• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.15-22
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• 1999

This study investigated the mordanting effect of natural mordants such as camellia ash, bean chaff ash and pyrolignite of iron(Iron(II) Acetate) on silk fabrics dyed with green tea extracts. Experimental variables include the conditions of extraction and dyeing, and types of natural mordants. Inorganic ion contents In natural mordants were analysed by Induced Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer. In the ash Al, Fe, Si and Mn were in % unit, Cr and Ni were detected in ppm unit, and in the aqueous extracts of the ash all the metal ions were in ppm unit. On the other hand, fairly high content of Al(2.13% ) in camellia ash extract and Fe(7.91% ) in the aqueous extracts of pyrolignite iron were detected. The absorbance intensity of green tea extracts in UV-Visible spectrum increased with the temperature and time of extraction. The maximum absorption wavelength of the extracts appeared at 272.5nm and 210.5nm. The US values of silk fabrics dyed with green tea extracts were increased with temperature and time of dyeing. Surface color of silk fabric dyed with green tea extracts was 9.1YR, but it was changed from 7.9YR to 7.5YR by camellia ash extract and 7.4YR to 6.4YR by bean chaff ash extract with increase in mordant concentration. Pre-mordanted and post-mordanted fabrics with pyrolignite of iron were changed from 1.4YR to 1.1R and 7.2P to 4.2P, respectively.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

Current desulfurization and denitrification technologies have reached a considerable level in terms of reduction efficiency. However, when compared with the simultaneous reduction technology, the individual reduction technologies have issues such as economic disadvantages due to the difficulty to scale-up apparatus, secondary pollution from wastewater/waste during the treatment process, requirement of large facilities for post-treatment, and increased installation costs. Therefore, it is necessary to enable practical application of simultaneous SOx and NOx treatment technologies to remove two or more contaminants in one process. The present study analyzes a technology capable of maintaining simultaneous treatment of SOx and NOx even at low temperatures due to the electrochemically generated strong oxidation of the wet-pulse complex system. This system also reduces unreacted residual gas and secondary products through the wet scrubbing process. It addresses common problems of the existing fuel gas treatment methods such as SDR, SCR, and activated carbon adsorption (i.e., low treatment efficiency, expensive maintenance cost, large installation area, and energy loss). Experiments were performed with varying variables such as pulse voltage, reaction temperature, chemicals and additives ratios, liquid/gas ratio, structure of the aeration cleaning nozzle, and gas inlet concentration. The performance of individual and complex processes using the wet-pulse discharge reaction were analyzed and compared.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.109-121
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• 2022

Objective : This study is conducted to investigate the effect of Astragali Radix on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD) induced by the Single Proposed Stress(SPS). Methods : The experiment was conducted with five groups; SAL groups with only saline treatment, SPS group, SPS + ARX25 group, SPS + ARX50 group, and SPS + ARX100 group. After applying SPS, saline and ARX were administered for 14 days to identify the change of body weight, sucrose intake amount, and behavioral changes through Open Field Test(OFT) and Forced Swimming Test(FST). After the behavioral experiment, plasma corticosterone levels, serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay in medical prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in the hippocampus was measured using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results : Weight change has significantly decreased in the SPS group compared to the SAL group(p<0.05). On day 14, the sucrose intake of rats has significantly increased in the SPS + ARX100 group compared to the SPS group(p<0.05). In OFT, the number of staying in the central space has significantly increased in the SPS + ARX100 group(p<0.01). In FST, immobility has significantly decreased in SPS + ARX50 group and SPS + ARX100 group(p<0.05). The concentration of serotonine, dopamine and BDNF expression has increased significantly in SPS + ARX100 group compared to SPS group(p<0.05) Conclusions : In the SPS-induced PTSD experiment, ARX increased sucrose intake and the numbers of crossing in the central zone space in OFT, decreased immobility time in FST, and increased concentration of serotonin, dopamine, and BDNF. It can be postulated that the ARX could be effective for the treatment of PTSD.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2023

Objectives: Prophylactic vaccines against high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) hold promise to prevent the development of higher grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2+) and cervical cancer (CC) that develop due to HR-HPV genotypes that are included in HPV vaccines, but women will continue to develop CIN 2+ and CC due to HR-HPV genotypes that are not included in the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (qHPV) and 9-valent HPV vaccine (9VHPV). Thus, the current vaccines are likely to decrease but not entirely prevent the development of CIN 2+ or CC. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of CIN 2+ that develop due to HR-HPVs not included in vaccines. Methods: Study population consisted of 1476 women tested for 37 HPVs and known to be negative for qHPVs (6/11/16/18, group A, n = 811) or 9VHPVs (6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58, group B, n = 331), but positive for other HR-HPVs. Regression models were used to determine the association between plasma concentrations of micronutrients, socio-demographic, lifestyle factors and risk of CIN 2+ due to HR-HPVs that are not included in vaccines. Results: The prevalence of infections with HPV 31, 33, 35 and 58 that contributed to CIN 2+ differed by race. In group A, African American (AA) women and current smokers were more likely to have CIN 2 (OR = 1.76, P = 0.032 and 1.79, P = 0.016, respectively) while in both groups of A and B, those with higher vitamin B12 were less likely to have similar lesions (OR = 0.62, P = 0.036 and 0.45, P = 0.035, respectively). Conclusions: We identified vitamin B12 status and smoking as independent modifiable factors and ethnicity as a factor that needs attention to reduce the risk of developing CIN 2+ in the post vaccination era. Continuation of tailored screening programs combined with non-vaccine-based approaches are needed to manage the residual risk of developing HPV-related CIN 2+ and CC in vaccinated women.

• 웰빙융합연구
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2024

This study developed a dry composite module-type deodorization facility with Twisting airflow changes and two forms (catalyst, adsorbent) within one module. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the reduction efficiency of odor substances C₈H₇N and C₉H₉N. The device combines UV oxidation using TiO₂, catalytic oxidation using MnO₂, and adsorption using A/C in five different methods. Data analysis of experimental results utilized the statistical package program Python 3.12. The program applied frequency analysis of odor removal efficiency, one-way ANOVA, and post-hoc tests, with statistical significance determined by p-value to ensure reliability and validity of the measurements. Results indicated that the highest removal efficiency of C₈H₇N and C₉H₉N was achieved by the UV+A/C method, suggesting the superior effectiveness and efficiency of the developed device. Combining multiple processes and technologies within one module enhanced odor treatment efficiency compared to using a single method. The device's modularity allows for flexibility in adapting to various sewage treatment scenarios, offering easy maintenance and cost-effective deodorization. This composite reaction module device can apply multiple technologies, such as biofilters, plasma, activated carbon filters, UV-photocatalysis, and electromagnetic-chemical systems. However, this study focused on UV-photocatalysis, catalysts, and activated carbon filters. Ultimately, the research demonstrates the practical applicability of this innovative device in real sewage treatment operations, showing excellent reduction efficiency and effectiveness by integrating UV oxidation, TiO₂ photocatalysis, MnO₂ catalytic oxidation, and A/C adsorption within a modular system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1566-1573
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• 2006

The study was conducted on 30 true acyclic Sahiwal cows (15 cows, ${\geq}90$ days postpartum; 15 postpubertal heifers, ${\geq}30$ months of age) and a similar 20 untreated controls (10 cows, 10 heifers). An 'Eazi' breed Controlled Internal Drug Release (CIDR) device (containing 1.38 g progesterone) was inserted intravaginally for 7 days (days 0 to 7) followed by 500 IU eCG i.m. at CIDR removal in all the treated animals. Heifers also received 5 mg oestradiol valerate i.m at CIDR insertion. The reproductive performance of these animals was recorded in terms of oestrus induction response, conception and pregnancy rates. Plasma progesterone ($P_4$) and oestradiol-$17{\beta}$ ($E_2$) profiles of 4 representative animals from each treatment group before, during and after CIDR treatment were also monitored. An oestrus induction response of 100% was observed in treated cows and heifers. The majority of cows (53.3%) and heifers (60%) were induced to oestrus within 24-36 and 36-48 h, respectively after CIDR withdrawal; with mean intervals of $44{\pm}3.18$ and $48{\pm}2.35h$, respectively. The conception rate at induced oestrus was higher in cows (40%) than heifers (20%). The final pregnancy rates after 2 subsequent oestruses were 80 and 60% in cows and heifers, respectively (overall 70% for all treated animals). In comparison, only 10% of control animals (2 cows only, 2/20) showed oestrus and become pregnant (10%) during theentire study period. The pretreatment (day 0) mean plasma P4 levels were statistically (p>0.05) similar in cows and heifers ($0.40{\pm}0.04$ and $0.49{\pm}0.11ng/ml$, respectively). The peak $P_4$ levels were observed on day 1 in cows ($13.94{\pm}1.41ng/ml$) and day 2 in heifers ($19.15{\pm}3.30ng/ml$) with a progressive decline up to the day of CIDR withdrawal ($3.35{\pm}0.92$ and $8.79{\pm}1.71ng/ml$, respectively). Mean $P_4$ levels on day 9 and 10 in cows and heifers did not differ significantly from their respective day 0 values and the lowest values were recorded on day 10 both in cows and heifers ($0.13{\pm}0.03$ and $0.14{\pm}0.02ng/ml$, respectively). Wide variations in individual pretreatment $E_2$ levels were observed both in the cows (range = 4-26, mean = $13.00{\pm}4.65pg/ml$) and heifers (range = 10-14, mean = $11.50{\pm}0.96pg/ml$). Thereafter also, $E_2$ levels in cows showed variation and reached a peak level ($53.50{\pm}2.99pg/ml$) on day 8. In heifers, peak mean $E_2$ level ($111.25{\pm}39.81pg/ml$) was recorded on day 1, followed by a non-significant decline on day 2, a significant fall on day 6 and a non-significant increase on day 9 and 10. However, mean $E_2$ levels on days 7 (p<0.05), 8 and 9 (p<0.01) were significantly higher in cows compared to heifers. The post-CIDR withdrawal mean highest $P_4$ and lowest $E_2$ levels coincided with the period when the majority of animals were induced to oestrus. CIDR and eCG treatment resulted in effective induction of oestrus with satisfactory pregnancy rates in true acyclic Sahiwal cows and heifers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.747-754
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• 2005

Nutritional regulation of gene expression associated with growth and feeding behavior in avian species can become an important technique to improve poultry production according to the supply of nutrients in the diet. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) found in chickens has been characterized to be a 70 amino acid polypeptide and plays an important role in growth and metabolism. Although it is been well known that IGF-I is highly associated with embryonic development and post-hatching growth, changes in the distribution of IGF-I gene expression throughout early- to late-embryogenesis have not been studied so far. We revealed that the developmental pattern of IGF-I gene expression during embryogenesis differed among various tissues. No bands of IGF-I mRNA were detected in embryonic liver at 7 days of incubation, and thereafter the amount of hepatic IGF-I mRNA was increased from 14 to 20 days of incubation. In eyes, a peak in IGF-I mRNA levels occurred at mid-embryogenesis, but by contrast, IGF-I mRNA was barely detectable in the heart throughout all incubation periods. In the muscle, no significant difference in IGF-I gene expression was observed during different stages of embryogenesis. After hatching, hepatic IGF-I gene expression as well as plasma IGF-I concentration increases rapidly with age, reaches a peak before sexual maturity, and then declines. The IGF-I gene expression is very sensitive to changes in nutritional conditions. Food-restriction and fasting decreased hepatic IGF-I gene expression and refeeding restored IGF-I gene expression to the level of fed chickens. Dietary protein is also a very strong factor in changing hepatic IGF-I gene expression. Refeeding with dietary protein alone successfully restored hepatic IGF-I gene expression of fasted chickens to the level of fed controls. In most circumstances, IGF-I makes a complex with specific high-affinity IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). So far, four different IGFBPs have been identified in avian species and the major IGFBP in chicken plasma has been reported to be IGFBP-2. We studied the relationship between nutritional status and IGFBP-2 gene expression in various tissues of young chickens. In the liver of fed chickens, almost no IGFBP-2 mRNA was detected. However, fasting markedly increased hepatic IGFBP-2 gene expression, and the level was reduced after refeeding. In the gizzard of well-fed young chickens, IGFBP-2 gene expression was detected and fasting significantly elevated gizzard IGFBP-2 mRNA levels to about double that of fed controls. After refeeding, gizzard IGFBP-2 gene expression decreased similar to hepatic IGFBP-2 gene expression. In the brain, IGFBP-2 mRNA was observed in fed chickens and had significantly decreased by fasting. In the kidney, IGFBP-2 gene expression was observed but not influenced by fasting and refeeding. Recently, we have demonstrated in vivo that gizzard and hepatic IGFBP-2 gene expression in fasted chickens was rapidly reduced by intravenous administration of insulin, as indicated that in young chickens the reduction in gizzard and hepatic IGFBP-2 gene expression in vivo stimulated by malnutrition may be, in part, regulated by means of the increase in plasma insulin concentration via an insulin-response element. The influence of dietary protein source (isolated soybean protein vs. casein) and the supplementation of essential amino acids on gizzard IGFBP-2 gene expression was examined. In both soybean protein and casein diet groups, the deficiency of essential amino acids stimulated chickens to increase gizzard IGFBP-2 gene expression. Although amino acid supplementation of a soybean protein diet significantly decreased gizzard IGFBP-2 mRNA levels, a similar reduction was not observed in chickens fed a casein diet supplemented with amino acids. This overview of nutritional regulation of IGF-I and IGFBP-2 gene expression in young chickens would serve for the establishment of the supply of nutrients to diets to improve poultry production.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권10호
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• pp.987-994
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• 2007

목 적 : 본 연구는 비만으로 인한 대사적 합병증을 가진 소아 및 청소년에서 흑색가시세포증이 어떤 임상적 의의를 가지는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 동아대학교의료원 소아청소년과에서 한개 이상의 비만으로 인한 대사적 합병증으로 진료 받았던 49명의 소아 및 청소년들을 대상으로 하였다. 비만으로 인한 대사적 합병증은 고혈압, 이상지질혈증, 공복혈당장애, 내당능장애, 비알콜성지방간염, HOMA-IR 값이 3.16 이상으로 인슐린 저항성이 있는 경우로 정의하였다. 나이, 비만도, 사춘기 발달 상태, 혈압, 공복 혈장 인슐린, 공복 혈장 포도당, 경구당부하검사 2시간 후 혈장 포도당, 간기능 검사, 혈장 지질 검사, HOMA-IR 값을 흑색가시세포증의 유무에 따라 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 32(65.3%)명에서 흑색가시세포증이 관찰되었다. 28 (57.1%)명의 환아에서 비알콜성지방간염이 관찰되었으며, 이상지질혈증은 28명(57.1%), 고혈압은 27명(55.1%), 공복혈당장애는 23명(46.9%), 내당능장애는 6명(16.2%)에서 관찰되었다. HOMA-IR 값이 3.16 이상으로 인슐린 저항성을 가진 환아는 12명(24.5 %)에서 관찰되었다. 내당능장애와 HOMA-IR 값이 3.16 이상인 인슐린 저항성은 흑색가시세포증을 동반한 중등도 이상의 비만군에서 의미있게 발생 빈도가 증가되었다(P<0.05, P<0.05). 비만도는 흑색가시세포증이 있는 환아에서 $42.4{\pm}13.0%$로 흑색가시세포증이 없는 환아의 $34.3{\pm}1.8%$ 보다 높았다(P<0.05). 흑색가시세포증이 동반된 환아에서 확장기 혈압이 높았으며($79.4{\pm}6.9mmHg$ vs $75.4{\pm}5.6mmHg$, P<0.05), 공복 인슐린($10.6{\pm}6.0{\mu}IU/mL$ vs $6.2{\pm}5.4{\mu}IU/mL$, P<0.01)은 증가되어 있었다. 흑색가시세포증이 동반된 환아에서 HOMA-IR 값($2.6{\pm}1.4$ vs $1.4{\pm}1.3$, P<0.01)이 높았으며, QUICKI 값($0.61{\pm}0.14$ vs $0.81{\pm}0.27$, P<0.01)은 낮았다. 비만으로 인한 대사적 합병증을 많이 가지고 있을수록 흑색가시세포증의 발현 빈도가 증가되었다(P< 0.01). 비만으로 인한 대사적 합병증이 동반된 환아에서 흑색가시세포증의 발생 위험인자를 평가하기 위해 시행한 binary logistic regression model에서 비만도와 공복 혈장 인슐린이 높을수록, 공복혈당장애가 있을 경우 흑색가시세포증의 발생 위험이 증가하였다. 결 론 : 흑색가시세포증은 비만으로 인한 대사적 합병증을 조기에 진단할 수 있는 임상적인 지표로써 유용하게 사용되어질 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.62-72
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• 2007

이번 실험에서는 중합수축 응력이 가장 크게 나타나는 유구치 I급 와동에서 와동벽의 위치와 중합광원의 변화에 의해 다르게 나타나는 응력의 차이를 microtensile bond strength (MTBS)를 이용하여 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 교합면 법랑질을 제거한 하악 제 2유구치 30개를 준비하여 I급 와동을 형성하였다. 제조사의 지시에 따라 상아질 접착제를 도포 후 3가지 중합광원: 할로겐 램프, 플라즈마, 발광다이오드를 이용하여 10개씩 광중합하였다. 복합레진을 한꺼번에 충전 후 각각의 중합기로 광중합하였다. 동일 치아에서 각각 치수벽과 축벽의 MTBS 측정용 시편을 제작하고 각 군을 중합광원과 와동벽 위치에 따라 할로겐 램프 - 축벽군, 할로겐 램프 - 치수벽군, 플라즈마 - 축벽군, 플라즈마 - 치수벽군, 발광다이오드 - 축벽군, 발광다이오드-치수벽군의 6개 군으로 분류하였다. 만능시험기에서 MTBS를 측정하고 파절편과 와동의 단면을 SEM을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 동일 중합광원에서 와동벽 간 비교는 T-test, 동일 와동벽에서 중합광원 간 비교는 One-way ANOVA와 Tukey's post hoc test를 이용하였고 Weibull 분포분석을 하였다. 동일 중합광원 군간 비교에서 모두 치수벽 시편의 접착강도가 축벽 시편에 비해 유의하게 높았으며 동일 와동벽 군간 비교에서 모두 중합광원에 따른 접착강도가 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 축벽 시편이 치수벽 시편보다 낮은 Weibull 변수(m)를 나타내었고 SEM 관찰 결과 축벽 시편에서 보다 더 불균일한 접착이 이루어진 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.160-166
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of urea, a new potential diagnosis reagent of Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods: Considering the mechanism of urea breath test, we determined the excretion of urea in expired air after its oral administration in rats and beagle dogs at the dose of 2 mg/kg (including 50 mCi/mmol $^{14}C$-urea 50 ${\mu}Ci/kg$ for rats and 13.5 ${\mu}Ci/kg$ for dogs). Results: Urea was rapidly disappeared from the blood circulation by 1 hr after its i.v. bolus injection, followed by a slow disappearance by 24 hr. The half-lives at the distributive phase ($t_{1/2{\alpha}}$) and post-distributive phase ($t_{1/2{\beta}}$) were 2 min and 6 hr, respectively. The bioavailability of urea was 64.3% after its oral administration. The values of the volume of distribution ($V_{dss}$) and the total body clearance ($CL_t$) after the oral administration were compatible with those after i.v. administration. The recovery of urea in the bile was about 0.1% of the dose by 24 hr after its oral administration. Urea was extensively eliminated in the urine by 48 hr. The recovery ratios of urea in the urine and expired air were about 86.8% and 2.99% of the dose by 48 hr, respectively. Moreover, urea was mostly distributed from the blood circulation to the kidney, followed by being eliminated in the urine without metabolism. The concentration of urea in the kidney was 4.0 times higher than that of plasma at 40 min after its oral administration. Conclusions: These findings indicated that oral route appears to be available for the administration of urea. Orally administered urea, thus, was considered to be useful for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection.