marketplaces. The purpose of this study aims at analyzing the consumer's attempt to purchase and re-purchase intention to the internet shopping mall to combine the IT perspective and the marketing perspective. This paper develop the integrated research model with the acceptance behaviors of customers through consumer's purchase decision process(pre-purchase stage and post-purchase stage). The results from an empirical survey as follows: First, the integrated model is valid in predicting the acceptance of the internet shopping malls by using structured equation modeling. Second, there are the differences between pre-purchase stage and post-purchase stage by each conceptual constructs. Finally, the results of MSEM(Multi-group Structured Equation Modeling) indicate the perceived ease of use and perceived trust to the attitude to the internet shopping mall is more effectively predicted at the pre-purchase stage. Vice versa, the perceived usefulness to the intention to the purchase intention of internet shopping mall is more effectively predicted at the post-purchase stage. This study provides an integrative approach to develop the effective and successful internet shopping mall strategy.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.6
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• pp.167-184
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• 2000

Previous models of consumer post-purchase evaluation behavior have treated customer satisfaction as a transaction-specific construct. In the present paper, a conceptual framework that describes customer satisfaction measurement as a process is developed. The framework explains customer satisfaction as a dynamic process encompassing five stages-search, interaction, experience, service, and longevity. It is proposed that organizations should develop information systems to measure customer satisfaction during all five of the stages and disseminate such information throughout the organization as part of their Total Quality Management efforts.

• Translational and Clinical Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.118-127
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• 2018

The safety and efficacy of fimasartan have been evaluated through post-marketing surveillance in real world clinical practice. The multi-center, prospective, open-label and non-interventional study. A total of 3,945 patients (3,729 patients for safety assessment and 3,473 patients for efficacy assessment) were screened in patients with essential hypertension in 89 study centers from 9 September 2010 through 8 September 2016. Among the total patients, 2,893 patients (77.6%) were administered fimasartan for 24 weeks or longer and were classified as 'patients with long-term follow-up', and the additional safety and efficacy analysis were performed. The improvement was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) controlled to ${\leq}140mmHg$ or decreased SBP differences ${\geq}20mmHg$ after treatment or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) controlled to ${\leq}90mmHg$ or decreased DBP differences ${\geq}10mmHg$ after treatment. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were reported in 3.8% patients; dizziness, and hypotension were the most frequently reported ADRs in total patients. The results of patients with long-term follow-up were comparable with total patients. The overall improvement rate in all efficacy assessment at the last visit was 87.1% (3,025/3,473 patients). The overall improvement rate of the patients with long-term follow-up was 88.9%. Fimasartan was well tolerated, with no new safety concerns identified and an effective treatment in the real world clinical practice for Korean patients with hypertension.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.75-115
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• 2007

This study investigated the effect of service provider's recovery effort and pre-failure customer-employee rapport on post-recovery consumer response such as satisfaction, purchase intention, and positive Word-of-Mouth communication. First, this study explored the interaction effect of recovery effort and customer-employee rapport on post-recovery consumer response. The result shows when the level of pre-failure customer-employee rapport is high, customer's positive responses decreased slightly even though they perceived low recovery effort. However, when the level of pre-failure customer-employee rapport is low, customer's responses were decreased considerably in case of low recovery effort. Second, this study examined 'service recovery paradox' which is post-recovery consumer's satisfaction is greater than the case of no service failure. The result shows recovery paradox was not supported in all samples regardless of the level of recovery effort and customer-employee rapport. Synthetically, customer-employee rapport took a buffering role in customer response after service failure although it's not the same as error-free state.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.421-435
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• 2006

The objective of this report is to introduce the European Union's variation rules governing medicinal products that are subject to post-approval changes. The EMEA outlines a variety of changes occurring to approved medicinal products. It also recommends a marketing authorisation holder to follow specific post-approval applications in various situations. For instance, the Commission Regulation(EC) No. 1085/2003 explains variation types and suggests post-authorisation procedures with which an applicant should comply. In all cases of minor and major variations the applicant has to investigate and validate whether or not the intended changes would have impact on the safety, efficacy and quality of a drug product. The applicant should then submit to the EMEA a variation application with adequate documentation in support of the notified changes. This procedure is implemented to ensure that changes to the approved medicinal product do not cause my public health concerns. In fact, the post-authorisation guidance categorizes post-approval changes into type IA/IB variations, type II variations, and extension applications. Such classifications determine administrative procedures to be followed in an efficient manner. Based on the type of a variation, the regulatory agency opts to reduce or extend the evaluation time-frame. The thrust of the EU's post-authorisation guidance is introduced in text with appropriate explanation. All these information will be likely to be helpful in updating a Korean regulatory guidance that could better deal with post-approval changes to generic drugs available in the market.