• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.293-298
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• 2005

We examined the effects of GnRHa on expression of the gonadotropin subunit gene in the pituitary and on syn-thesis of the plasma sex steroids (testosterone and 17$\beta$-estradiol) in protandrous black porgy. Fish were injected intraperitoneally with 0.2g GnRHa/g and then both the pituitary and the plasma were sampled 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after injection. The mRNA level of the FSH subunit increased at 6 hours post-injection, while the LH mRNA levels expressed are same with or without GnRHa treatment. Also, GnRHa stimulation caused a significant increase of the plasma testosterone (T) and 17$\beta$-estradiol ($E_2$) after 24 hours. The homologies of black porgy FSH to red seabream, Pagrus majoy FSH, snakehead fish, Channa maculata FSH and striped bass, Morone saxatilis FSH were $83.3\%,\;79.2\%$ and $76.0\%$ respectively. Amino acid homology analysis using the GenBank and EMBL general searches indicated that black porgy FSH has a high homology with yellowfin seabream, Acanthopagrus latus LH ($97.7\%$ identity) and red seabream LH ($83.3\%$ identity).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.269-284
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• 1985

The metabolism of Entamoeba histolytica would be affected by various environmental factors, and alteration of the environment was known to afEect the fine structure of 5. histolytica. The present study was designed electronmicroscopically to investigate the ultrastructure and enzyme activities in the aEonic and conventional strains of 5. histolytica. The trophozoites of axenically cultivated HK-9 strain and conventional YS-27 and YS-49 strains of 5. histolytica were collected and liKed with 4% paraformaldehyde/0.1M cacodylate buffier(pH 74), After washing them by centrifugation, 1% warm agar was added in the sediment. Solidified agar with the trophozoites was cut into $lmm^3$ cubes, and incubated in the various substrates to observe enzyme activities. Then, the specimen was post-fixed with 3% glutaraldehyde/0.1M cacodylate buffer (PH 7.4) and 1% osmium tetroBide/0.1M cacodylate buffier (pH 7.4) , dehydrated in ascending ethanol series and embedded in epoxy resin. These were sectioned on an ultramicrotome and observed with a transmission electronmicroscope. The procedures for the observation of the fine structure were same as the above, except for the incubation in the substrate. The sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. For the observation of the surface of the amoebae, scanning-electronmicroscopy was carried out. The results obtained in the present study are summarized as follows: 1. The fuzzy coat around double-layered plasma membrane of 5. histolytica was more irregularly and densely distributed in the conventional strains (YS-27, YS-49 strains) than in the axonic strain (HK-9 strain). 2. The endosomes, button bodies and chromatin material were surrounded by a double-layered nuclear membrane having scattered nuclear fores. The paranuclear body, mono- or double-layered vacuoles, vacuolar membrane whorls, rosette-like cylindrical bodies, aggregation of cylindrical bodies and helical bodies were found in the cytoplasm of the amoebae. Helical bodies and glycogen granules were generally abundant, while a few smooth endoplasmic reticula were observed in the cytoplasm. 3. Alkaline phosphatase activity was mainly demonstrated in the plasma membrane, limiting membranes of vacuoles and smooth endoplasmic reticula. ATPase activity was observed in the nucleus, limiting membranes of vacuoles and vacuolar membrane whorls. 4. Acid phosphatase activity was commonly demonstrated in the limiting membranes an contents of vacuoles, Iysosome-like organelles, plasma membrane and the button bodies in the nucleus. The activity was more weakly demonstrated in the HK-9 strain than in the other conventional strains of 5. histolytica. No peroBidase activity was observed in the amoeba strains employed in the present study. 5. With a scanning electron-microscope, no distinct structural differences were observed between the amoeba strains. All the trophozoite forms of the amoebae showed crater-like depressions and rugged features on the outer surface.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.199-204
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• 2008

Indium tin oxide (ITO) has been commonly used as an anode for organic light emitting diode (OLED), because of its relatively high work function, high transmittance, and low resistance. The ITO was mostly deposited by capacitive type DC or RF sputtering. In this study we introduced a new facing target sputtering method. On applying this new sputtering method, the effect of fundamental deposition parameters such as substrate heating and post etching were investigated in relation to the resultant I-V-L characteristics of OLED. Three kinds of ITOs deposited at room temperature, at $400^{\circ}C$ and at $400^{\circ}C$ with after surface modification by $O_2$ plasma etching were compared. The OLED on ITO deposited with substrate heating and followed by etching showed better I-V-L characteristics, which starts to emit light at 4 volts and has luminescence of $65\;cd/m^2$ at 9 volts. The better I-V-L characteristics were ascribed to the relevant surface roughness with uniform micro-extrusions and to the equi-axed micromorphology of ITO surface.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.525-535
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of music therapy on anxiety, sedation, and stress responses of patients during surgery with spinal anesthesia. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group pre-post test was used. There were 55 adults over 19 years of age scheduled for a lower leg surgery with spinal anesthesia: 27 in the treatment group and 28 in the comparison group. Each subject in the treatment group identified their music preference which was used during the period of surgery which usually lasted, 61 minutes. Data were analyzed using chi-square, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test and repeated measured ANOVA. Results: There were significant reported differences in levels of anxiety, sedation, and stress responses which were measured by plasma cortisol levels, heart rate, and respiratory rate. The findings of all the variables were effectively decreased among those in the treatment group than the comparison group. Conclusion: The preference based music therapy may be useful as a non-pharmacological intervention.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.162-162
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• 2016

We present multifunctional indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films formed at room temperature by a normal sputtering system equipped with a plasma limiter which effectively blocks the bombardment of energetic negative oxygen ions (NOIs). The ITO thin film possesses not only low resistivity but also high gas diffusion barrier properties even though it is deposited on a plastic substrate at room temperature without post annealing. Argon neutrals incident to substrates in the sputtering have an optimal energy window from 20 to 30 eV under the condition of blocking energetic NOIs to form ITO nano-crystalline structure. The effect of blocking energetic NOIs and argon neutrals with optimal energy make the resistivity decrease to $3.61{\times}10-4{\Omega}cm$ and the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of 100 nm thick ITO film drop to $3.9{\times}10-3g/(m2day)$ under environmental conditions of 90% relative humidity and 50oC, which corresponds to a value of ~ 10-5 g/(m2day) at room temperature and air conditions. The multifunctional ITO thin films with low resistivity and low gas permeability will be highly valuable for plastic electronics applications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.307.1-307.1
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• 2016

Amorphous zinc tin oxide (ZTO) thin films are being widely studied for a variety electronic applications such as the transparent conducting oxide (TCO) in the field of photoelectric elements and thin film transistors (TFTs). Thin film transistors (TFTs) with transparent amorphous oxide semiconductors (TAOS) represent a major advance in the field of thin film electronics. Examples of TAOS materials include zinc tin oxide (ZTO), indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), indium zinc oxide, and indium zinc tin oxide. Among them, ZTO has good optical and electrical properties (high transmittance and larger than 3eV band gap energy). Furthermore ZTO does not contain indium or gallium and is relatively inexpensive and non-toxic. In this study, ZTO thin films were formed by UHV RF magnetron co-sputter deposition on silicon substrates and sapphires. The films were deposited from ZnO and SnO2 target in an RF argon and oxygen plasma. The deposition condition of ZTO thin films were controlled by RF power and post anneal temperature using rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The deposited and annealed films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), ultraviolet and visible light (UV-VIS) spectrophotometer.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.63-63
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• 2003

The nanotopography of silicon wafers has emerged as an important factor in the STI process since it affects the post-CMP thickness deviation (OTD) of dielectric films. Ceria slurry with surfactant is widely applied to STI-CMP as it offers high oxide-to-nitride removal selectivity. Aiming to control the nanotopography impact through ceria slurry characteristics, we examhed the effect of surfactant concentration and abrasive size on the nanotopography impact. The ceria slurries for this study were produced with cerium carbonate as the starting material. Four kinds of slurry with different size of abrasives were prepared through a mechanical treatment The averaged abrasive size for each slurry varied from 70 nm to 290 nm. An anionic organic surfactant was added with the concentration from 0 to 0.8 wt %. We prepared commercial 8 inch silicon wafers. Oxide Shu were deposited using the plasma-enhanced tetra-ethyl-ortho-silicate (PETEOS) method, The films on wafers were polished on a Strasbaugh 6EC. Film thickness before and after CMP was measured with a spectroscopic ellipsometer, ES4G (SOPRA). The nanotopogrphy height of the wafer was measured with an optical interferometer, NanoMapper (ADE Phase Shift)

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.127-135
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of the developed exercise prescription program by utilizing PRECEDE(Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Causes in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation} model on adult's knowledge related to health, attitudes, behaviors and serum lipoprotein values. This study employed 20 males(40-47 yrs) without any apparent physical defects, who did not experience such physical activities. They were divided into experimental groups and control groups, each group consisted of 10 subjects who performed Jogging. The experimental design of the study utilized “two-way ANOVA Design” conducted by the repeated measurement two time(pre and post-test). As the results of the data, the conclusions were as follows: 1. There were statistically significant effects of the health module exposed to the experimental groups on the higher means of knowledge score in the experimental groups than those in the control groups. 2. There were statistically significant effects of the module exposed to the experimental groups on the positive changes of their attitudes. 3. There were significant changes on the behaviors of the health by doing the health program. Therefore the developed health program formed the improved knowledge about the health and the desirable attitudes and behaviors. 4. There were statistically significant effects of the exercise prescription program exposed to the experimental groups on the reduction of the resting heart rate and systolic blood pressure. 5. There were statistically significant effects of the exercise prescription program exposed to the experimental groups on the positive changes of their plasma TC / HDL-C ratio and triglycerides.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.144-149
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the effect of Intenet diabetes education varied by gender. Method: An experimental group assessed pre- and post intervention was used to assess the effectiveness of diabetes education by nurses. Forty patients separated into two groups by gender partook in the study. The goal of the intervention was to keep blood glucose concentrations close to normal range. The intervention was applied weekly for 3 months. Participants were requested to input their blood glucose level, diet, and exercise diary everyday at http://www.biodang.com by cellular phone or wire Internet. The researcher sent optimal recommendations to each patient using the short message service of cellular phones and wire Internet. All medication adjustments were communicated to the subjects' doctors. The plasma glucose levels, serum lipids, and care satisfaction were measured before and after the intervention. Result: Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) decreased 1.6% and 0.8% in male and female patients respectively after 3 months of education. Total cholesterol decreased 37.2mg/dl in male patients but increased 80.5mg/dl in female patients. Conclusion: These findings indicated that Internet diabetes education could improve HbA1c and total cholesterol in male patients.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.269-275
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• 1989

Early embryo development and implantation were arrested in ICR mice which were passively immunized with a mouse monoclonal progesterone amtibody given as a single intraperitoneal injection at 12 hrs or 60 hrs post coitum (p. c.). Unimplanted embryos were recovered from the reproductive tract of the antibody-treated mice and none of these progressed to the blastocyst stage. The most pronounced effect was an arrest of embryonic development at a stage prior to cavitation. The plasma progesterone concentration in the blood taken by carbiac puncture increased greatly after the treatment by virtue of high affinity binding by the antibody in circulation. The result showed that passive immunization against progesterone shortly after mating interfered with early hormone dependent steps which were essential for normal embryonic development.