• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.1983-1989
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• 2020

The human reliability analysis is a method by which, in general terms, the human impact to the safety and risk of a nuclear power plant operation can be modelled, quantified and analysed. It is an indispensable element of the PSA process within the nuclear industry nowadays. The paper herein presents a sensitivity study of the human reliability analysis performed on a real nuclear power plant-specific probabilistic safety assessment model. The analysis is performed on a pre-selected set of post-initiator operator actions. The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of these operator actions on the plant risk by altering their corresponding human error probabilities in a wide spectrum. The results direct the fact that the future effort should be focused on maintaining the current human reliability level, i.e. not letting it worsen, rather than improving it.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.323-328
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• 2011

Objective : Epidural fibrosis and adhesion are the main reasons for post-laminectomy sustained pain and functional disability. In this study, the authors investigate the effect of irradiated freeze-dried human amniotic membrane on reducing epidural adhesion after laminectomy on a rat model. Methods : A total of 20 rats were divided into two groups. The group A did not receive human amniotic membrane implantation after laminectomy and group B underwent human amniotic membrane implantation after laminectomy. Gross and microscopic findings were evaluated and compared at postoperative 1, 3 and 8 weeks. Results : The amount of scar tissue and tenacity were reduced grossly in group of rats with human amniotic membrane implantation (group B). On a microscopic evaluation, there were less inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroblast proliferation in group B. Conclusion : This experimental study shows that implantation of irradiated freeze-dried human amniotic membrane reduce epidural fibrosis and adhesion after spinal laminectomy in a rat model.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.123-134
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the problems of verbal violence that adolescents face in the post-human age, when the non-face-to-face media is increasing. Methods: A survey was conducted on 305 adolescents, aged 14 to 16 years of middle school and high school students. The data were analyzed with the SPSS 25.0. Results: As a result of conducting multiple regression analysis to identify the type of conversation that affects verbal abuse of adolescents, a model with a conversation with family, conversation with other people, messenger conversation such as KakaoTalk, and video chat conversation was selected. The amount of explanation was 11.4%. (R2 = .114) Of these, non-face-to-face conversations have been shown to increase verbal violence, and face-to-face conversations with family have, in turn, lowered the risk. As a result of t-testing to examine the effect of verbal abuse experience on the verbal violence index, the damage experience was significant in depression (p = .042) and impulsive aggression (p = .021). (P = .000). Conclusion: This study reiterates the importance of family dialogue along with the fact that the development of various non-face-to-face media in the Fourth Industrial Revolution can have a negative impact on adolescent mental health.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2008

Stalled DNA replication forks activate specific DNA repair mechanism called post-replication repair (PRR) pathways that simply bypass DNA damage. The bypassing of DNA damage by PRR prevents prolonged stalling of DNA replication that could result in double strand breaks (DSBs). Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) functions to initiate and choose different bypassing pathways of PRR. In yeast, DNA replication forks stalled by DNA damage induces monoubiquitination of PCNA at K164, which is catalyzed by Rad6/Rad18 complex. PCNA monoubiquitination triggers the replacement of replicative polymerase with special translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerases that are able to replicate past DNA lesions. The PCNA interaction motif and/or the ubiquitin binding motif in most TLS polymerases seem to be important for the regulation of TLS. The TLS pathway is usually error-prone because TLS polymerases have low fidelity and no proofreading activity. PCNA can also be further polyubiquitinated by Ubc13/ Mms2/Rad5 complex, which adds an ubiquitin chain onto monoubiquitinated K164 of PCNA. PCNA polyubiquitination directs a different PRR pathway known as error-free damage avoidance, which uses the newly synthesized sister chromatid as a template to bypass DNA damage presumably through template switching mechanism. Mammalian homologues of all of the yeast PRR proteins have been identified, thus PRR is well conserved throughout evolution. Mutations of some PRR genes are associated with a higher risk for cancers in mice and human patients, strongly supporting the importance of PRR as a tumor suppressor pathway.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.170-175
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• 2017

PURPOSE. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fracture resistances of zirconia, cast nickel-chromium alloy (Ni-Cr), and fiber-composite post systems under all-ceramic crowns in endodontically treated mandibular first premolars. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 36 extracted human mandibular premolars were selected, subjected to standard endodontic treatment, and divided into three groups (n=12) as follows: cast Ni-Cr post-and-core, one-piece custom-milled zirconia post-and-core, and prefabricated fiber-glass post with composite resin core. Each specimen had an all-ceramic crown with zirconia coping and was then loaded to failure using a universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min, at an angle of 45 degrees to the long axis of the roots. Fracture resistance and modes of failure were analyzed. The significance of the results was assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey honest significance difference (HSD) tests (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. Fiber-glass posts with composite cores showed the highest fracture resistance values ($915.70{\pm}323N$), and the zirconia post system showed the lowest resistance ($435.34{\pm}220N$). The corresponding mean value for the Ni-Cr casting post and cores was reported as $780.59{\pm}270N$. The differences among the groups were statistically significant (P<.05) for the zirconia group, as tested by ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. CONCLUSION. The fracture resistance of zirconia post-and-core systems was found to be significantly lower than those of fiber-glass and cast Ni-Cr post systems. Moreover, catastrophic and non-restorable fractures were more prevalent in teeth restored by zirconia posts.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.181-192
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• 1997

The difficulty of endodontic retreatment depends on various factors and it is affected by retention of post. In this experiment, root canal therapy was done in extracted human teeth and cut into 10mm length from the root apex, and then cemented by zinc phosphate cement, Vitremer$^{(R)}$(glass ionomer) luting cement and Panavia 21$^{(R)}$(resin cement). Post preparation was done by #4 Parapost drill at 6mm length and cement was inserted by lentulo spiral. After 24 hours, tensile bond strength, post removal time was measured after the ultrasonic application and the separation site was measured. The following results were obtained. 1. In measuring tensile bond strength, there is no statistical difference between zinc phosphate cement and Panavia 21$^{(R)}$, but Vitremer$^{(R)}$ showed lower value compared with those two cements. (p<0.001) 2. When the post removal time was measured after ultrasonic application, significant different value in order of Panavia 21$^{(R)}$, zinc phosphate cement and Vitremer$^{(R)}$ was shown. (p<0.001) 3. As a result of examining the separating site of each cement, all 16 of zinc phosphate cement group showed the fracture site between cement and post, Vitremer$^{(R)}$ was 13/16, and Panavia 2$^{(R)}$ was 8/16. In case of tooth restoration using Parapost, the use of Panavia 21 showed good retention property than Vitremer$^{(R)}$, but when retreatment is needed the difficulty of post removal will be increased.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.721-730
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the tech fatale fashion image in female models of mobile advertisements and to find the fashion characteristics. The tech fatale emerging as new culture code is a compound word of the femme fatale and technology. It is characteristics of the femme fatale, the post digital culture and the female leadership. The findings of the study were as follows : The tech fatale types were the independence, the transformation and the tradition. The independence was a self expression, appealed to visual image, was showed the coating fabric, denim, space look and street fashion and reflected the creativeness and digital generation. The transformation appealed to sexuality and was showed luster fabric, exposure, body-conscious, glam look. The voluptuous beauty represented the pride of the post digital generation. The tradition appealed to emotion and was showed pale color, simple line, soft texture fabric and a feminine Image. The meanings of tech fatale were the imagination, the public, the duality, the game, the purity and the recurrence. The formative characteristics reflect the mind of post digital generation who is against authority and pursues the human being worth such as the identity establishment and the pure emotion.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2019

In the past, social insurance premiums, such as national pension and national health insurance, is contained within the costs of construction projects, have been lowered due to price competition of companies participating in the bidding. The government is implementing the "Ex-post settlement system" to improve the problem. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the concept of an Ex-post settlement system and background of its introduction and to identify problems in the management of the system. The problems of the Ex-post settlement system are: 1) avoiding the participation of construction workers, 2) the rigidity of the insurance premium settlement method in construction field, and 3) the cause of direct construction cost reduction. The ways to improve these problems are: 1) excluding social insurance premiums from construction project cost, 2) securing flexibility of the settlement method of insurance premiums in construction field, and 3) expanding the scope of persons eligible to participate in social insurance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.63-79
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• 2022

This study investigated the phenomenon of modern people enjoying tattoo culture in Korea from the perspective of post subculture. A qualitative study was conducted using both literature review and in-depth interview methods. For post-subculture perspectives, the theories of Maffesoli (2017) and Thornton (1996), which are suitable for interpreting contemporary tattoo culture, were reviewed in terms of seven concepts: sporadic network, grouping, fluid participation, temporary emotional bond, self-distinction, pursuit of underground culture, and display and concealment. Semi-structured questionnaires were constructed and administered based on the organized characteristics. Five cultural qualities of the tattoo phenomenon in Korea were derived based on post-subculture concepts. Sporadic formation is related to the pattern of inflow into tattoo culture, and "streaming" participation is based on fluid participation and temporary ties. Distinction within subculture is based on self-distinction and pursuit of underground. The costume-playing ordinary concept includes the characteristic of controlling the exposure of tattoos in society. Finally, formation of the consumer tattoo market was newly discovered in Korean tattoo culture.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7693-7702
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• 2014

Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) occurs in women of all age groups, and causes cervical, anal, vaginal, vulvar, penile and oropharyngeal cancers. The aim of the study was to discover what nurses know about HPV infection, testing and vaccination and to determine vaccine practice of their daughters and perceived barriers. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and prospective study was carried out nurses who have worked in a hospital between January and June 2014. Pre-test and post-test were used to evaluate the nurses' knowledge about HPV infection, testing and vaccination. This study was performed with nurses who had girls between 9 and 26 years of age for evaluating the behavior of vaccination after three months of education. Results: The mean of pre-test and post-test scores about HPV infection, which included 22 items, were $8.2{\pm}5.6$ and $19.2{\pm}1.5$, respectively. Before education the HPV testing knowledge score was remarkably poor ($1.9{\pm}1.7$ over 5), after education it increased to $4.8{\pm}0.5$. The mean HPV vaccine knowledge score were $3.7{\pm}2.7$ (pre-test) $7.3{\pm}0.8$ (post-test) on a 0-8 scale. The difference between mean total pre-test ($13.9{\pm}9.1$) and post-test ($31.3{\pm}1.9$) scores was statistically significant (p<0.001). After three months of education, only two of the nurses' daughters were vaccinated. The main reason was noted by nurses were not willing to be vaccinated was cost, doubts about safety and efficacy related to the vaccine. About one-third of nurses declared that they would receive the vaccine for their daughter later. Conclusions: Nurses have a crucial role in the prevention, treatment, increasing public awareness and care for population. The education of the nurses about HPV infection, test and vaccination will play an important part decreasing cancer mortality and morbidity.